Sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in Beijing area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to explore the characteristics of Juniper chinensis pollen sensitized population. Methods: Patients with suspected allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were selected in this study. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed with Juniper chinensis pollen allergen reagent to compare different age and disease allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results: A total of 8 380 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT reached 49.92% (4 183/8 380). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT was highest in the 10-14 age group, reaching 60.99% (283/464). Compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference (χ²=266.77, P<0.01). The SPT positive rate of patients aged less than 10 years increased with the increase of age, while the SPT positive rate of patients aged over 40 years decreased with the increase of age. Single Juniper chinensis pollen was less allergenic, accounting for about 25.05% (1 048/4 183), and the patients' age was (35.21±12.39) years. Regardless of single Juniper chinensis pollen or other pollen allergies, allergic rhinitis was the main disease. Among the patients with SPT positive Juniper chinensis pollen combined with other inhaled pollen allergens, willow pollen accounted for the first (74.99%). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen was the highest in patients with single allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.05% (3 797/7 295), and the rate in patients with single allergic asthma was the lowest, accounting for 17.49% (53/303), with statistically difference (χ²=138.99, P<0.01). Conclusions: Juniper chinensis pollen is highly sensitized in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing . The positive rate of SPT is highest among 10-14 age group, most of which showed strong positive reaction, and allergic rhinitis is more common in Juniper chinensis pollen sensitization diseases.

Treatment of Diabetic Depression with Traditional Chinese Medicine：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes and depression are both incurable chronic diseases， which are complementary and integrated. They are clinically called diabetic depression. A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that diabetes interacts with depression， leading to complex conditions of diabetic depression， difficult treatment， and poor prognosis. Diabetes and depression are considered two independent diseases in the majority of the existing clinical methods for the treatment of diabetic depression， with many defects such as low efficiency and severe side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of diabetic depression， characterized by multiple targets， multiple pathways， and overall coordination， can adjust the synergy between multiple systems of the body and is advantageous in the treatment of diabetic depression. However， the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic depression is mostly limited to the improvement of clinical symptoms， the control of blood sugar level， and the score of depression scale， and there is a lack of in-depth research on the mechanism of action. Therefore， many researchers are devoted to exploring the underlying mechanism of TCM in the treatment of diabetes combined with depression. Clarifying the comorbidity mechanism is the key in treating diabetic depression. In this study， we made an introduction according to the mechanism based on the relevant research reports on the treatment of diabetic depression with TCM and summarized its specific mechanisms， including insulin resistance， oxidative stress and inflammation， and nervous system disorder. The interaction between the various mechanisms has further aggravated the complexity of diabetic depression. We have drawn a diagram of the mechanism pathways of diabetic depression in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Mechanism of Baihe Dihuangtang in Treatment of Depression with Yin Deficiency and Internal Heat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome model with yin deficiency and internal heat， discuss the rationality of model evaluation， and analyze differentially expressed genes in multiple dimensions to explore the molecular mechanism-signaling pathways as well as key targets of Baihe Dihuangtang （BHDH） in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group，a model group，a fluoxetine group （positive drug），a BHDH group， and a Zhibai Dihuangtang group （positive drug for Yin deficiency and internal heat）. The depression model with Yin deficiency and internal heat was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）combined with Chinese herbal drugs with warm and heat nature. The model established was comprehensively evaluated by the detection of the basic condition， behavioral performance， and biochemical indicators of rats in each group. The differentially expressed genes were screened out by mRNA sequencing and underwent Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted and key genes were analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism of BHDH in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. ResultThe comparison of basic conditions， behavioral assays， energy metabolism， endocrine hormones， cytokines， and neurotransmitters showed that the model was properly induced. BHDH could significantly improve depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat by regulating the pathways related to the nervous system， endocrine system， and inflammatory and immune system. The key genes of the PPI network were Fos， Epha8， Npy2r， Htr2c， and Nr4a1. ConclusionUnder the guidance of TCM theories of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and etiology and pathogenesis，this study established a depression model with yin deficiency and internal heat in animals and evaluation system in accordance with the symptoms and signs of emotional diseases， and further confirmed the scientificity of the modeling method and the underlying mechanism of BHDH in interfering with depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat based on the results of mRNA sequencing.

Analysis of characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Inner Mongolian grassland region of China / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) as well as the distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China. Methods: From May 2015 to August 2015, using stratified, cluster and random sampling, a field interviewer-administered survey study and skin prick test (SPT) were conducted in six areas of Inner Mongolia grassland (Xilinhot, Erenhot, Duolun, Tongliao, Jarud, Kailu), and pollen monitoring was carried out in the above six areas from January 1 to December 31 of 2015. The clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in these regions were observed. SAS software 9.4 was used for data processing. Results: A total of 6 043 subjects completed the study. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was 13.2% (795/6 043). The highest prevalence was found in the 18-39 age group. Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence of SAR than rural areas (61.2% vs 37.9%, P<0.001). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR among the above six areas (Xilinhot 21.5%, Erenhot 17.8%, Duolun 8.9%, Tongliao 6.9%, Jarud 15.3%, Kailu 9.7%, P<0.001). The main clinical symptoms of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR were sneezing (96.5%) and nasal itching (92.2%). Eye itching was more obvious among the ocular symptoms (69.1%), while fatigue (32.1%) and drowsiness (31.5%) were more prominent among other related symptoms. Among comorbidities of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 71.4% (568/795), food allergy accounted for 86.7% (689/795) and asthma accounted for 16.7% (133/795). The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread was in August. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was positively correlated with the concentration of Chenopodiaceae pollen (R2=0.78, P=0.043). The SPT positive rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen was 21.2% (1 282/6 043), and Xilinhot had the highest rate in six regions (28.0%, 236/842). Conclusions: The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR in Inner Mongolia grassland stays at a high level. Sneezing is the most obvious symptom of SAR. The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread is in August and the prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR is positively correlated with the pollen concentration.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum / 中国中药杂志

Trigonella foenum-graecum is an annual plant of the genus Trigonella in the Leguminosae family. It is widely distributed in China and has a long history of application. According to phytochemistry research, the seeds, stem, and leaves of this herb contain not only a variety of bioactive ingredients, including alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols, but also abundant nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids and various trace elements. Pharmacological studies have shown that both the extract of T. foenum-graecum and its chemical constituents exhibit hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antitumor, antioxidative, antimicro-bial, and hepatoprotective activities. This paper reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of T. foenum-graecum, which may contribute to further development, application, and clinical research of this herb.

Textual Research on Gardeniae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gardenia has been widely used in clinical practice and with a long history. In order to make better use of gardenia resources，this study summarized historical literatures and modern researches，made textual research on the name，variety，origin，processing and efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides，and found that the name of G. jasminoides mainly reflects the characteristics of G. jasminoides based on form and color to a certain extent. In some cases, the name "Huangzhi" was mixed with water G. jasminoides. The earliest origin of G.jasminoides was Nanyang as recorded in ancient literatures, but with a low yield. Due to the influence of population migration and productivity development，the main origin of G. jasminoides moved to the south，and southern producers were preferred. G. jasminoides was recorded as G. jasminoides, and Gardeniae Fructus could not be used as medicine in literatures of Chinese materia medica，but there were records of "Fat G.jasminoides" and "Great G. jasminoides" as medicines in ancient books of treatment for febrile diseases. The reason for the difference with the literature records of this herb lay in different eras of "Leigong Bombardment Theory" and "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". There were gaps in the yield and harvesting capacity of G.jasminoides，and the herbaceous book was highly standardized， the highest-quality herbs were selected to be used as medicine，and the formularies focused on practicality. According to modern experimental studies，chemical composition and content of Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus were similar with the same choleretic effect. In addition，the processing history and efficacy application of G. jasminoides were also summarized，in order to provide reference for the further study and utilization of G. resources.

Mechanism of Huangliantang in Treatment of Chronic Non-atrophic Gastritis Based on Harmonization Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: Harmonization method is one of the eight unique methods of traditional Chinese medicine with important application value in clinic. Based on the effect of harmonization method in regulating cold and heat, the mechanism of Huangliantang in treating chronic non-atrophic gastritis(CNAG) on rats were studied. Method: Rats were divided into normal group (n=10) and CNAG model group (n=50). The model of CNAG rats was induced by chemical stimulation combined with hunger and satiety. The model group was randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the model group, the Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group, and the high, middle and low-dose Huangliantang groups, with 8 rats in each group. After the model was successfully established, the Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group (0.04 g·kg-1), the high, middle, low dose Huangliantang group (11.00,5.48,2.74 g·kg-1), the blank group and the model group were given the same dose of saline for 4 weeks, and then the samples were collected. The histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitory protein receptor (IκBα), protein expression. Real-time quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect IκBα, NF-κB mRNA expressions. Result: In the model group, the gastric mucosa was damaged, a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated, the serum inflammatory factors increased significantly, mRNA and protein expressions of IκBα decreased, and mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB increased in the gastric tissue (PκBα was up-regulated, IκBα protein was increased, while the expression of NF-κB mRNA was down-regulated, and NF-κB protein was decreased. The Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group and the high-dose Huangliantang group had the most obvious improvement (PPConclusion: Huangliantang for regulating cold and heat based on the harmonization method can effectively alleviate the degree of gastric mucosal injury, and reduce serum inflammatory factors in CNAG rats. The mechanism is related to the up-regulation of IκBα mRNA expression, and the down-regulation of NF-κB mRNA expression and NF-κB protein expression in gastric mucosa.

Analysis of Molecular Mechanism of Huangliantang in Treatment of Gastritis Based on Integrated Pharmacology Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effective substance basis and possible mechanism of Huangliantang in treatment of gastritis. Method: Integrated pharmacology platform of traditional Chinese medicine was employed to predict the main active ingredients and functional targets of Huangliantang in treatment of gastritis, network of composition target-disease target of Huangliantang was constructed, key nodes were screened for enrichment analysis of pathways, and the possible mechanism of Huangliantang in treatment of gastritis with multiple ingredients-multiple targets-multiple pathways was explored. Result: A total of 175 predicted active ingredients of Huangliantang interacted with 538 key targets about gastritis, the regulation and treatment of gastritis during its different pathological stages, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric mucosal damage and gastric mucosal atrophy, were involved through chemokine, T cell receptor, estrogen and other signaling pathways. Conclusion: This research may reveal the potential active ingredients of Huangliantang in treatment of gastritis and its possible mechanism, and it also provides a theoretical basis for further experimental research of pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism of action.

Study on intestinal absorption of ingredients from different compatibilities of Shaoyao Gancao decoction / 中国中药杂志

To study the compatible mechanisms and compatible proportion of Shaoyao Gancao decoction, the intestinal absorption of main ingredients in Shaoyao Gancao decoction SG11 (Baishao-Zhigancao 1: 1) , SG31 (Baishao-Zhigancao 3: 1), Baishao water decoction S and Zhigancao (G) were investigated and compared using in vitro everted intestinal sac model and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. The concentration of paeoniflorin (PF), liquiritin (LQ) and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GL) in test samples and samples of intestinal sac and intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC. The intestinal absorptive amount and absorption parameters were calculated. Results showed that in the everted intestinal sac model, three ingredients could be absorbed by duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and the absorption in the jejunum was best for all 3 ingredients. The absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 was significantly higher than that in single decoction (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference compared with SG31. In SPIP model, the absorption rate constant K(a), the apparent absorption coefficient P(app) and the absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 were significantly higher than those in single decoction. Parameters of PF and GL in SG11 were significantly higher than those in SG31, but had no differences of LQ. It proved that the compatibility of Baishao and Zhigancao could improve the intestinal absorption of PF, LQ and GL. The absorption of each ingredient in SG11 was better than that in SG31.

Synthesis and Identification of Artificial Antigen for Alkaloids from Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Alkaloids are a kind of natural nitrogen compounds which are widespread in the nature, with special and significant activities in pharmacology. In recent years, immunoassay techniques have been applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of alkaloids from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, preparation and identifica-tion of artificial antigen with good immunogenicity are necessary and important for establishment of immunoassay for alkaloids from TCM. This paper summarized the designing ideas and procedures for preparation of artificial antigen and identification for the conjugates of alkaloids and carrier protein, in order to provide reference point for establish-ment and application of immunoassay techniques.

Current overseas researches on prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting with acupuncture / 中国针灸

In order to provide leads and ideas for the future clinical researches, overseas current randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting are studied in this article. Summarization is given on those overseas trials of the recent 20 years from aspects of effectiveness and advantages of acupuncture treatment, treatment methods and the best opportunity of treatment. The result indicates that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is basically approved by modern clinical researches. Further studies should be focused on the potential of influence on acupuncture effect by different types of anesthetics, durations of operation and sorts of surgery. Importance should also be attached on enhancing therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment by applying proper differentiation of syndromes, as well as its benefit estimation on health economy.

Present situation and thinking of comparative studies on effects of acupoints and non-acupoints / 中国针灸

The therapeutic effect of acupuncture is closely related to acupoints, and the specificity of acupoint indications is one of the key factors for regulatory and therapeutic effects of acupuncture. In recent years, a number of researches focusing on acupoint specificity have been done through comparison of the effects of acupoint and non acupoint. In this article, by analysis of recent 10 years' comparative studies of acupoints and non-acupoints, main problems in the existing researches are put forward including laying stress on the study of local effects, belittling the study on general effect; confused selection of acupoints and non-acupoints; lack of high-quality multi-central, ran domized and controlled trials with large sample; and the train of thought of the future research are probed.