RESUMO
Stress is a part of everyday life, but excessive stress can be related to diverse diseases. Recently, oral intake of a non-centrifuged cane sugar, Kokuto, was reported to produce potential anti-stress effects in humans. However, the molecular components associated with the anti-stress property of Kokuto remain mostly unknown. Therefore, we focused on the non-sugar component (NSC) fractions of Kokuto, and investigated how serum corticosterone level (used as a stress marker) and antioxidant activity were affected in restraint-stressed mice treated with NSC fractions obtained from the elusion on HP-20 resin with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% aqueous methanol (MeOH) solutions. Among the four NSC fractions, the 50% MeOH fraction showed a high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. Moreover, oral administration of the 50% MeOH fraction suppressed both corticosterone secretion into the serum and reduction of antioxidant activity in serum and liver in restraint-stressed mice. Component analysis of the 50% MeOH fraction identified five antioxidative phenolic compounds: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, and p-coumaric acid. Phenolic compounds detected in the NSC fractions of Kokuto might contribute to the anti-stress property of Kokuto. In addition, this research provides more understanding of potential health benefits offered by the constituents of Kokuto.
Assuntos
Sacarose Alimentar/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Sacarose Alimentar/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Saccharum/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate between movement patterns of trunk extension from full unloaded flexion and lifting techniques, which could provide valuable information to physical therapists, doctors of chiropractic, and other manual therapists. METHODS: A within-participant study design was used. Whole-body kinematic and kinetic data during lifting and full trunk flexion were collected from 16 healthy male participants using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Systems). To evaluate the relationships of joint movement between lifting and full trunk flexion, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the amount of change in the lumbar extension angle during the first half of the lifting trials and lumbar movement during unloaded trunk flexion and extension. However, the amount of change in the lumbar extension angle during lifting was significantly negatively correlated with hip movement during unloaded trunk flexion and extension (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings that the maximum hip flexion angle during full trunk flexion had a greater influence on kinematics of lumbar-hip complex during lifting provides new insight into human movement during lifting. All study participants were healthy men; thus, findings are limited to this group.
Assuntos
Vértebras Lombares/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Remoção , Região Lombossacral/fisiologia , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to examine whether central command increases oxygenation in non-contracting arm muscles during contralateral one-armed cranking and whether the oxygenation response caused by central command differs among skeletal muscles of the non-exercising upper limb. In 13 male subjects, the relative changes in oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) of the non-contracting arm muscles [the anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and extensor carpi radialis (ECR)] were measured during voluntary one-armed cranking (intensity, 35-40% of maximal voluntary effort) and mental imagery of the one-armed exercise for 1 min. Voluntary one-armed cranking increased (P < 0.05) the Oxy-Hb of the triceps, biceps, and ECR muscles to the same extent (15 ± 4% of the baseline level, 17 ± 5%, and 16 ± 4%, respectively). The greatest increase in the Oxy-Hb was observed in the deltoid muscle. Intravenous injection of atropine (10-15 µg/kg) and/or propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) revealed that the increased Oxy-Hb of the arm muscles consisted of the rapid atropine-sensitive and delayed propranolol-sensitive components. Mental imagery of the exercise increased the Oxy-Hb of the arm muscles. Motor-driven passive one-armed cranking had little influence on the Oxy-Hb of the arm muscles. It is likely that central command plays a role in the initial increase in oxygenation in the non-contracting arm muscles via sympathetic cholinergic vasodilatation at the early period of one-armed cranking. The centrally induced increase in oxygenation may not be different among the distal arm muscles but may augment in the deltoid muscle.
Assuntos
Braço/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Adulto , Atropina/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Propranolol/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a relatively rare disease that involves bowel obstruction symptoms, such as vomiting and gastric distension, owing to the compression of the third portion of the duodenum from the front by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and from the rear by the abdominal aorta and the spine. SMAS is diagnosed on the basis of an upper gastrointestinal examination series indicating the obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum or a computed tomography scan indicating the narrowing of the branch angle between the aorta and the SMA (i.e., the aorta-SMA angle). Here, we report the case of a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with SMAS after a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer, whose condition was improved by enteral nutritional therapy. We used her controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score as a nutrition assessment and noted the changes in the aorta-SMA angle over the course of the disease. This patient appeared to develop SMAS, on the basis of a worsened CONUT score and a decreased aorta-SMA angle, owing to the inflammation resulting from the intraoperative dissection of the tissues around the SMA and prolonged postoperative fasting. After the initiation of enteral nutritional therapy, the patient exhibited body weight gain and an improved aorta-SMA angle and CONUT score. Hence, assessment of the aorta-SMA angle and CONUT score is an important preoperative consideration.
RESUMO
This study investigated the effects of applied nitrogen amounts on specific functional components in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves. The relationships between mineral elements and the functional components in mulberry leaves were examined using mulberry trees cultivated in different soil conditions in four cultured fields. Then, the relationships between the nitrogen levels and the leaf functional components were studied by culturing mulberry in plastic pots and experimental fields. In the common cultured fields, total nitrogen was negatively correlated with the chlorogenic acid content (R(2) = -0.48) and positively correlated with the 1-deoxynojirimycin content (R(2) = 0.60). Additionally, differences in nitrogen fertilizer application levels affected each functional component in mulberry leaves. For instance, with increased nitrogen levels, the chlorogenic acid and flavonol contents significantly decreased, but the 1-deoxynojirimycin content significantly increased. Selection of the optimal nitrogen application level is necessary to obtain the desired functional components from mulberry leaves.
Assuntos
Morus/química , Nitrogênio/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , 1-Desoxinojirimicina/análise , 1-Desoxinojirimicina/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Fertilizantes/análise , Morus/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Solo/químicaRESUMO
A 65-year-old woman with a history of constipation presented at our hospital and was subsequently diagnosed with advanced cecum cancer. We performed laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in January 2009, with pathological findings reveal- ing the presence of Stage III b (pT3, pN3, cM0, Cur A) disease. The patient was treated with a uracil/tegafur plus Leucovorin (UFT/LV) adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for six months. In June 2010, bold examination indicated an elevated level of tumor marker CA19-9. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT revealed Virchow's and para-aortic lymph node metastasis. Therapy with XELOX and bevacizumab (Bmab) was administered and continued for 10 cycles. Capecitabine+Bmab treatment was also administered for 11 courses due to an adverse event of peripheral neuropathy. Follow-up revealed both the Virchow's and para-aortic lymph node metastasis had disappeared upon completion of treatment. In November, 2011 the patient was considered to have achieved a clinical complete response (CR) and continues to be followed with no further disease progression.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Ceco/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab , Capecitabina , Neoplasias do Ceco/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Oxaloacetatos , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
We have demonstrated the centrally induced cholinergic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle at the early period of voluntary one-legged exercise and during motor imagery in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine whether central command may also cause ß-adrenergic vasodilatation during the exercise and motor imagery. Relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) of bilateral vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, as index of tissue blood flow, and femoral blood flow to nonexercising limb were measured during one-legged cycling and mental imagery of the exercise for 1 min before and after propranolol (0.1 mg/kg iv). The Oxy-Hb of noncontracting muscle increased (P < 0.05) at the early period of exercise and the increase was sustained throughout exercise, whereas the Oxy-Hb of contracting muscle increased at the early period but thereafter decreased. We subtracted the Oxy-Hb response with propranolol from the control response in individual subjects to identify the propranolol-sensitive component of the Oxy-Hb response during exercise. In both noncontracting and contracting VL muscles, the increase in Oxy-Hb at the early period of one-legged exercise did not involve a significant propranolol-sensitive component. However, as the exercise proceeded, the propranolol-sensitive component of the Oxy-Hb response was developed during the later period of exercise. Propranolol also failed to affect the initial increases in femoral blood flow and vascular conductance of nonexercising leg but significantly attenuated (P < 0.05) their later increases during exercise. Subsequent atropine (10-15 µg/kg iv) abolished the initial increases in Oxy-Hb of both VL muscles. Mental imagery of the one-legged exercise caused the bilateral increases in Oxy-Hb, which were not altered by propranolol but abolished by subsequent atropine. It is likely that the rapid cholinergic and delayed ß-adrenergic vasodilator mechanisms cooperate to increase muscle blood flow during exercise.
RESUMO
The auditory illusory perception "scale illusion" occurs when a tone of ascending scale is presented in one ear, a tone of descending scale is presented simultaneously in the other ear, and vice versa. Most listeners hear illusory percepts of smooth pitch contours of the higher half of the scale in the right ear and the lower half in the left ear. Little is known about neural processes underlying the scale illusion. In this magnetoencephalographic study, we recorded steady-state responses to amplitude-modulated short tones having illusion-inducing pitch sequences, where the sound level of the modulated tones was manipulated to decrease monotonically with increase in pitch. The steady-state responses were decomposed into right- and left-sound components by means of separate modulation frequencies. It was found that the time course of the magnitude of response components of illusion-perceiving listeners was significantly correlated with smooth pitch contour of illusory percepts and that the time course of response components of stimulus-perceiving listeners was significantly correlated with discontinuous pitch contour of stimulus percepts in addition to the contour of illusory percepts. The results suggest that the percept of illusory pitch sequence was represented in the neural activity in or near the primary auditory cortex, i.e., the site of generation of auditory steady-state response, and that perception of scale illusion is maintained by automatic low-level processing.
Assuntos
Córtex Auditivo/fisiologia , Audição/fisiologia , Ilusões/fisiologia , Percepção da Altura Sonora/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Humanos , Magnetoencefalografia , Fatores de Tempo , Análise de Ondaletas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To facilitate the development of bio-based chemicals from renewable and inexpensive natural resources, we sought to produce biosurfactants using non-edible jatropha oil. Twenty yeasts known to produce biosurfactants were tested in this study, and Stamerella bombicola NBRC 10243 was found to use jatropha oil efficiently to produce sophorolipids (SLs) as a mixture of lactone-form SL (L-SL) and acid-form SL (A-SL). Under culture conditions using rice bran as the source of organic nutrients, the yield of SLs reached 122.6 g/L in 5-L jar fermentors after 9 d in culture. HPLC analysis of the culture medium showed that the levels of phorbol esters (PEs), major toxic components of the oil, decreased markedly with an increase in culture time, suggesting that the yeast degrades PEs. Although the SLs obtained by solvent extraction of the culture medium contained a small amount of PEs, the sodium salt of A-SL (A-SL-Na) obtained by alkaline treatment (5N NaOH, 80°C) showed no PE peaks upon HPLC analysis. A-SL-Na had excellent surface activity with low CMC (9.0×10â»4 M) and γ(CMC) (29.6 mN/m), which are lower than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The solubilizing ability of A-SL-Na toward for octanoic acid ([octanoic acid]/[A-SL-Na]) was found to be 2.0, which is half that of SDS. Our findings should help improve SL production from non-edible feedstock and broaden the use of promising bio-based surfactants.
Assuntos
Vias Biossintéticas , Glicolipídeos/biossíntese , Jatropha , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismo , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Técnicas de Cultura , Glicolipídeos/química , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Conformação Molecular , Ésteres de Forbol/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Leveduras/metabolismoRESUMO
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Genetic variability in monoecious woody plant populations results from the assemblage of individuals issued from asymmetrical male and female reproductive functions, produced during spatially and temporarily heterogeneous reproductive and dispersal events. Here we investigated the dispersal patterns and levels of genetic diversity and differentiation of both paternal and maternal gametes in a natural population of Pinus densiflora at the multiple-year scale as long as five consecutive years. ⢠METHODS: We analyzed the paternity and maternity for 1576 seeds and 454 candidate adult trees using nuclear DNA polymorphisms of diploid biparental embryos and haploid maternal megagametophytes at eight microsatellite loci. ⢠KEY RESULTS: Despite the low levels of genetic differentiation among gamete groups, a two-way AMOVA analysis showed that the parental origin (paternal vs. maternal gametes), the year of gamete production and their interaction had significant effects on the genetic composition of the seeds. While maternal gamete groups showed a significant FST value across the 5 years, this was not true for their paternal counterparts. Within the population, we found that the relative reproductive contributions of the paternal vs. the maternal parent differed among adult trees, the maternal contributions showing a larger year-to-year fluctuation. ⢠CONCLUSIONS: The overall genetic variability of dispersed seeds appeared to result from two sources of heterogeneity: the difference between paternal and maternal patterns of reproduction and gamete dispersal and year-to-year heterogeneity of reproduction of adult trees, especially in their maternal reproduction.
Assuntos
Fluxo Gênico , Variação Genética , Pinus/genética , Sementes/genética , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Óvulo Vegetal/genética , Óvulo Vegetal/fisiologia , Pinus/fisiologia , Pólen/genética , Pólen/fisiologia , Reprodução , Dispersão de Sementes , Sementes/fisiologia , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Sugarcane molasses is a rich source of antioxidant materials with peroxyl radical scavenging effects. To explore the potent antioxidant activity of sugarcane molasses against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced peroxyl radicals, 7 methanolic fractions of sugarcane molasses (F1-F7) were separated via bioassay-guided fractionation and evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and oxidative DNA damage protective activity assays. The ORAC values of sugarcane molasses fractions ranged from 4399 to 6,266 µmol TE/g, whilst the EC50 values for CAA ranged from 3.7 to 5.9 µg/ml. Moreover, it was found that sugarcane molasses fractions, particularly F6 and F7, could protect against oxidative DNA damage caused by peroxyl radicals at an effective concentration of 100 µg/ml. Ten phenolic constituents were identified in the fractions, including known antioxidative compounds, viz., schaftoside, isoschaftoside, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Assuntos
Amidinas/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Melaço/análise , Peróxidos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Saccharum/química , Amidinas/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Humanos , Peróxidos/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
We developed and validated a new high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for electrochemically detecting guaiacol and vanillin as important components in vanilla extract. Separation was achieved with Capcell Pak C-18 MG, the potential of the working electrode being set at +1000 mV. The respective calibration curves for guaiacol and vanillin were linear in the range of 1.60-460 µg/L and 5.90-1180 µg/L. The respective limits for the quantities of guaiacol and vanillin were 1.60 µg/L and 2.36 µg/L. The related standard deviations of the intra- and inter-day precision of the retention time and peak area were all less than 4%. The recovery of guaiacol and vanillin was both more than 97%, all of the validation data being within an acceptable range. This analysis method is well suited for the simultaneous and convenient analysis of guaiacol and vanillin in a vanilla extract to evaluate the quality of the vanilla extract.
Assuntos
Benzaldeídos/análise , Benzaldeídos/química , Guaiacol/análise , Guaiacol/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Vanilla/química , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Eletroquímica , Feminino , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Guaiacol/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Odorantes/análise , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The key odorants of Tahitian vanilla beans (Vanilla tahitensis) were characterized by a sensory evaluation, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantification, and aroma reconstitution. Vanillin and anisaldehyde were identified in the same highest flavor dilution (FD) factor as the most characteristic odor-active compounds in Tahitian vanilla beans, followed by anisyl alcohol and anisyl acetate. Vanillin and anisyl alcohol were by far the most abundant odorants present with the highest concentration in the beans, followed by acetic acid, anisaldehyde, and anisyl acetate. A sensory evaluation of Tahitian vanilla beans and its reconstitute aroma concentrate characterized both samples as similar. These results indicated vanillin, anisaldehyde, anisyl alcohol, and anisyl acetate to be the key odorants in Tahitian vanilla beans. 3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione were identified for the first time in vanilla beans. ß-Damascenone and phenylacetic acid were identified for the first time in Tahitian vanilla beans.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Odorantes/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Vanilla/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sensação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The odor-active volatiles in Madagascar vanilla beans (Vanilla planiforia) of two grades, red whole beans as standard quality and cuts beans as substandard quality, were characterized by instrumental and sensory analyses. The higher contents of vanillin and ß-damascenone in red whole beans than in cuts beans respectively contributed to significant differences in the sweet and dried fruit-like notes, while the higher contents of guaiacol and 3-phenylpropanoic acid in cuts beans than in red whole beans respectively contributed to significant differences in the phenolic and metallic notes. A sensory evaluation to compare red whole beans and their reconstituted aroma characterized both samples as being similar, while in respect of the phenolic note, the reconstituted aroma significantly differed from the reconstituted aroma with guaiacol added at the concentration ratio of vanillin and guaiacol in cuts beans. It is suggested from these results that the concentration ratio of vanillin and guaiacol could be used as an index for the quality of Madagascar vanilla beans.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Odorantes/análise , Vanilla/química , Benzaldeídos/análise , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Guaiacol/análise , Guaiacol/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sensação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To identify plants with bioactive potential for skin care, methanol extracts of 56 plant parts from 47 medical and edible plants cultivated in Okinawa were tested for their proliferative effects on NB1RGB skin fibroblast cells. Extracts from six plants, Bischofia javanica, Colocasia esculenta, Melaleuca alternifolia, Piper angustifolia, Jasminum sambac, and Curcuma longa, showed higher NB1RGB cell proliferation activity (>10%) than the control, at various concentrations. Among the six extracts, only the C. longa extract caused an increase in collagen synthesis in NB1RGB cells, as compared to treatment with the positive control, ascorbic acid (AsA). Expression of the collagen synthesis marker, transforming growth factor-ß1, was higher after treatment with the C. longa extract than with AsA.
Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo I/biossíntese , Fibroblastos/citologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Pele/citologia , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , JapãoRESUMO
To understand the detailed mechanisms underlying variations in seed productivity per cone, it is important to examine simultaneously the effects of two pollination mode components (pollen supply and quality) on two seed production processes (seed formation and maturation). We conducted artificial pollination experiments with four pollination treatments (selfing, polycross, no-pollination and open-pollination treatments) in each of two vertical crown layers (upper and lower) for 19 Pinus densiflora ramets. We measured formed seeds as a proportion of ovules (P(Form)), and filled seeds as a proportion of formed seeds (P(Fill)) per cone in each treatment and layer, and inferred the relative influences of pollination mode and resource availability on seed productivity. In the no-pollination treatment, no seeds were formed in any cones of all five ramets. The Generalized Linear Model showed that there were no significant differences in P(Form) both between selfing and polycross treatments and upper and lower layers. The mean P(Fill) values in the selfing treatment were significantly lower than those in the polycross treatment in both layers. The mean P(Fill)s of the two layers did not differ significantly in the selfing treatment, but did in the open-pollination and polycross treatments. The results show that pollen supply affects mainly seed formation, whereas pollen quality affects mainly seed maturation. Resource availability also affects mainly seed maturation, if pollen quality is higher than a certain threshold.
Assuntos
Pinus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pinus/genética , Pólen/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polinização , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Genótipo , Japão , Modelos Biológicos , AutofertilizaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: As a project of the Kanagawa Colorectal Cancer Study Group, we performed this study to analyze the efficacy and the safety of modified FOLFIRI (irinotecan: 150 mg/m2) therapy for Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We treated PS 0-1 Japanese patients with measurable or assessable colorectal cancer who either had not received preliminary treatment, or were postoperative with metastasis and had undergone radiation therapy or adjuvant chemotherapy before more than four weeks, and further had provided written acceptance of our proposed procedures. Twenty patients received modified FOLFIRI therapy as a 2-hour infusion of CPT-11 150 mg/m/2 and l-LV 200 mg/m2 followed by a bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m/2 and 46-hour infusion 5-FU 2, 400 mg/m2. Tumor response was assessed by RECIST and toxicity by NCI-CTC. RESULTS: Thirty males and seven females underwent an average 10 courses of treatment. This therapy achieved a 50% response rate, 80%disease-control rate, and 316+/-40 days PHS. Regarding hematological toxicity, 11 patients (55%) experienced leukemia, which developed to grade 3/4 in 5 (25%) of them. Twelve patients (65%) experienced neutropenia, which developed to grade 3/4 in 10 (50%) of them. Digestive toxicity was observed in 16 patients (80%), which developed to grade 3/4 in only one patient (5%) with gastric ulcer. Six patients (30%) experienced alopecia, which was grade 1/2 only. CONCLUSION: This clinical study was safely carried out. The efficacy was as good as in previous reports using a regular dose of CPT-11.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Povo Asiático , Camptotecina/efeitos adversos , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Camptotecina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Leucovorina/efeitos adversos , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Aloe vela leaf gel extract (AGE) are widely used as cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients because of its versatile skin care properties. In order to enhance the bioavailability of AGE, liposomes encapsulating AGE were prepared and examined for their interfacial and biochemical properties. The liposomes prepared from a soybean lecithin (SLP-WHITE, 1.0 wt%) by the Bangham method gave relatively a good trapping efficiency up to the AGE concentration of 0.5 wt%. The stable liposomes were then prepared from 1.0 wt% of SLP-WHITE and different concentrations of AGE by the mechanochemical method using a homogenizer and microfluidizer. The liposomes obtained from 0.25 wt% of AGE were confirmed to be small unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of less than 200 nm, and remained well dispersed for at least two weeks. The obtained liposomes encapsulating AGE were further examined for the effects on proliferation and type I collagen synthesis in normal human neonatal skin fibroblasts, NB1RGB cells. Liposomal AGE clearly showed higher proliferation rate than that of AGE alone. In addition, compared to the control, liposomal AGE significantly increased the collagen synthesis by 23%, while AGE alone showed a small effect. Liposomal AGE was also assayed for the effect on proliferation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, NHEK(F) cells. Interestingly, liposomal AGE fractions containing 4 and 20 microg/mL of the extract considerably increased the proliferation rate by 77% and 101%, respectively. In contrast, AGE alone fractions containing 4 and 20 microg/mL of the extract increased the rate by 41% and 60%, respectively. Accordingly, the bioavailability and skin care properties of AGE will be significantly enhanced by liposome encapsulation, and the present liposomal AGE should have a great potential as an effective skin care formulation.
Assuntos
Aloe/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno/biossíntese , Lipossomos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Técnica de Fratura por Congelamento , Queratinócitos/citologia , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula , Folhas de Planta/química , Pele/citologiaRESUMO
To enhance the curcumin absorption by oral administration, liposome-encapsulated curcumin (LEC) was prepared from commercially available lecithins (SLP-WHITE and SLP-PC70) and examined for its interfacial and biochemical properties. A LEC prepared from 5 wt % of SLP-PC70 and 2.5 wt % of curcumin gave a good dispersibility with 68.0% encapsulation efficiency for curcumin, while those from SLP-WHITE did not. Moreover, the resulting LEC using SLP-PC70 was confirmed to be composed of small unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of approximately 263 nm. The resulting LEC was then examined for its effect on bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Three forms of curcumin [curcumin, a mixture of curcumin and SLP-PC70 (lecithin), and LEC] were then administered orally to SD rats at a dose of 100 mg curcumin/kg body weight. The pharmacokinetic parameters following curcumin administration were determined in each form. Pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of LEC were compared to those of curcumin and a mixture of curcumin and lecithin. High bioavailability of curcumin was evident in the case of oral LEC; a faster rate and better absorption of curcumin were observed as compared to the other forms. Oral LEC gave higher C(max) and shorter T(max) values, as well as a higher value for the area under the blood concentration-time curve, at all time points. These results indicated that curcumin enhanced the gastrointestinal absorption by liposomes encapsulation. Interestingly, the plasma antioxidant activity following oral LEC was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. In addition, the plasma curcumin concentration was significantly correlated to plasma antioxidant activities, and enhanced curcumin plasma concentrations might exert a stronger influence on food functionality of curcumin. The available information strongly suggests that liposome encapsulation of ingredients such as curcumin may be used as a novel nutrient delivery system.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Curcumina/farmacologia , Técnica de Fratura por Congelamento , Absorção Intestinal , Lecitinas , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
In order to use liposomes as an efficient carrier of functional food materials, liposomes encapsulating a ukon extract (LUE) were prepared by the mechanochemical method under different conditions, and were physico-chemically and biochemically characterized. After a homogenization treatment, the size of LUE decreased with decreasing concentration of the extract from 10 to 2.5 wt %, but did not decrease below 570 nm. LUE were thus subjected to microfluidization. The LUE solutions obtained from less than 5 wt % of the extract remained well dispersed for at least 14 d, whereas those from 10 wt % showed phase separation. With 5 wt % of the extract, the size of LUE obtained at an inlet pressure of 100 MPa was smaller than that obtained at 20 MPa, and reached below 180 nm. Under optimal conditions, resulting LUE was confirmed to be small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) with a diameter of approximately 100 nm by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM). When used for treating simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, LUE obtained by microfluidization showed a 2-fold higher residual rate of curcumin than the uncapsuled extract itself. The bioactivity of LUE was further examined for its suppressive effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver injury by using mice. Orally administrated LUE at a dose of 10 mg/kg as the extract had a much higher suppressive effect on the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, compared to the uncapsuled extract at a dose of 33 mg/kg.