RESUMO
The ovalbumin-induced (OVA) chronic allergic airways murine model is a well-established model for investigating pre-clinical therapies for chronic allergic airways diseases, such as asthma. Here, we examined the effects of several experimental compounds with potential anti-asthmatic effects including resveratrol (RV), relaxin (RLN), L-sulforaphane (LSF), valproic acid (VPA), and trichostatin A (TSA) using both a prevention and reversal model of chronic allergic airways disease. We undertook a novel analytical approach using focal plane array (FPA) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopic techniques to provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of these experimental compounds. Apart from the typical biological effects, S-FTIR microspectroscopy was able to detect changes in nucleic acids and protein acetylation. Further, we validated the reduction in collagen deposition induced by each experimental compound evaluated. Although this has previously been observed with conventional histological methods, the S-FTIR technique has the advantage of allowing identification of the type of collagen present. More generally, our findings highlight the potential utility of S-FTIR and FPA-FTIR imaging techniques in enabling a better mechanistic understanding of novel asthma therapeutics.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/administração & dosagem , Isotiocianatos/administração & dosagem , Relaxina/administração & dosagem , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Ácido Valproico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Doença Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/efeitos adversos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Sulfóxidos , Síncrotrons , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) in mammalian cancer and HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells have been previously attributed to effects of polyphenolic and essential oil chemical species. Recently, we demonstrated differentiated growth-regulating effects of high (HFBL) versus low molecular mass (LFBL) aqueous fractions of bay leaf and now confirm by comparative effects on gene expression, that HFBL and LFBL suppress HT-29 growth by distinct mechanisms. Induction of intra-cellular lesions including DNA strand breakage by extra-cellular HFBL, invoked the hypothesis that iron-mediated reactive oxygen species with capacity to penetrate cell membrane, were responsible for HFBL-mediated effects, supported by equivalent effects of HFBL in combination with γ radiation. Activities of HFBL and LFBL were interpreted to reflect differentiated responses to iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS), occurring either outside or inside cells. In the presence of LFBL, apoptotic death was relatively delayed compared with HFBL. ROS production by LFBL mediated p53-dependent apoptosis and recovery was suppressed by promoting G1/S phase arrest and failure of cellular tight junctions. In comparison, intra-cellular anti-oxidant protection exerted by LFBL was absent for extra-cellular HFBL (likely polysaccharide-rich), which potentiated more rapid apoptosis by producing DNA double strand breaks. Differentiated effects on expression of genes regulating ROS defense and chromatic condensation by LFBL versus HFBL, were observed. The results support ferrous iron in cell culture systems and potentially in vivo, can invoke different extra-cellular versus intra-cellular ROS-mediated chemistries, that may be regulated by exogenous, including dietary species.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/fisiopatologia , Laurus/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HT29 , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) represent rare extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are characterised by pleomorphic skin lesions and distinct T-cell markers. CTCL is a relatively benign disease in its early stages, but survival rates decrease significantly with progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have recently emerged as a new class of targeted anticancer therapies for CTCL, which have been shown to induce growth inhibition, terminal differentiation and apoptosis in various cancers in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the intrinsic anticancer properties of HDACi, recent studies have demonstrated its ability to synergise with phototherapy. In particular, we examine the therapeutic potential of HDACi in combination with ultraviolet A (UV-A) phototherapy, employing a halogenated DNA minor groove binding ligand called UVASens as a photosensitiser. In vitro studies have demonstrated that UVASens is approximately 1000-fold more potent than current psoralens. The extreme photopotency of UVASens allows the use of lower radiation doses minimising the carcinogenic risks associated with the long-term use of phototherapy. Considering, previous findings using the photosensitiser UVASens and potential synergy of HDACi with phototherapy, it was hypothesised that HDACi will augment photochemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity in CTCL MyLa cells. The findings indicated that combinations of UVASens/UV-A photochemotherapy and HDACi significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks in MyLa cells.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/patologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Raios Ultravioleta , VorinostatRESUMO
Olive oil, an oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFCs) and minor constituents including phenolic compounds, is a major component of the Mediterranean diet. The potential health benefits of the Mediterranean diet were highlighted by the seminal Seven Countries Study, and more contemporary research has identified olive oil as a major element responsible for these effects. It is emerging that the phenolic compounds are the most likely candidates accounting for the cardioprotective and cancer preventative effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). In particular, the phenolic compound, hydroxytyrosol has been identified as one of the most potent antioxidants found in olive oil. This review will briefly consider historical aspects of olive oil research and the biological properties of phenolic compounds in olive oil will be discussed. The focus of the discussion will be related to the mechanisms of action of hydroxytyrosol. Studies have demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Further, research has shown that hydroxytyrosol can prevent cardiovascular disease by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The molecular mechanisms accounting for these effects are reviewed.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Olea/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Óleos de Plantas/química , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Dieta Mediterrânea , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Azeite de Oliva , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
SIGNIFICANCE: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have emerged as a new class of anticancer therapeutics. The hydroxamic acid, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, Zolinza™), and the cyclic peptide, depsipeptide (Romidepsin, Istodax™), were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 2006 and 2009, respectively. At least 15 HDACIs are currently undergoing clinical trials either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities for the treatment of numerous hematological and solid malignancies. RECENT ADVANCES: The potential utility of HDACIs has been extended to nononcologic applications, including autoimmune disorders, inflammation, diseases of the central nervous system, and malaria. CRITICAL ISSUES: Given the promise of HDACIs, there is growing interest in the potential of dietary compounds that possess HDAC inhibition activity. This review is focused on the identification of and recent findings with HDACIs from dietary, medicinal plant, and microbial sources. We discuss the mechanisms of action and clinical potential of natural HDACIs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Apart from identification of further HDACI compounds from dietary sources, further research will be aimed at understanding the effects on gene regulation on lifetime exposure to these compounds. Another important issue that requires clarification.
Assuntos
Cromatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Changes in diet can also have dramatic effects on the composition of gut microbiota. Commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract are critical regulators of health and disease by protecting against pathogen encounter whilst also maintaining immune tolerance to certain allergens. Moreover, consumption of fibre and vegetables typical of a non-Western diet generates substantial quantities of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Dietary interventions such as probiotic supplementation have been investigated for their pleiotropic effects on microbiota composition and immune function. Probiotics may restore intestinal dysbiosis and improve clinical disease through elevated SCFA levels in the intestine. Although the precise mechanisms by which such dietary factors mediate these effects, SCFA metabolites such as butyrate also function as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), that can act on the epigenome through chromatin remodeling changes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of HDAC enzymes and to discuss the biological effects of HDACi. Further, we discuss the important relationship between diet and the balance between health and disease and how novel dietary interventions such as probiotics could be alternative approach for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic inflammatory disease through modulation of the intestinal microbiome.