Antibacterial Activity of Plants in Cirsium: A Comprehensive Review.

As ethnic medicine, the whole grass of plants in Cirsium was used as antimicrobial. This review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of plants in Cirsium, including antimicrobial components, against different types of microbes and bacteriostatic mechanism. The results showed that the main antimicrobial activity components in Cirsium plants were flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic acids, and the antimicrobial ability varied according to the species and the content of chemicals. Among them, phenolic acids showed a strong antibacterial ability against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium. The antibacterial mechanisms include: (1) damaging the cell membrane, cell walls, mitochondria and nucleus of bacteria; (2) inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids; (3) suppressing the synthesis of enzymes for tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and glycolysis, and then killing the bacteria via inhibition of energy production. Totally, most research results on antimicrobial activity of Cirsium plants are reported based on in vitro assays. The evidence from clinical data and comprehensive evaluation are needed.

[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in treatment of influenza].

This study aims to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules in the treatment of influenza. The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules alone or in combination with conventional western medicine for treating influenza were retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and ClinicalTrails.gov. The data analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4.1. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the involved RCT, and GRADEpro GDT to assess the quality of the evidence. A total of 11 RCTs involving 1 836 patients were included in this study. Compared with conventional western medicine, Shufeng Jiedu Capsules/Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine improved the response rate(RR=1.09, 95%CI[1.03, 1.15], P=0.002), shortened the time to relief of cough, and increased the 3-day sore throat relief rate, whereas there was no significant difference in the time to fever abatement, the time to relief of sore throat, 3-day cough relief rate, or 3-day runny nose relief rate. Subgroup-analysis showed that Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine improved the response rate(RR=1.11, 95%CI[1.08, 1.15], P<0.000 01), shortened the time to relief of cough, and increased the 3-day relief rate of symptoms(cough, sore throat, and runny nose) compared with conventional western medicine alone, while there was no significant difference in the time to fever abatement or the time to relief of sore throat. Shufeng Jiedu Capsules alone could not improve the response rate(RR=0.97, 95%CI[0.93, 1.02], P=0.19). In addition, Shufeng Jiedu Capsules/Shufeng Jiedu Capsules + conventional western medicine vs conventional western medicine were no significant difference in adverse reactions(RR=0.98, 95%CI[0.57, 1.69], P=0.95). The available evidence suggests that Shufeng Jiedu Capsules is effective and safe in the treatment of influenza, and the combination of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules with conventional western medicine can accelerate the relief of symptoms. However, since the number and quality of the included studies were low, the above findings remained to be further verified by multicenter RCT with large sample sizes.

Effect of hyperthermia on intestinal microecology, immune function, and progression-free survival in patients with advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma.

This study aims to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on intestinal microecology, immune function, and progression-free survival of patients with advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma. A total of twenty patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the study group received the advanced standard first-line treatment protocol, which included pemetrexed + cisplatin combined with sintilimab immunotherapy and hyperthermia. Additionally, twenty patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the control group received the advanced standard first-line treatment protocol, which included pemetrexed + cisplatin combined with sintilimab immunotherapy. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation and CD4/CD8 cell ratio of each sample were detected using flow cytometry. The intestinal flora was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study observed the changes in the abundance, distribution, composition, and structure of fecal gut microorganisms before and after the treatment in both groups of patients. Significant differences were observed in the intestinal flora between the two groups. The patients in the study group showed improved immunity after treatment, whereas there was no significant change in the immunity of the control group before and after treatment. However, the difference in progression-free survival between the two groups was not statistically significant. Hyperthermia has a significant impact on improving the microecology of intestinal flora and the immunity of patients, but it does not have a significant effect on prolonging the progression-free survival of patients.

Inhibitory Mechanism of Prenylated Flavonoids Isolated from Mulberry Leaves on α-Glucosidase by Multi-Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Flavonoids have always been considered as the chemical basis for the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaves. In the course of our search for hypoglycemic effect agents from natural sources, a systematic study was launched to explore prenylated flavonoids from mulberry leaves. Herein, chemical investigation led to the isolation of 10 characteristic prenylated flavonoids, including two new compounds (1 and 3). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. All compounds exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro, among which compound 2 had the best activity (IC50 = 2.6 µM), better than acarbose (IC50 = 19.6 µM). Additional in vivo tests have further demonstrated compound that compound 2 has a good ability to reduce postprandial blood glucose. Then, multi-spectroscopic methods and molecular simulation studies were used to study the inhibition mechanism. The results showed that compound 2 was a mixed inhibition of α-glucosidase and the binding process was spontaneous, with van der Waals forces as the main driving force, followed by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. The above studies enriched the chemical basis of mulberry leaves, and the application of computational chemistry also provided a reference for future research on such structures.

Feasibility of anterior lobe-preserving transurethral enucleation and resection of prostate on improving urinary incontinence in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A retrospective cohort study.

Transurethral enucleation and resection of prostate (TUERP), as one of the conventional surgical methods for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), usually resulted in pseudo urinary incontinence after surgery. The present study was thereby conducted to evaluate the feasibility of anterior lobe-preserving transurethral enucleation and resection of prostate (ALP-TUERP) on reducing the incidence rate of urinary incontinence after surgery in patients with BPH. Patients diagnosed with BPH underwent surgical treatment were enrolled in the present study within the inclusion criteria. Characteristics including age, prostate volume (before surgery), PSA level, maximum free flow rate, international prostate symptom score, and quality of life were reviewed and compared between the groups of ALP-TUERP and TUERP. Incidence rate of urinary incontinence on 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after catheter drawing was deemed as main outcome, which was compared between the groups. In addition, secondary outcomes including surgery time, difference value of hemoglobin before and after surgery (∆Hemoglobin), catheter retaining time, catheter flushing time, and incidence rate of recurrent bleeding were also compared between the groups. There were 81 patients included in the present study within the inclusion criteria. There was no statistical difference on the baseline characteristics including age, prostate volume (before surgery), PSA level, maximum free flow rate (before surgery), international prostate symptom score, or quality of life between the 2 groups. Statistical superiority was observed on the incidence rate of urinary incontinence on day 1 (χ2 = 9.375, P = .002), and day 3 (χ2 = 4.046, P = .044) in the group ALP-TUERP, when comparing to group TUERP. However, the difference was not observed anymore after 7 days after catheter drawing (P = .241 for day 7, P = .494 for day 14) between them. In addition, no statistical differences were observed on surgery time, difference value of hemoglobin before and after surgery (∆Hemoglobin), catheter retaining time, or catheter flushing time between the group ALP-TUERP and TUERP (all P > .05). Results of the present study demonstrated a potentially statistical superiority of ALP-TUERP on the reduction of incidence rate of urinary incontinence comparing to conventionally TUERP.

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients. RESULTS: Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD. CONCLUSIONS: Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Unusual N-pyridinium amino acid-type alkaloids from roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.

Two previously undescribed amino acid-type alkaloids with unusual N-pyridinium cation (1-2) and six known alkaloids (3-8), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnea. Their structures were characterized by UV, IR, NMR, and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were established through comparison of their experimental ECD spectra to the theoretical spectra of 2 calculated by TDDFT method. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of pyridinium was also proposed. Moreover, compound 4 exhibited weak XOD inhibitory activity with the inhibition rate of 65.8% at concentration of 10 µM.

Jujuboside A inhibits oxidative stress damage and enhances immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through up-regulating IDO expression.

Impaired immunomodulatory capacity and oxidative stress are the key factors limiting the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of jujuboside A (JuA) on the protective effect and immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Hydrogen peroxide was used to establish an oxidative damage model of hUC-MSCs, while PBMCs isolated from rats were used to evaluate the effect of JuA pre-treatment on the immunomodulatory capacity of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase test, measurement of malondialdehyde, Western blot, high-performance liquid chromatography; and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicated that JuA (25 µmol·L-1) promoted the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, but did not affect the differentiating capability of these cells. JuA pre-treatment inhibited apoptosis, prevented oxidative damage, and up-regulated the protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in hUC-MSCs in which oxidative stress was induced with H2O2. In addition, JuA pre-treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of hUC-MSCs against abnormally activated PBMCs, which was related to stimulation of the expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that JuA pre-treatment can enhance the survival and immunomodulatory ability through pathways related to oxidative stress, providing a new option for the improvement of hUC-MSCs in the clinical setting.

Icarisid II rescues cognitive dysfunction via activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Restoring the compromised neurogenesis has been served as a potential strategy to rescue cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we explored whether icarisid II (ICS II), a natural product possessing powerful neuroprotection, could recover the neurogenesis dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice, and investigated its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that oral administration of ICS II could alleviate cognitive injuries of APP/PS1 mice, promote hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as stimulate Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway confirmed by upregulated Wnt-3a, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (p-GSK-3ß), and ß-catenin. ICS II also depressed mitochondrial fission evidenced by upregulated Mitofusin 1 (Mfn 1) and Mitofusin 2 (Mfn 2), and downregulated mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis 1), mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-Drp 1). However, these effects of ICS II were blunted by XAV-939, an inhibitor of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, our findings revealed that ICS II could improve neurogenesis and inhibit mitochondrial fission via activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, which contributed to cognitive function restoration of APP/PS1 mice. This study discovered a novel mechanism involving neurogenesis regulation underlying the therapeutic effects of ICS II against AD.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae: A comprehensive review.

ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae (CJM) is the dry branch or stem bark of the Juglans mandshurica Maxim. and is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia and Africa. Its use was first recorded in Kaibao Bencao. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present review provides a deeper insight, better awareness and detailed knowledge of phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, along with clinical applications of Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae. METHODS: The relevant information of Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae was obtained from several databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI. The medical books, PhD and MSc dissertations in Chinese were also used to perform this work. RESULTS: CJM has been traditionally used against a wide range of diseases, including dysentery, acute conjunctivitis, bacterial infections, and cancer. A total of 249 compounds have been isolated from CJM; they mainly include quinones and their derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, diarylheptanoids, triterpenoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, and volatile oils. These compounds exert anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, anti-complement, immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic activities. Specifically, the effects of juglone, alkaloids and unsaturated fatty acid CJM components against hepatic cancer occur through exertion of apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. In addition, taxifolin and several tannins have been found to have anti-HIV activity, and (±)-juglanaloid A and (±)-juglanaloid B target Alzheimer disease. Quality control is monitored through identification of juglone, quercetin, and volatile oils. A clinical preparation of CJM, Compound Muji Granules, is used in the treatment of various liver diseases with good therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: While CJM has been used extensively as a folk medicine, the relationships between structure and activity remain unclear. More in vivo models are needed to study the pharmacological mechanisms of action and to assess potential toxic components, in addition to which the evidence used to demonstrate the quality standards of medicinal materials is clearly inadequate. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed to provide a reasonable scientific basis improve its clinical utilization.

Prenylated isoflavones from the roots of Flemingia philippinensis as potential inhibitors of ß-amyloid aggregation.

In our efforts to find potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in naturally occurring compounds, a systematic investigation for the active constituents of Flemingia philippinensis was carried out. Four new prenylated isoflavones, philippinone A-D (1-4), together with six known analogues (5-10), were obtained from the roots of Flemingia philippinensis. Their structures were established through extensive physical and spectroscopic data analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effect of self-induced Aß aggregation among which compound 5 showed significant Aß aggregation inhibitory ability with the inhibitory rate of 70.56%. The results of molecular docking experiment for compounds 1 and 6 corresponded to that of the thioflavin-T assay. Moreover, the results further clarified the effects of different substituent group of tested compounds on the Aß aggregation inhibition. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is further discussed. Our results suggested that the isoflavonoids may mitigate the progression of AD and compounds 2 and 5 may be a candidate in the treatment of AD.

[Overview of systematic reviews on Shenmai Injection in prevention and treatment of diseases].

To summarize and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai Injection in the treatment of viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease, neutropenia and tumor chemotherapy, so as to provide supportive evidences for clinical rational use of Shenmai Injection. By searching literatures about studies on the systematic reviews on Shenmai Injection in treatment of viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease, neutropenia and tumor chemotherapy from the main Chinese and English databases. Primary efficacy and safety outcome measures were selected for comparative analysis and summary, and the appraisal tool of AMSTAR 2 was used to evaluate the included studies.A total of 36 systematic reviews(published from 2005 to 2020) were included, involving viral myocarditis, shock, pulmonary heart disease, malignant tumor and coronary heart disease. The number of cases included in each type of the above diseases was 3 840, 2 484, 12 702, 28 036 and 27 082, respectively. The comparison results showed that, Shenmai Injection combined with conventional/western medicine treatment groups had better efficacy than conventional/western medicine groups alone in the prevention and treatment of the above five diseases. The main adverse reactions of Shenmai Injection reported in the included studies were facial flushing, rash, palpitation, etc., but the incidence was low and the general symptoms were mild, so no special treatment was needed. Therefore, the application of Shenmai Injection on the basis of conventional treatment or western medicine treatment had better prevention and treatment efficacy of the diseases. It was suggested that more multi-center and larger sample-size randomized controlled trials should be carried out in the future, and the relevant reporting standards should be strictly followed in systematic reviews, so as to improve the scientificity and transparency of the study.

[Overview of systematic reviews on Shuxuening Injection].

This study aimed to analyze the methodological quality of systematic reviews of Shuxuening Injection and evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of Shuxuening Injection in the treatment of different diseases,in order to provide supportive evidence for clinical practice. Three Chinese databases and three English databases were retrieved to identify systematic reviews and Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of Shuxuening Injection in the treatment of diseases. The AMSTAR 2( a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews,and tables were created to present the results of Meta-analyses. Twenty-four systematic reviews were included,all with very low methodological quality. Among the 16 AMSTAR-2 items,only 5 items had a compliance rate greater than 60. 0%,and 8 items had a compliance rate less than 50. 0%. For patients with cerebral infarction,Shuxuening Injection combined with conventional treatment was more effective than conventional treatment alone in terms of clinical efficiency and neurological deficit improvement. For patients with angina pectoris,Shuxuening Injection was superior to Danshen/Compound Danshen Injection in terms of the total effective rate of angina pectoris and total effective rate of ECG. The efficacy of Shuxuening Injection combined with conventional treatment is significantly better than conventional treatment.Shuxuening Injection( alone or combined with conventional treatments) was better than conventional treatments for cerebral hemorrhage,ischemic cerebrovascular disease,chronic pulmonary heart disease,vertigo and sudden deafness. Shuxuening Injection had better efficacy and lower incidence of adverse reactions,but the methodological quality of included systematic reviews was low. The results of this study still need to be verified by high-quality systematic reviews.

[Overview of systematic reviews of Qingkailing Injection].

Qingkailing Injection is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine injections with significant clinical application for the treatment of multiple diseases. This study aims to analyze the systematic reviews( SRs) of Qingkailing Injection,in order to provide reference for the clinical application of Qingkailing Injection and the development of relevant clinical practice guidelines. We searched CNKI,CBM,Wanfang,VIP,Pub Med,Cochrane Library and EMbase to collect SRs from the time of database establishment to August 2020. The eligible SRs were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality. The diseases,drugs in combinations and results were extracted and analyzed. A total of 24 SRs were selected,including 10 for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular diseases,9 for respiratory infections,2 for viral hepatitis,1 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and two for the adverse effects of Qingkailing Injection. Only three entries of AMSTAR 2 item were fully reported by over 70%,and the rest were reported by less than 70%,with no report about item 2,3 and 10. Twenty-nine outcome indicators were correlated with the included SRs,of which three mostly frequent outcomes were effectiveness,adverse reaction,and neurological deficit scores,showing a good efficacy of Qingkailing Injection. The common severe adverse reaction was anaphylaxis,and mild adverse reactions were skin and mucous membrane reactions. The most frequently combined drug was antibiotics,mainly Penicillin and Penicillin+Pioneeromycin. The existing evidences showed that the methodological quality of SRs of Qingkailing Injection needed to be improved and Qingkailing Injection had an obvious efficacy. However,the selection of outcome indicators for clinical trials and SRs shall be standardized,and the reporting of basic information,such as drug combination,shall be strengthened to provide more powerful clinical services.

Bioactive flavonoids from Rubus corchorifolius inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase to improve postprandial hyperglycemia.

This research established an optimized method for the extraction and enrichment of flavonoids from R. corchorifolius fruit. Under the optimized extraction conditions, 12 flavonoids (1-12) were isolated, of which six (2-4, 9-10, 12) were obtained from R. corchorifolius for the first time. Compound 4 showed significant α-glucosidase (4.96 µM) and α-amylase (8.04 µM) inhibitory effects. Molecular modeling revealed that compound 4 exhibits strong binding with the active sites of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis and surface plasmon resonance revealed the possible dynamic binding mechanism of the flavonoids with α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The enriched flavonoids and compound 4 showed significant hypoglycemic effects in mice administered a high dose of glucose. In this study, a variety of flavonoids with hypoglycemic activity were found for the first time, revealing the rich chemical composition of R. corchorifolius fruit and highlighting the potential value of R. corchorifolius fruit flavonoids as dietary supplements.

Association Between Vitamin D and Hyperuricemia Among Adults in the United States.

Background: Serum uric acid can act as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and as antioxidant defense. Vitamin D deficiency can activate the parathyroid to induce the release of parathyroid hormone, which was thought to increase serum uric acid level, and low vitamin D status may also be associated with risk of CVD. No known studies have explored the association between serum 25(OH) D, vitamin D intake, and HU for the American population. Methods: We extracted 15,723 US adults aged 20-85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2014. All dietary intakes were evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations after adjustment for confounders. Results: Compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), for males, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of HU in Q2 to Q4 of serum 25(OH) D levels were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65-0.93), 0.97 (0.81-1.16), and 0.72 (0.60-0.88); ORs in Q2-Q5 of total vitamin D intake were 0.83 (0.69-0.98), 0.69 (0.58-0.83), 0.66 (0.55-0.79), and 0.59 (0.48-0.71), respectively. In females, OR was 0.80 (0.66-0.97) of serum 25(OH) D for Q3, and ORs in Q5 of total vitamin D intake were 0.80 (0.65-0.98). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the serum 25(OH) D intakes of dietary vitamin D, supplemental vitamin D, and total vitamin D were inversely associated with HU in males. In females, a lower risk of HU with higher serum 25(OH) D, dietary vitamin D, and total vitamin D intake was found, but with no association between supplemental vitamin D intake and the risk of HU.

Resting-State Functional Connectivity Patterns Predict Acupuncture Treatment Response in Primary Dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a common complaint in women throughout the menstrual years. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in dysmenorrhea; however, there are large interindividual differences in patients' responses to acupuncture treatment. Fifty-four patients with PDM were recruited and randomized into real or sham acupuncture treatment groups (over the course of three menstrual cycles). Pain-related functional connectivity (FC) matrices were constructed at baseline and post-treatment period. The different neural mechanisms altered by real and sham acupuncture were detected with multivariate analysis of variance. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) based on a machine learning approach was used to explore whether the different FC patterns predicted the acupuncture treatment response in the PDM patients. The results showed that real but not sham acupuncture significantly relieved pain severity in PDM patients. Real and sham acupuncture displayed differences in FC alterations between the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) and sensorimotor network (SMN), the salience network (SN) and SMN, and the SN and default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, MVPA found that these FC patterns at baseline could predict the acupuncture treatment response in PDM patients. The present study verified differentially altered brain mechanisms underlying real and sham acupuncture in PDM patients and supported the use of neuroimaging biomarkers for individual-based precise acupuncture treatment in patients with PDM.

Multiflorumisides HK, stilbene glucosides isolated from Polygonum multiflorum and their in vitro PTP1B inhibitory activities.

A phytochemical study on a 70% EtOH extract of dried roots of Polygonum multiflorum resulted in the isolation of four undescribed stilbene glucosides, namely multiflorumisides HK (1-4). The structures of the natural products were elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as mass spectroscopy analyses. Among them, multiflorumiside J (3) and multiflorumiside K (4) belong to rare tetramer stilbene glucosides. Moreover, the in vitro inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were evaluated and the putative biosynthetic pathway was proposed. Notably, compounds 1-4 showed the inhibitory activity against PTP1B with the IC50 values of 1.2, 1.7, 1.5 and 4.6 µm, respectively. Based on the obtained results, stilbene glucosides could be the potential PTP1B inhibitors of P. multiflorum.

Bibliometric analysis of researches on traditional Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in response. We aimed to analyze the published literature on TCM for COVID-19, and provide reference for later research. METHODS: This study searched the CBM, CNKI, PubMed, and EMBASE from its establishment to March 11, 2020. VOSviewer 1.6.11 and gCLUTO 2.0 software were used to visually analyze the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 309 studies were included, including 61 journals, 1441 authors, 277 institutions, and 27 provinces. Research collaborations among regions were among those close in geographical distance. The collaborations of institutions and authors were more likely to be restricted to the same region. Among the authors with frequency greater than two (65 authors), only 19 authors had connection with others. More than 70% (358/491) of keywords were only presented once, and 20 keywords were shown more than 10 times. Five research topics were identified: Data mining method based analysis on the medication law of Chinese medicine in prevention and management of COVID-19; exploration of active compounds of Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment based on network pharmacology and molecular docking; expert consensus and interpretation of COVID-19 treatment; research on the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19; and clinical research of TCM for COVID-19 treatment. CONCLUSION: The research hotspots were scattered, and the collaboration between authors and institutions needed to be further strengthened. To improve the quality and efficiency of research output, the integration of scientific research and resources, as well as scientific collaboration are needed.

[Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine from patent information sharing platform of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is a newly emerged and highly contagious respiratory disease. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has both systematism theory knowledge and clinical practical value in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, it was particularly important to examine the effect of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The patents of TCM might reflect the latest progression of scientific research. We aimed to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by extracting and analyzing the TCM patents from the Patent Information Sharing Platform of COVID-19. The antiviral TCM patents were screened and exported from the Patent Information Sharing Platform. VOSviewer 1.6.14 was used to visualize and analyze the network of TCM in these patents. There were total 292 TCM patents, including 52 patents for etiological treatment and 240 patents for symptomatic treatment. Thirty-two provinces and 1 076 inventors were involved, mainly from Beijing, Guangdong and Jiangsu. Overall, there were 356 TCMs, 71 single prescriptions, and 221 compound prescriptions. The patents for treatment of coronavirus mainly focused on the treatment of coronavirus, while the patents for symptomatic treatment mainly focuses on the improvement of respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough. There were 14 highly frequently used TCMs, including Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, Isatidis Radix, Astragali Radix, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Houttuyniae Herba, Isatidis Folium, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Platycodonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum. The analyzed results of the TCM patents from the patent information sharing platform of COVID-19 were consistent with the Guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19(7th edition), and the combination of TCM in each cluster may also provide future directions for drug compatibility.