Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on liver histopathology, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats submitted to a diet rich in cholesterol and carbohydrates.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. METHODS: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. RESULTS: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.

Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on liver histopathology, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats submitted to a diet rich in cholesterol and carbohydrates

Purpose: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. Methods: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. Results: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. Conclusions: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and lactoperoxidase genes in the lung of isogenic mice after ischemia/reperfusion injury in the small bowel.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the expression of the genes antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and lactoperoxidase (Lpo) in the lung of mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). METHODS: Control group (CG) in which were subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy and observation for 120 minutes; an ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy, small bowel ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes; and three groups treated with HBO during ischemia (HBOG + I), during reperfusion (HBOG + R) and during ischemia and reperfusion (HBOG + IR). Studied 84 genes of oxidative stress by the method (RT-qPCR). Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student's t-test p<0.05). RESULTS: Gpx4 and Lpo were hiperexpressed on IRG, showing a correlation with these genes with lung oxidative stress. Treated with HBO, there was a significant reduction on genic expression on HBOG+I. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygenation showed to be associated with decreased expression of these antioxidant genes, suggesting a beneficial effect on the mechanism of pulmonary oxidative stress whenever applied during the ischemia.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and lactoperoxidase genes in the lung of isogenic mice after ischemia/reperfusion injury in the small bowel

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the expression of the genes antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and lactoperoxidase (Lpo) in the lung of mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). Methods: Control group (CG) in which were subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy and observation for 120 minutes; an ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG) subjected to anesthesia, laparotomy, small bowel ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes; and three groups treated with HBO during ischemia (HBOG + I), during reperfusion (HBOG + R) and during ischemia and reperfusion (HBOG + IR). Studied 84 genes of oxidative stress by the method (RT-qPCR). Genes with expression levels three times below or above the threshold cycle were considered significantly hypoexpressed or hyperexpressed, respectively (Student's t-test p<0.05). Results: Gpx4 and Lpo were hiperexpressed on IRG, showing a correlation with these genes with lung oxidative stress. Treated with HBO, there was a significant reduction on genic expression on HBOG+I. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygenation showed to be associated with decreased expression of these antioxidant genes, suggesting a beneficial effect on the mechanism of pulmonary oxidative stress whenever applied during the ischemia.

Action of hyperbaric oxygenation in the rat skin flap.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphology, necrotic area and collagen content in skin flaps of rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). METHODS: Forty adult rats were divided into four groups: GEC - epilated; GE/HBO - epilated subjected to HBO; GER - epilated submitted to skin flap (2 cm in width /8 cm length in the dorsal area) and GER/HBO - epilated, subjected to skin flap and HBO. HBO (2.4 ATA) was performed for two hours during seven consecutive days. In the eighth day, the rats were anesthetized and the skin flaps were removed and separated into three portions, relative to pedicle fixation. The material fixed in 10% formalin was processed for paraffin embedding; sections were stained by H.E and subjected to picrosirius-red method. The slides examined under light microscopy for evaluation of the collagen content in polarized light microscope and ImageLab(r) software (Bio-Rad). RESULTS: The data showed larger area of necrosis and lower levels of collagen in the three regions of the GER group, whereas in the GER/HBO group the collagen content was similar to the GEC and GE/HBO groups. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygenation reduced the area of necrosis and preserved the morphology and collagen content in skin flaps of rats.

Action of hyperbaric oxygenation in the rat skin flap

PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphology, necrotic area and collagen content in skin flaps of rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). METHODS: Forty adult rats were divided into four groups: GEC - epilated; GE/HBO - epilated subjected to HBO; GER - epilated submitted to skin flap (2 cm in width /8 cm length in the dorsal area) and GER/HBO - epilated, subjected to skin flap and HBO. HBO (2.4 ATA) was performed for two hours during seven consecutive days. In the eighth day, the rats were anesthetized and the skin flaps were removed and separated into three portions, relative to pedicle fixation. The material fixed in 10% formalin was processed for paraffin embedding; sections were stained by H.E and subjected to picrosirius-red method. The slides examined under light microscopy for evaluation of the collagen content in polarized light microscope and ImageLab(r) software (Bio-Rad). RESULTS: The data showed larger area of necrosis and lower levels of collagen in the three regions of the GER group, whereas in the GER/HBO group the collagen content was similar to the GEC and GE/HBO groups. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygenation reduced the area of necrosis and preserved the morphology and collagen content in skin flaps of rats. .

The effect of liposome-delivered prednisolone on collagen density, myofibroblasts, and fibrous capsule thickness around silicone breast implants in rats.

Capsular contracture is a potential adverse effect of breast implants. An inflammatory reaction is most likely the origin of fibrosis around the implant. It is possible that some substances may act to prevent this inflammatory reaction. Thus, our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of local depot prednisolone phosphate-liposomes (PPL) on fibrous capsule formation around textured silicone breast implants. Shell prostheses (2 mL) were implanted in the right (plus PPL group) and left (plus saline solution, saline group) subcutaneous dorsum of 18 rats. In another 18 rats, the implants were positioned in the left of the back without any drug instillation (control group). In the PPL group, the capsule thickness (microm) and density (%) of collagen were significantly (p<0.0001) lower compared with the control group on days 35 and 90 postsurgery. Furthermore, in the PPL group, a significant reduction in myofibroblast count was observed on day 90 postsurgery (p<0.0001). In conclusion, a single dose of depot liposome-delivered prednisolone was effective at impairing capsule formation around the silicone implant. The results suggest a strong local and weak systemic effect of PPL on the fibrous tissue around silicone implants. To our knowledge, no study has yet assessed the effect of PPL on silicone breast implants.

Fibrin adhesive and the vaginal vault synthesis on female rabbits abdominal hysterectomies / Adesivo de fibrina e a síntese da cúpula vaginal após histerectomia abdominal em coelhos fêmeas

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of fibrin glue in comparison with polyglycolic acid suture to promote the closure of rabbit's vaginal vault, after abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Twenty female, adults, New Zealand rabbits, were submitted to abdominal hysterectomy and randomly distributed to polyglycolic acid suture (G-PA / n=10) or fibrin glue closure of vaginal vault (G-FG / n=10). Radiograph study allowed identifying vault vaginal suture disrupter or fistulas to urinary bladder or rectum. Videovaginoscopy study allowed identifying the presence of cellulites, abscess formation, tissue granulation or granuloma. Vaginal cuff burst test allowed to identify by the escape of air bubbles and rupture pression record. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius red allowed the measure of fibrous tissue healing. RESULTS: The videovaginoscopy identified a significant difference (Fisher Test p<0.3142) of granulation tissue in the animals of G-PA (40 percent) in comparison with the G-FG (20 percent). The gross inspection showed the same relation in the granulation tissue occurrence (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50 percent) and G-FB (20 percent). The visceral adhesion to the vaginal vault wound was statistical significant (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50 percent) and G-FG (20 percent). The pressure of rupture (mm Hg) of the burst test was similar (p<0.0421) in the animals of G-PA (61.5±19.3) and G-FG (72.5±21.9). The collagen matrix of vault wound healing was similar (p< 0.0231) between the G-PA (31.63±15) and the G-FG (23.2±13.2). CONCLUSION: The vaginal vault closure using the fibrin glue is a safe and reliable procedure after abdominal hysterectomy in female rabbit model.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia da cola de fibrina e da sutura usando fio de ácido poliglicólico para promover o fechamento da cúpula vaginal de coelhas, após histerectomia abdominal. MÉTODOS: Vinte coelhos fêmeas, New Zealand, adultas foram submetidas à histerectomia abdominal e distribuídas para sutura da cúpula vaginal com fio de ácido poliglicólico (G-PA / n=10) ou cola de fibrina (G-FG / n=10). Estudo radiológico foi realizado para identificar deiscências ou fístulas vesicais ou retais. Videovaginoscopia foi realizada para identificar a presença de secreções, abscessos, tecido de granulação ou granuloma tipo corpo estranho. Teste in vitro de pressão de rompimento sob selo d'água foi realizado para identificar a perviedade da sutura. O tecido de cicatrização foi estudado pela coloração com picrosirius red para mensuração do tecido fibrótico. RESULTADOS: A videovaginoscopia mostrou uma diferença significante (Teste de Fisher p<0,3142) no tecido de granulação do grupo G-PA (40 por cento) em comparação com o grupo G-FG (20 por cento). A análise macroscópica mostrou a mesma relação com o tecido de granulação (Teste de Fisher p< 0.1749) com G-PA (50 por cento) e G-FB (20 por cento). A aderência visceral à cúpula vaginal foi estatisticamente significativa (Teste de Fisher p< 0.1749) com o G-PA (50 por cento) e G-FG (20 por cento). A pressão de rompimento (mmHg) foi similar (p<0.0421) nos animais do grupo G-PA (61.5±19.3) e G-FG (72.5±21.9). A matriz colagenosa do tecido de cicatrização teve resultados semelhantes (p< 0.0231) entre G-PA (31.63±15) e G-FG (23.2±13.2). CONCLUSÃO: O fechamento da cúpula vaginal usando cola de fibrina é um procedimento seguro e confiável após histerectomia abdominal em coelhos fêmeas.

Fibrin adhesive and the vaginal vault synthesis on female rabbits abdominal hysterectomies.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of fibrin glue in comparison with polyglycolic acid suture to promote the closure of rabbit's vaginal vault, after abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Twenty female, adults, New Zealand rabbits, were submitted to abdominal hysterectomy and randomly distributed to polyglycolic acid suture (G-PA / n=10) or fibrin glue closure of vaginal vault (G-FG / n=10). Radiograph study allowed identifying vault vaginal suture disrupter or fistulas to urinary bladder or rectum. Videovaginoscopy study allowed identifying the presence of cellulites, abscess formation, tissue granulation or granuloma. Vaginal cuff burst test allowed to identify by the escape of air bubbles and rupture pression record. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius red allowed the measure of fibrous tissue healing. RESULTS: The videovaginoscopy identified a significant difference (Fisher Test p<0.3142) of granulation tissue in the animals of G-PA (40%) in comparison with the G-FG (20%). The gross inspection showed the same relation in the granulation tissue occurrence (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50%) and G-FB (20%). The visceral adhesion to the vaginal vault wound was statistical significant (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50%) and G-FG (20%). The pressure of rupture (mm Hg) of the burst test was similar (p<0.0421) in the animals of G-PA (61.5+/-19.3) and G-FG (72.5+/-21.9). The collagen matrix of vault wound healing was similar (p< 0.0231) between the G-PA (31.63+/-15) and the G-FG (23.2+/-13.2). CONCLUSION: The vaginal vault closure using the fibrin glue is a safe and reliable procedure after abdominal hysterectomy in female rabbit model.

A preservação do intestino delgado para transplante: a contribuição da oxigenação hiperbárica / Small bowel preservation for transplantation: the contribution of the hyperbaric oxygenation

RACIONAL: Não há ainda um método que mantenha adequadamente e por tempo prolongado a qualidade e a função do intestino delgado a ser transplantado, apesar da existência de várias modalidades de preservação. Há necessidade de se desenvolver e aprimorar novas opções técnicas. OBJETIVO: Recuperar os artigos que estudaram a aplicação da oxigenação hiperbárica (OHB) como técnica de preservação do intestino delgado destinado para transplante, procurando determinar qual a contribuição do método no prolongamento do tempo e qualidade dessa preservação. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se a base de dados do Medline e da Scielo consultada nos sites www.pubmed.com e www.bireme.br tendo sido selecionados 58 trabalhos pertinentes. A revisão mostrou que a preservação intestinal está associada ao uso de soluções que fornecem substrato oxidativo para a célula assim como acrescentam substâncias que evitam ou reduzem a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio. A hipotermia e a oxigenação destas soluções preservadoras é de uso corrente e consensual. Nove trabalhos ativeram-se ao uso específico da OHB. Não há consenso sobre sua utilização em trabalhos experimentais. Contudo os estudos não são comparáveis, pois utilizam metodologias diversas e diferentes tipos de avaliação. Discute-se também a complexidade e os custos da OHB. Apesar disto, há indicações que a OHB pode prevenir o edema da hipotermia, manter a oxigenação tecidual durante a preservação e impedir ou diminuir a formação de radicais livres. CONCLUSÃO: A OHB deve ser avaliada como alternativa exclusiva ou complementar às técnicas de preservação, sendo campo fértil de investigação.

INTRODUCTION: In spite of the existence of several modalities of preservation, up to now a method that adequately keeps for a long time the quality and the functioning aspects of the small bowel to be transplanted is lacking. AIM: To gather articles using hyper baric oxygenation (HBO) as technique of small bowel preservation for transplant and quality of the preservation. METHODS: Database Medline and Scielo were checked at www.pubmed.com and www.bireme.br, with 58 works selected. Solutions supplying oxidative substratum to the cells and adding substances to prevent or reduce the formation of reactive oxygen, is the main source of preservation. The hypothermia and solutions oxygenation are in current use. Nine papers studied the specific use of the HBO. There is no consensus on its use in experimental works. However, these papers are not comparable, due to different methodologies and types of evaluation. One also argues the complexity and the costs of the HBO. In spite of that, there are evidences that the HBO can prevent hypothermia edema, keep the tecidual oxygenation during the preservation and hinder or diminish the formation of free radicals. CONCLUSION: HBO must be considered as the unique alternative or complementary technique in the preservation of the small bowell for transplant.

Effect of different periods of hyperbaric oxygen on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat skeletal muscle.

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on ischemia-reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle, applied during different periods, was studied in 56 male rats. Animals were subjected to 6-h ischemia by a tourniquet over the major femoral trocanter and 4 (A) or 24 (B) h of reperfusion. HBO was carried out during 1 h in an acrylic chamber at a pressure of 2.0 ATA (100% oxygen): in the last 60 min of ischemia (II), after ischemia, during 1-h reperfusion time (III), and during the last hour of ischemia plus 1-h reperfusion (IV). Group I was the control group. After 4- or 24-h reperfusion, samples of the soleus muscle were stained by H&E and analyzed immunohistochemically. No interstitial hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltrate, or cellular necrosis were induced by HBO. The apoptosis index did not differ among the groups. HBO reduced morphologic alterations and promoted better results when administered in the ischemia plus reperfusion period (GIV).

Estudo do reparo do ferimento de colon com o lado seroso da parede de jejuno, utilizando cianoacrilato e cola de fibrina / Study of repair of rat's colon wound whith serosal of jejunal wall using cyanoacrylate and fibrin glue

OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito do cianoacrilato e da cola de fibrina como adesivo das bordas do ferimento de cólon reparado com o lado seroso da parede de jejuno. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 45 ratos wistar adultos jovens, machos , com peso médio de 260 gramas procedentes do Biotério Central da Universidade Estadual de Maringá.Os animais foram submetidos a procedimento operatório sob sedação com thiopental para produção de ferimento pradonizado de 0,5 cm distante caudalmente a 2 cm do ceco que foi reparado no grupo I pelo lado seroso da parede de jejuno e sutura, no grupo II, pelo lado seroso da parede de jejuno e cola de fibrina, e o grupo III pelo lado seroso da parede de jejuno e cianoacrilato. No 4° dia de pós-operatório os animais foram submetidos a um enema opaco, para estudo o de estenose. No 7° dia de pós-operatório os animais foram submetidos a laparotomia sob sedação para estudo macroscópico da cavidade , e coleta dos segmentos que foram processados para análise microscópica. RESULTADOS: A cola de fibrina teve uma tendência de ser melhor reparadora, estimulando a proliferação de fibras de colágeno a partir da borda da ferida. CONCLUSÃO: O experimento demonstrou que o ferimento em cólon de rato pode ser reparado pelo lado seroso da parede de jejuno colado às bordas da ferida por cola de fibrina ou cianoacrilato.

Esclerose de pequenos vasos venosos com corrente elétrica galvânica ponteada, em orelhas de coelhos / Galvanic electric sharp stream and the sclerosis of marginal veins in the ear of rabbits

Foi idealizado e construido um aparelho que utiliza a corrente elétrica galvânica em baixa amperagem (100m A ,200m A, 300m A) com o propósito de causar esclerose em vasos venosos de pequeno calibre, utilizando a veia marginal da orelha direita do coelho. O presente estudo buscou verificar em modelo experimental, o efeito da corrente elétrica galvânica em baixa amperagem. Foram utilizados 45 coelhos Nova Zelandia, distribuídos em 3 grupos de 15 animais , sendo utilizada a orelha esquerda como controle e a orelha direita como experimento. No grupo experimento os animais do grupo I foram submetidos à corrente elétrica galvânica de 100m A , no grupo II à 200m A, e no grupo III à 300m . No grupo controle, os animais foram submetidos somente ao procedimento mecânico de aplicaçäo da agulha ao longo da veia marginal da orelha esquerda, sendo realizado uma, duas e três aplicaçöes com intervalo de sete dias entre cada aplicaçäo. Todos os animais foram avaliados quatorze dias após a última aplicaçäo, em aspectos macro e microscópicos. Os resultados mostraram que, tanto a corrente elétrica galvânica em baixa amperagem, quanto o simples trauma mecânico da agulha, näo säo capazes de produzir esclerose na veia marginal da orelha do coelho que seja estatisticamente significante.