Jasminum sambac: A Potential Candidate for Drug Development to Cure Cardiovascular Ailments.

Jasminum sambac (L.) is a South Asian folkloric medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to treat cardiovascular problems. The current investigation was meticulously organized to explore the pharmacological foundation for the medicinal uses of J. sambac pertaining to cardiovascular ailments and to investigate the core mechanisms. Mechanistic investigation revealed that crude leaf extract of J. sambac produced ex-vivo vasorelaxant effects in endotheliumintact aorta ring preparation and hypotensive effect was recorded via pressure and force transducers coupled to the Power Lab Data Acquisition System. Moreover; J. sambac showed cardioprotective effects against adrenaline -induced left ventricular hypertrophy in rabbits observed hemodynamic. CK-MB, LDH, troponin, CRP, ALT, AST, ALP levels were shown to be lower in the myocardial infarction model, as were necrosis, oedema, and inflammatory cell recruitment in comparison to control. J. sambac has shown good antioxidant potential as well as prolonged the noradrenaline induced platelet adhesion. The vasorelaxant and cardioprotective effects in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments, which are enabled by activation of muscarinic receptor and/or releasing the nitric oxide and by reducing the adrenaline, induced oxidative stress, justifying its usage in cardiovascular disorders.

Development, characterization and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Withania coagulans extract and extract loaded microemulsion.

Herbal medicines are gaining importance due to more advantages and less toxic effects. Withania coagulans is natural plant that possesses multiple activities. Its main constituents are withaferin and withanolide. The purpose of present study is to identify main constituent of Withania coagulans and preparation of extract loaded micro emulsions. Withania coagulans fruit extract in methanol/chloroform (1:1) was collected in semisolid form and LCMS was done to identify active compound, and then micro emulsions were prepared using Tween 80: Transcutol (1:1) Frankincense oil, and water to enhance its stability for topical application. Five formulations were prepared by Pseudo ternary phase diagram and evaluated for pH, conductivity, viscosity, drug contents, particle size analysis, and polydispersity. Withania coagulans extract was evaluated for anti-bacterial activity against (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi) and anti-fungal activity against (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). Anti-inflammatory activity was checked for both extract and Extract based micro emulsion. Among all five formulations F5 shows best physiochemical properties with small globule size, good stability and high anti-inflammatory activity. Based on these results it was concluded that Withania coagulans extract loaded micro emulsions can be used for topical application with promising anti-inflammatory activities. Data for in-vivo studies for checking the topical effect of Withania coagulans is provided elsewhere.

Pharmacological Justification for the Medicinal Use of Plumeria rubra Linn. in Cardiovascular Disorders.

Plumeria rubra (L.) is a traditional folkloric medicinal herb used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The present investigation was methodically planned to investigate the pharmacological foundations for the therapeutic effectiveness of P. rubra in cardiovascular illnesses and its underlying mechanisms. Ex vivo vaso-relaxant effects of crude leaf extract of P. rubra were observed in rabbit aorta ring preparations. Hypotensive effects were measured using pressure and force transducers connected to the Power Lab data acquisition system. Furthermore, P. rubra displayed cardioprotective properties in rabbits when they were exposed to adrenaline-induced myocardial infarction. In comparison to the intoxicated group, the myocardial infarction model showed decreased troponin levels, CK-MB, LDH, ALT, ALP, AST, and CRP, as well as necrosis, apoptosis, oedema, and inflammatory cell enrollment. P. rubra has revealed good antioxidant properties and prolonged the noradrenaline intoxicated platelet adhesion. Its anticoagulant, vasorelaxant, and cardioprotective effects in both in vivo and ex vivo investigations are enabled by blocking L-type calcium channels, lowering adrenaline, induced oxidative stress, and tissue tear, justifying its therapeutic utility in cardiovascular disorders.