The effects of nutritional supplementation on older sarcopenic individuals who engage in resistance training: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Sarcopenia is a typical age-related disorder characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Resistance training has a noticeable effect on sarcopenia, but there is no consensus on whether nutritional supplements can boost this effect. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant literature to investigate the therapeutic effect of resistance training combined with nutrition intervention on sarcopenia compared with resistance training alone. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Sinomed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for relevant studies on resistance training combined with nutritional intervention for aging adults with sarcopenia. The retrieval period ranged from the inception of the databases to May 24, 2022. Literature screening and information extraction were performed by two researchers. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was adopted for literature quality evaluation and Stata 15.0 software for analysis. Results: Twelve clinical trials were included, involving 713 older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia, of whom 361 were assigned to the experimental group and 352 to the control group. Compared with the control group, grip strength of the experimental group was substantially elevated [WMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.01, 3.74), P = 0.049]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that vitamin D and protein increased grip strength and gait speed. There were no significant improvement in grip strength and gait speed in the protein and vitamin D free subgroup. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training combined with additional nutritional supplementation, especially compound nutritional supplements that included protein and vitamin D, might further enhance grip strength rather than muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022346734.

Research advancements of two-dimensional black phosphorus in dentistry / 中华口腔医学杂志

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has unique layered structure, excellent photothermal properties, good biocompatibility and high biodegradability. In recent years, it has been found that BP has stable drug loading and light controlled sustained-release drug functions, excellent antibacterial properties and the ability to promote vascular and nerve regeneration in the medicine field, which has a broad application prospect in dentistry. This review elaborates the biological properties of two-dimensional BP and its application progress in dentistry, so as to provide new ideas for the further research and application of two-dimensional BP.

Study on syndrome differentiation strategy of phlegm and blood stasis syndromes of coronary heart disease based on expert consultation on medical cases.

BACKGROUND: It is becoming more and more important to judge whether patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have phlegm and blood stasis syndromes in the process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The syndrome differentiation strategy of phlegm and blood stasis syndromes of CHD is still not standardized, and it is particularly necessary to make syndrome differentiation simpler and more accurate. METHODS: Twenty-eight medical cases that met the criteria, comprising 10 ancient medical cases and 18 modern ones, were selected from the TCM literature, which were then analyzed by 57 experts via questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was mainly based on frequency analysis. RESULTS: (I) The average age of the 57 experts from 20 provinces was 48.9±8.5 years; 89.5% were associate professor or above, and 75.4% of them worked at a tertiary hospital. (II) Consistency of expert consultation over medical cases: for the ancient medical cases, the diagnostic consistency rate of phlegm syndrome was 27/34 (79.4%) and additional diagnosis rate of the blood stasis syndrome was 27/57 (47.4%); for the modern medical cases, the consistency rate compared with the original diagnosis of phlegm syndrome was 54/80 (67.5%) and that of blood stasis syndrome was 73/90 (81.1%). (III) The top five experts' diagnostic basics of phlegm syndrome were oppression in the chest, slippery pulse, greasy fur, coughing of phlegm, and chest pain; the top five diagnostic basics of blood stasis syndrome were chest pain, dark tongue, oppression in chest, red tongue, and ecchymosis on tongue. (IV) In the questionnaire consultation on CHD phlegm-blood stasis syndrome cases, the diagnostic basis of "symptom or (and) tongue manifestation" accounted for 12/27 (44.4%) of the diagnostic basics of phlegm syndrome and 28/38 (73.7%) of that of blood stasis syndrome basis. CONCLUSIONS: Modern Chinese medicine experts pay much attention to the diagnosis and treatment of CHD based on TCM pathology theories of phlegm and blood stasis. To collect and detect the patients' symptoms and tongue manifestation is an important strategy of the experts for CHD phlegm and blood stasis syndrome differentiation.

Research and development strategies of new Chinese medicines based on new regulations / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, only a small number of new Chinese medicines have been approved for marketing, which has embodied the bottleneck in the development of the Chinese medicine industry. To tackle this problem, the National Medical Products Administration has issued a series of regulations and technical requirements. In the context of new regulations, this study deeply explored the research and development strategies of new Chinese medicines under the guidance of the new classification of drug registration, and discussed the key technical issues in the research and development.

Efficacy and Material Basis of Shuangjin Sanjie Granules in Treatment on Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The SD rat model of hyperplasia of mammary gland（HMG） and the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) technology were used to explore the pharmacological material basis of Shuangjin Sanjie granules (SJSJG) for the treatment on HMG.Method:SD rat models of HMG were administered in groups, and the nipple height and the diameter were measured; the levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) in serum were detected, pathological examination was conducted for the hyperplasia of breast tissue. Histochemical methods were used to detect the expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins. Finally, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS technology was used to detect the main chemical constituents of SJSJG, and the pharmacodynamic substance basis was analyzed based on the pharmacological effect.Result:The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the normal group, nipple height and diameter of the model group increased remarkably (P<0.01), serum E2 significantly increased (P<0.01). Pathological examination showed abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue， expressions of ERα, AR, PR and TNF-α increased， compared with the model group, the nipple height and diameter of the SJSJG group decreased remarkably (P<0.01), serum E2 was decreased significantly (P<0.01)， pathological examination showed weakened abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue, ERα, AR, PR and TNF-α protein expressions were significant decreased (P<0.01). The results of basic material study showed that 85 chemical components were identified from SJSJG, including 16 alkaloids, 7 flavonoids, 15 terpenes, 9 phenolic acid compounds, 3 coumarin compounds, 10 esters and lactone compounds, 7 fatty acids compounds, 4 amino acids compounds, and 14 other types of ingredients， among them, alkaloids and terpenoids chemical drug substances were closely related.Conclusion:SJSJG can effectively improve the condition of breast hyperplasia, and its medicinal substance basis may include saikosaponin A, Saikosaponin D, verticinone, peimine.

Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of GABA receptor mRNA in different brain regions in rats with chronic inflammatory pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in different brain regions of the central nervous system in chronic inflammatory pain rats and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture (EA).@*METHODS@#A total of 48 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model control group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 12 rats in each group. The model of chronic inflammatory pain was established by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into the foot. The EA group was treated with EA 28 days after the model establishment. The "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) were selected and treated with dilatational wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 0.5-1.5 mA for 30 min; EA was given only once. In the sham EA group, the same acupoints were selected but the needles were only inserted into subcutaneous area; EA was connected for 30 min without electrical stimulation. The behavior changes of mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold before model establishment, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after the model establishment as well as emotional behavior 29 days after the model establishment were observed; the relative expressions of GABA receptor mRNA in anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus were observed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank control group, the change rates of mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold in the model control group were decreased significantly 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days after model establishment (0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in the amygdala was decreased significantly in the model control group (<0.01); compared with the model control group and the sham EA group, the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in amygdala was increased after intervention in the EA group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Single treatment of EA could significantly increase the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold, improve abnormal emotional behavior in rats with chronic inflammatory pain, which may be related to the increasing of expression of GABA receptor mRNA in the amygdala.

Correlation Between Chemical Constituents and Ecological Factors of Tibetan Medicine Swertia mussotii / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The HPLC fingerprinting of Swertia mussotii was established to study the correlation between chemical components and ecological factors in different areas. Method:The fingerprint of S. mussotii was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),and the evaluation and analysis were made based on the " Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System 2004A Edition" promulgated by the National Pharmacopoeia Commission. The analysis was carried out on a Wondasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm), with methanol-0.2%phosphoric acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution,and the column temperature was set at 30℃. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was set at 245 nm. And data on ecological factors in each sample habitat, such as climate and soil, were collected. The gray correlation and bivariate analysis were carried out on the chemical constituents and ecological factors of medicinal materials in different areas using DPS data processing system and SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Result:The HPLC fingerprint of S. mussotii was established,a total of 12 common fingerprint peaks were marked, and the chemical constituent of the seven peaks were determined. The chemical constituents, such as swertiamain and mangiferin of S. mussotii, were significantly correlated with ecological factors. Moreover,the chemical constituents were obviously affected by the monthly average temperature range,annual precipitation,precipitation seasonality in the climatic factors,the soil organic carbon ratio and soil pH in the soil factors. Conclusion:The chemical constituents of S. mussotii have a correlation with the external ecological factors,the findings could provide a basis for the artificial planting of the medicinal material and the scientific connotation of the " environment-based" theory for Tibetan medicines.

Determination of six compounds in Berberidis Cortex and comparative study of its different species / 中国中药杂志

In order to clarify the characteristic components of Berberidis Cortex,the preparative liquid chromatography and spectral analysis methods were used to separate and identify the unknown components in the water extract of Berberidis Cortex. Two compounds were isolated and identified as bufotenidine and ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. They were both isolated for the first time from Berberidis Cortex and Berberis. In addition,an HPLC method was successfully established for simultaneously determination of six compounds in Berberidis Cortex,and chemometric methods were used to study the chemical differences among three main species of Berberidis Cortex. The results suggested that jatrorrhizine and bufotenidine are the main difference compounds among the three species.Compared with B. kansuensis and B. diaphana,B. vernae contains significantly more jatrorrhizine(P<0. 01),and the content of bufotenidine in B. vernae was significantly higher than that in B. kansuensis(P<0. 05). Considering these results,further research is necessary to reveal the pharmacological activities of bufotenidine and the pharmacodynamic differences between the three species. The results could provide a reference for quality control,the basic research on effective substances,and development of Berberidis Cortex.

Study on Main Treatment Diseases and Medication Rule in Sichuan Nanpai Tibetan Medicine Based on Data Mining / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the academic characteristics and connotation of Sichuan Nanpai Tibetan medicine （SNTM）， to provide relevant information for the inheritance and development of Nanpai Tibetan medicine， and to provide reference for the development and utilization of commonly used medicinal materials in SNTM. METHODS： The type characteristics， medication frequency， main treatment disease and medication rule of 672 preparations of Tibetan hospital of SNTM were analyzed by means of data mining， statistical analysis and inductive deduction methods of TCM inheritance support system （TCMISS）. Based on the core combination drugs， the new prescriptions were evolved by the entropy hierarchical clustering method. RESULTS： A total of 624 medicinal materials were used in formulation of SNTM， involving 509 plant drugs （81.67％）， 61 mineral drugs （9.77％） and 54 animal drugs （8.65％）. There were 16 medicines with frequency＞120； among them， top 3 medicines were Terminalia chebula （57.44％）， Carthamus tinctorius （43.15％） and Aucklandia lappa （42.26％）. Main treatment diseases involved 13 categories， and top 3 categories were gastric diseases （28.13％）， hepatobiliary diseases （12.80％） and neurological diseases （11.90％）. In the treatment of stomach diseases， T. chebula， C. tinctorius， Alpinia katsumadai， Piper longum， A. lappa and Punica granatum were mainly used； totally 61 commonly used drug combinations were obtained and the most commonly used combination was P. longum-A. katsumadai. In the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases， T. chebula， C. tinctorius， Herpetospermum caudigerum， Swertia bimaculata， Zhaxun were mainly used； 64 commonly used drug combinations were obtained and the most commonly used combination is T. chebula-C. tinctorius. In the treatment of neurological diseases， Myristica fragrans， T. chebula， A. lappa， Syzygium aromaticum， Aquilaria sinensis， Choerospondias axillaris were mainly used； 73 commonly used drug combinations were obtained， and the most commonly used combination was T. chebula-M. fragrans. 5 candidate new formulations had been evolved by the entropy hierarchical clustering method， involving Lacciferlacca-Lithospermum erythrorhizon-Rubia cordifolia- Punica granatum. CONCLUSIONS： Obtained high frequency drug pairs and evolved new candidate formulation based on the core combinations drugs of SNTM for commonly diseases can provide reference for the development of modern new Tibetan medicines for gastric， hepatobiliary and neurological diseases.

Fecal Tibetan medicines / 中国中药杂志

Fecal Tibetan medicines have a long history of application in China, with a good clinical efficacy. In order to promote the development and modernization of these medicines, we consulted ancient and modern Tibetan medicine literatures to collect and summarize the names, original species, natures, flavor, functions and processing methods of fecal Tibetan medicines. A total of 35 fecal Tibetan medicines were collected, such as Jiufen, Heibingpian, Langfen, Mafen, Goufen, Gezifen. The most commonly used medicines were Jiufen and Heibingpian. Both were mainly used for the treatment of indigestion, food abdominal distension, gastric ulcer, and other gastrointestinal diseases. At present, there are only a few studies on the active ingredients, pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action of these medicines. Therefore, further study shall be conducted. The regulation of gut microbiota may be a new way to evaluate the effectiveness of fecal Tibetan medicines and their mechanism of action.

Etiology and clinical features of drug-induced liver injury diagnosed by liver biopsy / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical features of drug-induced liver injury (DILI).Methods A total of 194 DILI in patients,who underwent liver biopsy in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2015,were enrolled in the study.The etiology,laboratory markers (such as alanine transaminase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,gammaglutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase),and the pathological features were analyzed retrospectively.Then,all of the patients were followed up every 3 or 6 months,with a mean of 34.5 months.The risk factors associated with relapse,which was defined as liver enzymes (such as ALT or TBIL) rising at least 2 times of its upper limit of normal value (ULN),were analyzed with a logistic regression model.Results In terms of etiology,Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the most common cause of DILI,which accounted for 46.9％ of patients,in return followed by acetaminophen-containing drugs (14.4％),antibiotics (9.3％),environmental toxins (4.6％),antidepressant (4.6％),dietary supplement (3.1％),lipid-lowering drugs (3.1％),chemotherapeutic agents (2.6％,and others unknown (11.3％).Of 194 DILI patients,hepatocellular type was observed in 78(40.2％) patients,cholestatic type in 63(32.5％),and mixed type in 53(27.3％).Histological findings showed that 70(36.1％) patients had an acute injury,124(63.9％) chronic damages,which composed by G0(9.8％),G,(19.1％),G2(21.6％),G3(9.8％),and G4(3.6％) in terms of inflammation level.Twenty-seven cases (21.8％) relapsed after discharge from hospital,multivariate analysis showed that cholinesterase is an independent risk factor which might predict the relapse of DILI patients.Conclusions The incidence of DILI is increasing,especially induced by TCM,therefore clinicians should master the clinical features of the disease in order to achieve correct diagnosis and establish the optimal treatment strategy.

Anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine： potential mechanisms involving AMPK pathway and calorie restriction based on "medicine-food homology" theory / 中国中药杂志

There have been many reports about the anti-aging effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but the material basis and mechanism of action have not been clearly elucidated. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the receptor of energy metabolism and its life extending effect has been confirmed in different experiments. Over expression or activation with metform in of AAK-2/AMPK has been shown to extend life expectancy in nematodes and Drosophila. The possible downstream pathways of AMPK against aging include TOR/S6k pathway, FOXOs pathway and CRTC pathway. One of the core concepts of traditional Chinese medicine is disease prevention, for which one of manifestations is to improve the body with the same source of medicine and food to achieve longevity. It is possible to activate AMPK to achieve the goal of health preservation and prolonging the life by some of the "medicine-food harmony" treatments. Our survey finds that in "medicine-food harmony" compound TCM, "invigorating the kidney deficiency and promoting blood circulation" class dominates and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Poria, Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma are used in high frequency. Network pharmacology analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software revealed that TCM-derived drugs interacting with AMPK target proteins included berberine, emodin, curcumin, resveratrol, alcohol, cordyceps, arctiin, suggesting in a certain extent the feasibility of "medicine -food homology" drugs to extend the lifespan through the AMPK pathway. Our study combines a comprehensive database query and an IPA network pharmacology analysis to identify Chinese medicine monomer and components that may activate AMPK pathway to delay aging and to discuss the potential of these medicine by improving energy metabolism to delay the aging process, based on the concept of traditional Chinese medicine "medicine-food homology".

Modern scientific connotation on formula compatibility in Chinese materia medica / 中草药

As the fundamental rule to construct multi-herb prescriptions of Chinese materia medica (CMM), formula compatibility is the key to study the principles of CMM prescriptions. Modern scientific connotation on the formula compatibility could be investigated on the aspects of chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, according to the interactions between CMM prescriptions and the organism. The chemistry of CMM prescriptions is a prerequisite to investigate formula compatibility, and chemical alterations, including quantitative and qualitative changes,induced by formula compatibility are especially emphasized. Formula compatibility can modify the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs by regulating key steps of pharmacokinetic process to influence the effect and toxicity of CMM prescriptions. Ingredients of a formula affect its therapeutic actions;to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of formula compatibility, a new method named "combination of drug targets guided by the pathophysiology of diseases" is proposed to investigate the phenomenon that multi-components of a formula act on multi-target in the organism. It sheds light on understanding the mechanisms of improving effect/reducing toxicity of formula compatibility and provides the reference to enhance the modern scientific research of CMM prescriptions.

Diphenyl ethers from Aspergillus sp. and their anti-Aß42 aggregation activities.

Two new compounds with the character of diphenyl ether structure, oxisterigmatocystin D (1) and 9-acetyldiorcinol B (6), were isolated from the endolichenic fungal strain Aspergillus sp. (No. 16-20-8-1), along with six known compounds, oxisterigmatocystin A (2), oxisterigmatocystin C (3), sterigmatocystin (4), diorcinol B (5), violaceol-I (7), and violaceol-II (8). The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the Aß42 aggregation inhibitory activities of 5-8 were evaluated by the standard thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control. Compounds 7 and 8 displayed significant anti-Aß42 aggregation activity with IC50 values of 5.1 and 2.3µM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship of these diphenyl ethers as anti-Aß42 aggregation inhibitors was proposed.

Chemical constituents from Callicarpa nudiflora and their cytotoxic activities / 中国中药杂志

The chemical consitituents from cytotoxic fraction of the Callicarpa nudiflora extract were isolated and purified by a combination of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported data. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The 50% and 70% EtOH elutions of EtOH-extract showed significant cytotoxic activities, leading to the isolation of twelve compounds, which were identified as luteoloside(1), lutedin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(2), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside(3), lutedin-7-O-neohesperidoside(4), rhoifolin (5), luteolin-7, 4'-di-O-glucoside (6), forsythoside B (7), acteoside (8), alyssonoside (9), catalpol(10), nudifloside(11), and leonuride(12). Compounds 3-6, 10 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 9 was isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that flavonoids 1-6, in various concentrations, showed monolithic proliferation inhibitory activities against Hela, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 3, 5 and iridoid glycoside 11 possessed higher cytotoxicacivities. In short, flavonoids are the main components of cytotoxic extract from C. nudiflora, while phenylethanoid glycosides are the predominant ingredient but inactive to cancer cell lines. In addition, the minor iridoid glycoside expressed weak cytotoxic activity.

Panax notoginseng saponins enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin via increasing gap junction intercellular communication.

Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) have been well known to have anti-tumor activity and enhance cytotoxicity of some cancer chemotherapy agents, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. This study investigates the effect of PNS on cytotoxicity of cisplatin and the relationship between this effect and the modulation of gap junctions (GJ) function by PNS in a transfected cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin (0.25-1 µg/mL) was increased in the presence of GJ. Inhibition of gap junction by either GJ blocker or interception of Connexin (Cx) expression decreased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Increasing GJ function enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin, only in the cells with functional GJ. PNS (50-200 µg/mL) significantly enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity, but this effect required functional gap junctions between the cells. Exposure of the cells to PNS (50-200 µg/mL) for 4 h leads to a significant enhance in dye coupling of GJ in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PNS increases the cytotoxicity of cisplatin through enhancement of GJ activity.

JCM-16021, a Chinese Herbal Formula, Attenuated Visceral Hyperalgesia in TNBS-Induced Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome through Reducing Colonic EC Cell Hyperplasia and Serotonin Availability in Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of JCM-16021, a revised traditional Chinese herbal formula, on postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in rats. The trinitrobenzene sulfonic (TNBS) acid-induced PI-IBS model rats were orally administrated with different doses of JCM-16021 (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g/kg/d) for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that JCM-16021 treatment dose-dependently attenuated visceral hyperalgesia in PI-IBS rats. Further, the colonic enterochromaffin (EC) cell number, serotonin (5-HT) content, tryptophan hydroxylase expression, and mechanical-stimuli-induced 5-HT release were significantly ameliorated. Moreover, the decreased levels of mucosal cytokines in PI-IBS, especially the helper T-cell type 1- (T(h)1-) related cytokine TNF-α, were also elevated after JCM-16021 treatment. These data demonstrate that the analgesic effect of JCM-16021 on TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats may be medicated via reducing colonic EC cell hyperplasia and 5-HT availability.

Effects of yi-zhi II on synaptic structure of hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memory / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of yi-zhi II (a compond of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the alteration of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memoy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using the method of oral administration of yi-zhi II, the step-through test and electron microscopy, the latency of step-through and synaptic structure in hippocamal CA3 were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The mice which had been given yi-zhi II prolong significantly the latency of step through (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on the 1st, 6th and 12th day after learning. (2) On the 6th and 12th day after learning, the length of synaptic active zone were markly improved in yi-zhi II and control, but that of yi-zhi II was better than that of control. (On the 6th day after learning, the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses were significantly improved by the yi-zhi II (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The yi-zhi II could improve the learning and memory in mice. It migth improve the memory by increasing the length of synaptic active zone and the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses in hippocampal CA3.</p>