RESUMO
As the first-line antimalarial drugs, artemisinins gained wide acceptance after the emergence of resistance to chloroquine in the 1950s. Artemisinin-based drugs have saved lives, especially in developing countries. The discovery of artemisinin was unique, timely, and fascinating, and the benefits of artemisinin were with far-reaching implications. Herein, we will give a brief description of various aspects of the development of artemisinin and discuss the position and perspectives of artemisinin-based drugs.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Artemisia annua , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmodium/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/química , Antimaláricos/isolamento & purificação , Artemisia annua/química , Artemisininas/química , Artemisininas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Malária/parasitologia , Estrutura Molecular , Plasmodium/patogenicidade , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Malaria has long been a devastating and life-threatening global epidemic disease in human history. Artemisinin, the active substance against malaria, was first isolated and tested in the 1970s in China. The important role played by traditional Chinese medicine in the discovery of artemisinin is described by Y. Tu in her Nobel Lecture.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Antimaláricos/química , Artemisininas/química , HumanosAssuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Artemisia annua/química , Artemisininas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium/efeitos dos fármacos , Antimaláricos/história , Antimaláricos/isolamento & purificação , Artemisininas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/história , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Estrutura Molecular , Fitoterapia/históriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Matteuccia struthiopteris. METHOD: The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data. RESULT: Six compounds were isolated and identified as demethoxymatteucinol (1), matteucinol (2), pinosylvin (3), matteuorien (4), pinosylvin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), matteuorienate A (6). CONCLUSION: All Compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Dryopteridaceae/química , Rizoma/química , Cromonas/química , Flavonoides/química , Glucosídeos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estilbenos/químicaRESUMO
To establish an HPLC-UV-ELSD method for the determination of the content of artemisinin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid in Herba Artemisiae Annuae. The analytical column was Nucleodur RP-C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm ID). The mobile phase was acetonirile-0.1% acetic acid (50: 50) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) with a UV detector for artemisinin, the detection wavelength at 209 nm, and the evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for arteannuin B and artemisinic acid, the drift tube temperature: 50 degrees C, the nitrogen flow rate 30 psi and the gain was 50. The resolution of artemisinin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was good. The linear calibration curves were obtained over the range of 0.52 - 2.6 microg for artemisinin (r = 0.999 4, n = 5), 0.022 - 4.4 microg for artemisinin B (r = 0.999 9, n = 5) and 0.203 - 8.12 microg for artemisinic acid (r = 0.999 8, n = 5), separately. The mean recoveries of the three compounds were 99.45%, 102.37% and 101.10% with RSD of 2.3%, 1.7% and 0.79%, respectively. This method is simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for the determination of the content of the three compounds in the herbs.
Assuntos
Artemisia annua/química , Artemisininas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Luz , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espalhamento de Radiação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from stem of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. METHOD: The constituents were extracted with methanol and isolated by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. The structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis. RESULT: Seven compounds were identified as 2-hydroxy-7-methyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (1), 2-methyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (tectoquinone) (2), ursolic acid (3), vanillic acid (4), beta-sitosteryl-D-glucoside-6'-palmitate (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 were isolated for the first time from the family Gesneriaceae, compounds 4 and 6 were isolated for the first time from the genus Chirita, and compound 7 was isolated for the frist time from Chirita longgangensis var.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Magnoliopsida/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Antraquinonas/química , Caules de Planta/química , Triterpenos/química , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with normal Todaro. METHODS: phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data (MS, NMR, HMBC and HMQC). RESULTS: Four compounds were isolated and identified as 1-O-beta-D-gl ucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E, 8Z) -2-N-(2'-hydroxydocosanoyl) eicosasphinga-4,8-dienine (1), 1-O-beta-D-galactosyl-(6-->1)-alpha-D-galactosyl-2,3-O-dihexadecanoyl-glycerol (2), succinic acid (3), D-mannitol (4). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Gleiquênias/química , Galactosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicerídeos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Galactosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glicerídeos/química , Manitol/química , Manitol/isolamento & purificação , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Rizoma/química , Ácido Succínico/química , Ácido Succínico/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from stem of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. METHOD: The constituents were extracted with methanol and isolated by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. The structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis. RESULT: Five phenylethanoid glycosides were identified as 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl alcohol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl alcohol-6-O-caffeoyl--D-glucopyranoside (calceolarioside B) (2), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl alcohol-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-6-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (plantainoside D) (3), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl alcohol-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-4-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (plantamajoside) (4), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl alcohol-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-6-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (scroside E) (5), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated for the first time from the family Gesneriaceae, and compounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated for the first time from the genus Chirita.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cumáricos/isolamento & purificação , Dissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Magnoliopsida/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Catecóis/química , Catecóis/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Dissacarídeos/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/química , Caules de Planta/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in rhizome of Matteuccia struthiopteris. METHOD: The compounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel chromatography. The structures were identified by physical and spectral data. RESULT: Six compounds were isolated and identified as woodwardic acid (1), ergost-6,22-diene-3beta,5alpha,8alpha-triol (2), apigenin (3), riboflavin (4), 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-p-coumaric acid (5), 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeic acid (6). CONCLUSION: All the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Assuntos
Apigenina/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Cafeicos/isolamento & purificação , Dryopteridaceae/química , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Riboflavina/isolamento & purificação , Apigenina/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Glucosídeos/química , Rizoma/química , Riboflavina/químicaAssuntos
Antimaláricos/química , Artemisia annua/química , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Preparações de Plantas/química , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Humanos , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dihydro-qinghaosu (DQHS) on auto-antibody production, TNF alpha secretion and pathologic change of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice and the possible mechanism of DQHS in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Anti ds-DNA antibody and TNF alpha in serum of the BXSB mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Renal tissue was stained by HE and Masson. RESULTS: In the height and moderate dose DQHS groups, as compared with the model group, levels of anti-ds-DNA antibody and serum TNF alpha were significantly lower (P < 0.05); and renal pathological change was milder. CONCLUSION: DQHS could inhibit the production of anti-ds-DNA antibody and secretion of TNF alpha and improve the pathologic lesion of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice.