Associations Among Outdoor Time, Skin Tanning, and the Risk of Surgically Treated Cataract for Australians 45 to 65 Years of Age.

Purpose: To investigate the association between outdoor time and the risk of cataract surgery in a large Australian population. Methods: This was a population-based prospective cohort study with 137,133 participants 45 to 65 years of age and without prior history of cataract surgery from the 45 and Up Study. Outdoor hours per day on weekdays and weekends, as well as tanning with repeated sun exposure, were assessed by a self-administered baseline questionnaire. Cataract surgery events were confirmed by the Medicare Benefits Schedule from baseline until the end of follow-up in 2016. Results: During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 14,338 participants received cataract surgery with a corresponding incidence of 10.5%. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that more outdoor hours on weekends (P trend < 0.001) and the ability to get tanned by repeated sun exposure (P trend = 0.041) were significantly associated with a lower risk of cataract surgery, whereas more outdoor hours on weekdays were nominally significantly associated (P trend = 0.055). Participants who spent 10+ hours outdoors on weekends had 9% decreased risk compared with those who spent ≤2 hours outdoors. In addition, compared to participants who got very tanned by repeated sun exposure, those less likely to get tanned had a 5% to 7% increased risk of cataract surgery. Conclusions: In this large Australian cohort 45 to 65 years of age, more outdoor time and ease of tanning with sun exposure were associated with a lower incidence of cataract surgery. Translational Relevance: With proper sun protection, more outdoor time may lead to a lower risk of severe cataracts requiring surgery.

[Clinical study of diabetic retinopathy treated by compound danshen dripping pills].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of compound danshen dripping pills in visual function recovery of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: 42 patients(78 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy of I-III phase were divided into two groups in random. 43 eyes were treated with compound danshen dripping pills and the other 35 eyes with vitamin BI and Luding C for three months. The visual acuity, fundus, visual field, fundus fluorescein angiography and visual electro-physiology were observed. RESULTS: The visual acuity in treated group were significantly improved after treatment and had significant difference with those in control group (P < 0.05). The number of micro-hemorrage, microaneurysm and the mean defect (MD) of visual field in treated group decreased obviously after treatment and had significant difference with that in control group (P < 0.05). The latent period of P100 wave and a, b wave in treated group were shorter than control group, and the wave amplitude were higher than that in control group. CONCLUSION: The compound danshen dripping pills can improve the visual acuity, control the micro-hemorrage and microaneurysm of fundus and have the effect in visual function recovery of diabetic retinopathy.