Development and application of hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: A systematic literature review.

Hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], with its robust biocompatibility and bioactivity, has found extensive utility in bone grafting, replacement therapies, and supplemental medical materials. HA is highly regarded for its osteoconductive properties because it boasts hydrophilicity, nontoxicity, non-allergenicity, and non-mutagenicity. Nevertheless, HA's intrinsic mechanical weakness has spurred efforts to enhance its properties. This enhancement is achieved through ion incorporation, with elements such as magnesium, zinc, lithium, strontium, boron, and others being integrated into the HA structure. In the domain of orthopedics, HA-based scaffolds have emerged as a solution for addressing prevalent issues like bone deformities and defects stemming from congenital anomalies, injuries, trauma, infections, or tumors. The fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds (3D scaffolds) has enabled advancements in bone regeneration and replacement, with a focus on practical applications such as repairing calvarial, skull, and femoral defects. In vitro and in vivo assessments have substantiated the effectiveness of 3D scaffolds for bone defect repair, regeneration, and tissue engineering. Beyond bone-related applications, scaffolds demonstrate versatility in enhancing cartilage healing and serving as bioimplants. The wide array of scaffold applications underscores their ongoing potential for further development in the realm of medical science.

Ginger potency on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a type of disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that can destroy body tissues. The use of traditional medicine naturally uses plants from ginger with the maceration method. The ginger plant is a herbaceous flowering plant with the Zingiberaceacea group. METHODS: This study uses the literature review method by reviewing 50 articles from journals and databases. RESULTS: A review of several articles, namely ginger has bioactive components such as gingerol. Ginger is used as a treatment in complementary therapies using plants. Ginger is a strategy with many benefits and functions as a nutritional complement to the body. This benefit has shown the effect of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer against nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Anticancer in ginger is shown by polyphenols associated with anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Therefore, consuming ginger regularly affects natural herbal therapy with the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and serves as a prevention against the effects of chemotherapy.

Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements.

OBJECTIVE: Cocktail honey is derived from a mixture of honey (trigona sp.), bee bread, and homogeneous royal jelly. The material has a phenolic content rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for women's reproductive health, especially for pre-conception, because it can suppress the content of free radicals in the body. Antioxidants are useful to overcome oxidative damage due to free radicals in the body that prevent various diseases from increasing fertility during pre-conception. METHOD: This study used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method using UV-vis spectrophotometry to express the value of free radical reduction activity as IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. RESULTS: The DPPH test on cocktail honey products obtained an average yield of 4577.7µg/mL, which was included in the product category was very weak in the antioxidant activity content. CONCLUSION: The content contained in the honey cocktail contains weak bioactive content by assessing the antioxidant content using DPPH. The difference in the results of antioxidant activity tests using DPPH is caused by the test method and the conditions used in processing, homogeneous ingredients, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, and pressure in product management.

Ginger honey affects cortisol, estrogen and glutathione levels; preliminary study to target preconceptional women.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to determine the effect of ginger honey supplementation on cortisol, glutathione, and estrogen levels. The study was conducted on mice that had not yet experienced conception, and prior stress induction was carried out so that they could be continued for human trials at the preconception stage and subjects who experienced mild stress. METHOD: It was an in vivo study, pretest-posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 2-3 months female Balb/c mice, divided into negative control and ginger honey intervention as much as 28mg/20g BW for 14 days-the ELISA method used to examine cortisol hormone, glutathione levels, and estrogen levels. The mice chosen were those that had never experienced conception, and before the intervention, swimming activities were carried out on the mice until they showed symptoms of stress. RESULTS: Results show 42mg/20g BW of ginger honey administration for 14 days increased 1.892 ng/dl of cortisol (p = 0.165), increased 2.438 ng/dl of glutathione (p=0.002), and also increased 22.754ng/ml estrogen levels in induced stress Balb/c female mice (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ginger honey did not affect reducing cortisol levels but increasing glutathione and estrogen levels significantly. Ginger honey supplements are the potential to use as complementary therapies.

Prenatal yoga exercise improves sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal yoga exercises on sleep quality in third-trimester pregnant women. METHODS: It was a quasi-experimental (Nonequivalent Control Group Design). The study was conducted at the Ma'rang Community Health Center in Pangkajene and Kepulauan District from January to March 2020. The sample in this study was 60 pregnant women with gestational age 28 weeks divided into two groups, namely 30 control groups, namely pregnant women who visited routine antenatal check-ups as usual, and 30 people in the intervention group were given prenatal yoga exercises four times in two weeks selected based on purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Statistical test results showed that in the control group (p-value 0.001<0.05) and intervention (p-value 0.001<0.05), there were significant differences in sleep quality before and after the intervention was given. CONCLUSION: Prenatal yoga exercises improve the sleep quality of third-trimester pregnant women.

Care for perineal tears in vaginal delivery: An update for midwife.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study will be to review several studies regarding the repair or treatment of perineal tears after vaginal delivery. This is expected to be an update for a midwife in daily caring. METHODS: Two electronic databases (PubMed and Sciencedirect) were searched to locate relevant literature about perineal tears/wound/laceration/trauma that is published in 2016-2021. 124 Pubmed articles and 452 ScienceDirect articles filtered successfully. The articles that have been obtained will be evaluated based on the inclusion criteria in this study. We summarize place and date, objective, design, samples, the measurement used, and research results. RESULTS: 9 articles were found that matched the inclusion criteria. Three articles examined the effect of the type of suture on perineal pain, and another 6 discussed therapy to reduce the adverse effects of perineal tears. The therapies used are far-infrared radiation therapy, capacitive-resistive radiofrequency therapy, pelvic floor muscle training in early postpartum, cold therapy, and treatment with TheresienOl (natural oil). CONCLUSION: Sutures and technique/suturing second-degree perineal tears or a postpartum episiotomy can affect perineal pain. Cold gel pad therapy and treatment with natural oil on perineal wounds can affect perineal pain and wound healing.

Analysis of cocktail honey content as a supplementary preparation in preconception women.

OBJECTIVE: This study is basic research carried out to measure the nutritional content of the honey cocktail product, an herbal therapy as a complementary treatment in addressing reproductive health problems and improving the nutritional status of preconception women. The purpose of this research is to know the ingredients in honey cocktail products. METHOD: The stage of this study is; choose a sample, processing honey cocktail, and testing the parameters. This study used three main raw materials, namely honey, royal jelly, and bee bread. The honey used is Trigona sp. The three primary raw materials used have been processed from the Halal Center of Hasanuddin University. Honey cocktail processing will use a mixture of 100g Trigona sp. honey, 100g royal jelly, and 100g bee bread, then be homogenized using a magnetic stirrer for ±15min. Honey quality testing is conducted to determine the nutritional content of the honey cocktail supplement, such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, sugars (sucrose and glucose), hydroxymethylfurfural, and metals, and water. This study also examined the metal contamination, ash, and fat level. RESULTS: The results of the test content in the cocktail honey supplement found in 100ml containing 61.9g carbohydrates, 0.7g of protein, 2.3mg of phosphorus, 0.3mg of iron, 1736.27µg/g of potassium, as much calcium 48.35µg/g, 0.2mg of manganese, 0.04mg of fat content, and 2.84% of vitamin A. in addition, cocktail honey also contains 3.8% sucrose, 78% glucose, HMF 48.63mg/kg, Cu <0.01µg/g, PB 0.05µg/g, arsenic <0.01, acidity 49.62ml NaOH/kg, an ash content of 0.2%, and moisture content of 18.24%. CONCLUSION: The conclusion in this study cocktail honey samples meets the honey quality requirements following the Indonesian national standard. So that the cocktail honey supplement has good quality and is safe for consumption.

Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban extract in TNF-α levels.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Centella asiatica leaf extract to TNF-α levels. METHODS: There were four treatment groups (each group consisted of five rats). Group I was given 0.5% Na CMC, group II was given Cefadroxil 45mg/kg WB, Group III C. asiatica leaf extract 100mg/kg BW, and group IV combination Cefadroxil and Centella leaf extract. Each group was given treatment twice for 12h a day for five days. RESULTS: TNF-α levels between groups did not significantly affect day three and differed significantly after day 6. On day 3, the control group had a higher TNF-α level of 25.13pg/ml than the group given antibiotics and C. asiatica. While when compared to the group given only C. asiatica leaf extract, the control group was more height of 17.1pg/ml. On the 6th day, this condition was changed. The most significant difference was found in the group given C. asiatica, in which the control group had higher levels of TNF-α 72.34pg/ml than the group receiving C. asiatica. Then, the control group is higher than 66.46pg/ml than those given antibiotics and C. asiatica. CONCLUSION: C. asiatica leaf extract effectively reduces TNF both given alone and given along with antibiotics. It is potential to be explored into alternative and complementary treatments in mastitis cases with human trials.

The effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga on the recovery of depression level in pregnant women aged.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of gentle prenatal yoga toward depression and abnormal serotonin hormone levels in pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old. METHOD: This study was conducted at Bara Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The applied research design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sample technique. The instrument used was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 24 respondents divided into 2, 12 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. Sample criteria in this study were pregnant women aged <20 and >35 years old, having been in trimester II-III with the gestational age of ≥20 to <31 weeks, and not having complications in pregnancy. RESULTS: The mean values for the intervention group were 6.50 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 6.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. Meanwhile, the mean values for the control group were 5.61 in the pre-test to the mid-test and 4.50 in the mid-test to the post-test. This indicated that the intervention group experienced a significantly reduced level of depression based on the BD-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores when compared to the control group. Furthermore, based on the comparison of the post-test data between the intervention group and the control group, it was obtained the p-value of 0.005 (α<0.05). CONCLUSION: There were differences in BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II) scores between the intervention group and the control group after receiving prenatal gentle yoga treatment.

Effect of royal jelly to deal with stress oxidative in preconception women: A literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress that occurs in preconception women can disrupt the reproductive system to cause infertility. The antioxidants contained in royal jelly can overcome oxidative stress due to low antioxidants in the body. The purpose of this study is to examine studies of the content of royal jelly, antioxidant activity, and the effectiveness of royal jelly in dealing with oxidative stress in preconception women. METHOD: This research method is an electronic database search using keywords according to questions in research from the online library PubMed, content science, and Science Direct. RESULT: a study review conducted in 6 research journals stated that the use of royal jelly as a supplement containing 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic (10-HDA) increases glutathione levels, as well as lipid peroxidation inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of royal jelly to overcome oxidative stress in preconception women can be assessed from the content of royal jelly and antioxidant activity that can increase the glutathione levels and inhibit increased lipid peroxidation, which is a sign of oxidative stress.

Potency of complemeter therapy to the healing process of perineal wound; turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) Infusa.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of yellow turmeric-infusa of 5% and 10% on the healing process of perineal wound grade II. METHOD: The method used in this study is quasi-experiment with Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. The sampling technique is Exhaustive Sampling according to inclusion criteria. In this research consisted of three experimental groups with two intervention groups and one control group, with the number of subjects group was 15 people. Turmeric infusa is used daily by washing in the perineal wound area two times a day for 5 days postpartum. Monitoring of grade II perineal wound was performed three times, days 1, 5, and 7 postpartum using REEDA scale assessment. Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS: The results showed that on the 5th and 7th postpartum days, there were differences in redness, edema, and approximation of wounds in each group (p<0.05) while the other REEDA parameters were not significantly different. There is also a difference in the time of perineal wound healing in each group, and it can be seen from the decrease and the total REEDA score. Turmeric infusa group 5% experienced healing on the 5th day postpartum, turmeric infusa 10% recovered on the 7th day postpartum, and the control group recovered more than 7 days. CONCLUSION: Giving turmeric was proven to eliminate redness, edema, accelerate the closure, and perineal wound healing time, as seen from the p-value (p<0.05). However, turmeric infusa of 5% and 10% showed better effectiveness than turmeric infusa of 5%.

The use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to determine the use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea. METHOD: This is a literature review by searching article databases through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Microsoft Academic, ProQuest, Semantic Scholar. The selection period for article publication is from 2015 to 2021. A total of 96 articles were obtained, and 30 articles could be entered according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Thirty articles were analyzed, it is shown that aromatherapy effectively reduces the intensity of primary dysmenorrheal pain. The sample size of the 30 articles varied from 16 samples to 200 research samples, and the research design used experiments, clinical trials, and ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro studies. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy is an effective alternative intervention that can be used to reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain.

Effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn) Gel Extract (GE) on wound healing: Pre-clinical test.

OBJECTIVE: This research was basic research to identify the effect of turmeric extract tested by the in vivo method. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the length of the wound at each concentration of gel preparations on days 3, 7, and 14, as well as differences in wound healing time at each concentration of gel preparations and, identify the most effective gel preparations for wound healing. METHOD: This study is an experimental laboratory study with experimental animals using post-test only with control groups, the type of research used is a pre-clinical test (pre-clinical trial) on female rabbits. The sample size in this study was 12 rabbits grouped randomly. The length of each group's wounds was measured and observed on days 3, 7, and 14. Gel application was carried out twice a day in the morning and evening for 14 days. In this study, the experimental data were tested using Kruskal Wallis. RESULTS: There were differences in wound length in each group treated with turmeric extract gel and base gel. Based on the mean wound length of each group, they experienced a reduction in wound length on days 3, 7, and 14. There were also differences in wound healing time in each group. In each group, wherein this case, the treatment group that was given 5% turmeric extract gel experienced a faster healing time <14 days than the other groups. CONCLUSION: In general, turmeric extract gel at each concentration is effective against wound healing. Turmeric extract gel concentration is the most effective gel with a concentration of 5%, then followed by concentrations of 10% and 15%.

The effect of apis Dorsata honey as a complementary therapy to interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and T lymphocytes of post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer cases can aggravate metastases. In comparison, the production of T lymphocytes plays a role in suppressing the development of tumor cells. Honey as a complementary therapy is expected to reduce the overproduction of IL-6 and facilitate the production of T lymphocytes in breast cancer cases. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of Dorsata honey (DH) as a complementary therapy to IL-6 levels and T lymphocytes of post-chemotherapy in breast cancer. METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental approach that employed a pretest-posttest group control design. As many as 30 post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients at the Central Hospital in Eastern Indonesia were randomly selected into a control group of 15 participants. Additionally, an intervention group of 15 participants was given DH orally three times a day at a dose of 15 ml. The blood sample was taken two times, day 0 of the chemotherapy and day 16 (post-chemotherapy). The level of IL-6 was measured by ELISA, while the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, independent T-test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The results showed that DH did not significantly affect IL-6 levels (p = 0.17). However, there was an increase in T lymphocyte levels with statistically significant differences (p = 0.01) in intervention groups. There was no difference in Il-6 and T lymphocyte levels between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Il-6 levels tend to be constant in the intervention group. However, there is a significant increase in the T lymphocyte levels which can indirectly increase the immune system and inhibit tumor cell growth in patients with breast cancer.