Bifidobacterium CECT 7765 modulates early stress-induced immune, neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations in mice.

Emerging evidence suggests that there is a window of opportunity within the early developmental period, when microbiota-based interventions could play a major role in modulating the gut-brain axis and, thereby, in preventing mood disorders. This study aims at evaluating the effects and mode of action of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 in a murine model of chronic stress induced by maternal separation (MS). C57Bl/6J male breast-fed pups were divided into four groups, which were subjected or not to MS and supplemented with placebo or B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 until postnatal period (P) 21 and followed-up until P41. Behavioral tests were performed and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed including corticosterone, cytokine/chemokine concentrations and neurotransmitters. Microbiota was also analyzed in stools by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 administration attenuated some aspects of the excessive MS-induced stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly corticosterone production at baseline and in response to subsequent acute stress in adulthood. B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 also down-regulated MS-induced intestinal inflammation (reducing interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) and intestinal hypercatecholaminergic activity (reducing dopamine [DA] and adrenaline [A] concentrations) at P21. These effects have a long-term impact on the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mice since MS mice fed B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 showed lower anxiety levels than placebo-fed MS mice, as well as normal neurotransmitter levels in the hypothalamus. The anti-inflammatory effect of B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 seemed to be related to an improvement in glucocorticoid sensitivity in mesenteric lymph node immunocompetent cells at P21. The administration of B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 to MS animals also reversed intestinal dysbiosis affecting the proportions of ten Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at P21, which could partly explain the restoration of immune, neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations caused by stress in early and later life. In summary, we show that B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 is able to beneficially modulate the consequences of chronic stress on the HPA response produced by MS during infancy with long-lasting effects in adulthood, via modulation of the intestinal neurotransmitter and cytokine network with short and long-term consequences in brain biochemistry and behavior.

Efectividad de la punción seca de un punto gatillo miofascial versus manipulación de codo sobre el dolor y fuerza máxima de prensión de la mano / Effectiveness of a myofascial trigger point dry needling versus elbow manipulation on pain and maximum hand grip strength

Objetivo Comparar el efecto provocado por la aplicación de manipulación de codo, punción seca o punción seca placebo sobre el umbral de dolor a la presión (UDP), la intensidad subjetiva de dolor y la fuerza de agarre en sujetos con punto gatillo miofascial (PGM) latente en la musculatura epicondílea. Material y métodos Se seleccionó a 52 participantes (26,9±7,6 años) con PGM latente en la musculatura epicondílea; 50 sujetos se integraron en el estudio controlado, doble ciego y aleatorizado. Se utilizó un algómetro para la medición de UDP, una escala analógica visual (EAV) para la intensidad subjetiva de dolor y un dinamómetro de mano para la fuerza máxima de prensión. Todo ello en 3 momentos de medición: preintervención, post-intervención y transcurridos 10 min. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un ANOVA mixto, p ≤ 0,05.ResultadosLos datos obtenidos mostraron un efecto significativo de la interacción grupo y tiempo para el UDP (p=0,01). Se produjo una disminución del UDP significativa (p=0,02) a los 10 min de la intervención comparado con el valor obtenido inmediatamente tras la intervención en el grupo manipulación. Para la variable del dolor medido mediante la EAV se observó un efecto significativo del factor tiempo (p=0,004).Conclusiones No se ha podido demostrar que la manipulación o la punción seca resulten superiores a la punción placebo en beneficios sobre el dolor, el UDP y la respuesta de fuerza de agarre en mano(AU)

Objective To compare the effect caused by a single application of elbow manipulation, dry needling and sham dry needling on pain and grip strength threshold (PPT) on subjects with latent myofascial trigger point (MTP) in the lateral epicondyle musculature. Material and methods A total of 52 participants (26.9±7.6 age) with latent MTP in the epicondyle musculature were enrolled. Fifty subjects were integrated in the double blind, randomized and controlled study. An algometer was used to measure PPT, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure the subjective intensity of pain and hand dynamometer to measure maximum grip strength. Three different points in time were measured: pre-intervention, post-intervention and 10minutes following the intervention. The statistical analysis was performed by a mixed ANOVA using P≤.05.ResultsStatistical analysis showed a significant effect for group per time interaction for the PPT (P=.01). Post-hoc tests showed a significant decrease of the PPT (P=.02) 10 minutes after the intervention compared to the post-intervention value for the manipulation group. Subjective pain measured by the VAS showed a significant effect for the time factor (P=.004).Conclusions It was not possible to demonstrate that manipulation or dry needling is superior to placebo puncture in benefits on pain, PPT and handgrip strength (AU)

Leptina, embarazo y reproducción / Leptin, pregnancy and reproduction

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Carcinoma tubárico primitivo y polimiositis / Primary primitive fallopian tube carcinoma and polymiositis

Los autores aportan un caso de asociación de un carcinoma tubárico primitivo a una polimiositis. Se trata de una paciente de 53 años, que consultó por dolores pelvianos, metrorragias y leucorreas amarillentas, con una masa pelviana de difícil movilización y móvil a la exploración clínica, y una masa laterouterina derecha con hidrosálpinx en la ecografía pelviana. El diagnóstico definitivo lo aportó el examen ana tomoclínico de la pieza de anexectomía derecha. La histerectomía total sin conservación anexial no dejó residuo tumoral. La paciente perdió contacto con nosotros sin tratamiento complementario y reconsultó 3 años después por una impotencia funcional de los miembros superiores, seguida de los inferiores, mialgias, alteraciones de la deglución y aparición de una adenopatía supraclavicular izquierda. Los exámenes clínicos, paraclínicos y anatomopatológicos mostraron que se trataba de un adenocarcinoma tubárico derecho con recaída ganglionar pelviana y metastásica supraclavicular izquierda, con polimiositis paraneoplásica. La paciente se ha beneficiado de 6 sesiones de quimioterapia, después de radioterapia en el hueco subclavicular izquierdo, a la dosis de 45 Gy. La respuesta al tratamiento ha sido excelente, y la paciente está en remisión completa después de un margen de 50 meses tras el diagnóstico. La asociación de cáncer de la trompa con una polimiositis es excepcional, y es necesaria una terapia antineoplásica rápida para tratar el cáncer y la polimiositis paraneoplásica (AU)

We report a case of a primitive fallopian tube carcinoma associated with polymyositis. A 53­year-old woman consulted for pelvic pain, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea. Physical examination revealed a renitent and mobile mass in the pelvis. Ultrasonography showed a right lateral uterine mass with hydrosalpinx. Pathological examination of the right annexectomy specimen provided the definitive diagnosis. No residual tumor was found at total hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy. The patient was lost to follow-up for 3 years without complementary treatment and then consulted again for functional disability first of the upper limbs and subsequently of the lower limbs with myalgia, swallowing disorders and left supraclavicular node enlargement resulting from pelvic relapse of the right fallopian tube adenocarcinoma and left supraclavicular metastasis with paraneoplastic polymyositis. The patient was given 6 courses of chemotherapy with radiotherapy (45 Gy) centered on the left clavicular region. The patient showed excellent response to treatment, and remains in complete remission 50 months after diagnosis. The association of fallopian tube carcinoma with polymyositis is exceptional, requiring rapid treatment effective against the cancer and paraneoplastic polymyositis (AU)

Transection of rat fimbria-fornix induces lasting expression of c-Jun protein in axotomized septal neurons immunonegative for choline acetyltransferase and nitric oxide synthase.

The fimbria-fornix (FF) fiber tract was unilaterally transected in adult rats by a stereotaxic knife cut. In the axotomized neurons of the medial septal nucleus (MS) and ventral diagonal band of Broca (VDB), the expression of Jun, Fos, Krox, CREB transcription factors, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were studied by immunocytochemistry. In addition, NADPH-diaphorase (NDP) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) were visualized by activity assays. For retrograde tracing of axotomized neurons, either HRP-coupled gold was injected in the entorhinal cortex prior to axotomy, or Fast Blue was injected into the transection site subsequently to FF transection. Following FF transection c-Jun and in a less extend JunD were expressed in axotomized MS and VDB neurons. Expression levels rose at 24 h, but not at 18 h, postaxotomy, reached their maximal levels between 5 and 7 days, and then gradually declined. Up to 100 days, c-Jun was still present in a substantial number of septal neurons. JunB, Krox-20, Krox-24, c-Fos, and pan-Fos immunoreactivities (IR) were not detectable in axotomized septal neurons and CREB-IR did not change compared to the intact contralateral side. ChAT-IR dramatically declined over 36 h, and furthermore AChE reactivity had substantially fallen after 5 days. The number and intensity of cytoplasmic neuronal NOS-IR and NDP which generated congruent temporospatial patterns gradually fell between 3 and 5 days postaxotomy. The surviving neurons labeled by NOS and NDP showed a high coexpression of c-Jun, whereas c-Jun was almost completely absent in neurons stained for ChAT and AChE. Finally, ChAT-IR and NDP reaction labeled different subpopulations. Our findings demonstrate a lasting expression of the c-Jun transcription factor in axotomized MS and VDB neurons that might indicate the regenerative propensity of damaged neurons. The decrease of NOS and NDP in MS and VDB neurons demonstrates that neuronal populations respond to axotomy with an individual regulation of NOS expression.