Vitamin B3 Supplementation for Optic Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Review.

Optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma, are some of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. There has been a lot of research for potential therapies that could attenuate and even reduce the impact of the pathological pathways that lead to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In recent years, vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) has gained some interest as a viable option for these neurodegenerative diseases due to its fundamental role in enhancing the mitochondria metabolism of the RGCs. This review focuses on elucidating the impact of vitamin B3 on retinal cells, especially when in a dysfunctional state like what happens in optic neuropathies, especially glaucoma. This review also summarizes the existing and future research on the clinical effects of vitamin B3 in these optic neuropathies, and determines appropriate recommendations regarding its dosing, efficacy, and eventual side effects.

Pediatric Burns Debridement Under Sedoanalgesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effective Alternative.

Early debridement of childhood burns under sedoanalgesia in the emergency department (ED) may help to reduce the need of surgery and delay in treatment. We performed a retrospective study in burned children who underwent debridement in the ED under sedoanalgesia between March 2020 and December 2020 (COVID group), and were compared with the same months in 2019 (control group). Demographics, burns features, admission rate, and estimated costs associated were collected. A total of 733 children presented at the ED with burns (302 COVID group and 431 control group) without significant differences in burn features between them. Admission rate was significantly lower in COVID group (9.4% vs 19.4%; P < .001), as was the total associated cost for each group ($101 585 vs $209 656; P < .001). The use of sedoanalgesia for the early treatment of pediatric burns in the ED during COVID-19 pandemic is a cost-effective alternative that has reduced the need for hospital admission and associated costs.

Fibromialgia y síndrome de dolor miofascial abordadas desde la liberación miofascial y la punción seca / Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome addressed from the myofascial release techniques and dry needle

La terapia manual es un área de la fisioterapia que utiliza técnicas con finalidades terapéuticas sobre tejidos musculares, óseos, conjuntivos y nerviosos, para favorecer reacciones fisiológicas que promueven la disminución del dolor. Objetivo: Describir, mediante revisión los efectos reportados en la literatura científica, las técnicas de liberación miofascial y punción seca en pacientes con Fibromialgia y Síndrome de Dolor Miofascial. Método: Se realizó una revisión a de Ensayos Clínicos Controlados en materia de intervención con técnicas de liberación miofascial y punción seca en pacientes con diagnóstico de fibromialgia y síndrome de dolor miofascial. Se excluyeron estudios en participantes con trastornos psiquiátricos y neurológicos, o con participación en otro tipo de tratamiento. La consulta se realizó en diferentes bases de datos: Pubmed, Elsevier, Ebscohost, Proquest, Pedro mediante términos DeCS. Resultados: El análisis de resultados se realizó a partir de la clasificación de los documentos según las técnicas de liberación miofascial (masaje, inducción miofascial, presión manual o isquémica) y la punción seca. Las medidas efecto varían de acuerdo a los diferentes protocolos de intervención, con un valor p< 0.001 y 0.005. Discusión: Se demuestra que tanto las técnicas de liberación miofascial como la punción seca, logran disminuir el dolor, mejorar rangos de movimiento y la funcionalidad principalmente en pacientes con Fibromialgia y Síndrome de Dolor Miofascial

Manual therapy is a physiotherapy area that uses techniques on muscle, bone, conjunctive and nervous tissues with therapeutic purposes, to favor physiological reactions that promote pain reduction. Objective: To describe, by reviewing the effects reported in the scientific literature, the techniques of myofascial release and dry needling in patients with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome. Method: A review of controlled clinical trials was made in terms of intervention, with myofascial release techniques and dry needling, in patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome. Studies with participants with psychiatric and neurological disorders, or with participation in another type of treatment, were excluded. The inquiry was made in different databases: Pubmed, Elsevier, Ebscohost, Proquest, Pedro using DeCS terms. Results: The results analysis was made from clasifying the documents according to myofascial release techniques (massage, myofascial induction, manual or ischemic pressure) and dry needling. The effect measures vary according to the different intervention protocols, with a p value of <0.001 and 0.005. Discussion: It is demonstrated that both myofascial release and dry needling techniques, manage to reduce pain, improve range of motion and functionality mainly in patients with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome.

Study of the microbiodegradation of terpenoid resin-based varnishes from easel painting using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The alterations produced by microbiological attack on terpenoid resin-based varnishes from panel and canvas paintings have been evaluated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed methods include the on-line derivatisation of drying oils and diterpenoid resins using hexamethyldisilazane during pyrolysis and the application of methyl chloroformate as a derivatisation reagent for triterpenoid resins in GC-MS. Two types of specimens, consisting of model oil medium prepared from linseed oil and model spirit varnishes prepared from colophony and mastic resins dissolved in turpentine, have been used as reference materials. For a series of specimens upon which different genera of bacteria and fungi were inoculated and encouraged to grow, analyses indicated that no mechanisms that commonly occur during the attack of enzymes on drying oils and terpenoid biodegraders were observed to occur in the oil medium and varnishes studied. Thus, the degradation pathways observed in the performed trials usually occur as consequence of natural ageing. Specific trials consisting of the application of biocides to uninoculated colophony varnish resulted in the identification of processes that produce undesirable degradation of the varnish due to interactions between the biocide and the varnish components. Finally, the studied biocides--Biotin, New-Des and Nipagine--generally exhibited good inhibiting effects on the microorganisms studied, although some interesting differences were found between them regarding the application method and type of biocide.