Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on liver histopathology, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats submitted to a diet rich in cholesterol and carbohydrates.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. METHODS: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. RESULTS: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.

Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on liver histopathology, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in rats submitted to a diet rich in cholesterol and carbohydrates

Purpose: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. Methods: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. Results: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. Conclusions: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.

Conduta nutricional no trauma para o clínico / Conduct in nutrition on trauma for clinical

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Trauma é um evento agudo que altera a homeostase do organismo, por desencadear reações neuroendócrinas e imunológicas que visam a manutenção da volemia, do débito cardíaco, da oxigenação tecidual e da oferta e utilização de substratos energéticos. Todas têm em comum um evento inicial agudo, alterando todo o equilíbrio do organismo e uma resposta fisiopatológica complexa. O objetivo deste estudo foi alertar sobre as necessidades energético-proteicas no trauma, consumo metabólico,formas mais seguras de administração da dieta e as possíveis complicações do suporte nutricional inadequado nessas situações. CONTEÚDO: A nutrição deve ser integrada no tratamento global do paciente criticamente doente a fim de minimizar as complicações de um tratamento mais prolongado. As prioridades imediatas após o trauma são: reanimação volêmica, oxigenação e a interrupção da hemorragia. Associados a esses fatores estão o estado hiperdinâmico da resposta ao trauma, bem como a dor, febre, exposição ao frio, acidose e hipovolemia, e possíveis infecções, aumentando a demanda metabólica. O suporte nutricional é parte essencial do tratamento metabólico desses pacientes. Ele deve ser instituído antes que haja perda significativa de peso, de preferência nas primeiras 24h da admissão no hospital, através de dietas orais ou enterais preferencialmente e parenterais, quando necessário. CONCLUSÃO: Uma dieta bem administrada é capaz de manter a massa celular corporal e a limitação da perda de peso a menos de 10% do peso na pré-lesão. O importante é o paciente ser constantemente reavaliado para ajuste da dieta de acordo com as necessidades diárias. Dentre as consequências de uma inadequada abordagem destes pacientes, tem-se a síndrome de realimentação, a cetose e a desnutrição.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Trauma is an acute event that alters the body's homeostasis, neuroendocrine and for triggering immune responses aimed at maintaining blood volume, cardiac output, tissue oxygenation and the supply and use of energy substrates. All have in common an acute initial event, changing the whole balance of the body and a complex pathophysiological response. The objective of this study was to make aware of the protein-energy needs in trauma, metabolic consumption, the bests ways of diet administration and the possible complications of inadequate nutritional support in these situations. CONTENTS: Nutrition must be integrated into the overal ltreatment of critically ill patients in order to minimize the complications of a longer treatment. The immediate priorities are thefollowing trauma fluid resuscitation, oxygenation and stopping the bleeding. These factors are associated with the state of a hyperdynamic response to trauma, as well as pain, fever, exposure to cold, acidosis and hypovolemia, and possible infections, increasing the metabolic demand. Nutritional support is an essential part of the metabolic treatment of these patients. It must be established before there is significant loss of weight, preferably within 24 hours of admission to the hospital, through diet or oral enteral and parenteral preferably when necessary. CONCLUSION: A well-managed diet is able to maintain body cell mass and limiting the weight loss to less than 10% weight inthe pre-injury. The important thing is to be constantly reassessed the patient to adjust the diet according to the daily needs. Among the consequences of an inadequate approach to these patients, are: Refeeding syndrome, ketosis, and malnutrition.