Influence of Sapindus mukorossi extract in comparison to 17% EDTA as final root canal irrigant on the sealer penetration and microleakage of dentinal tubules.

OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the effect of Sapindus mukorossi (SM) extract as a final root canal irrigant on sealer penetration (SP) in dentinal tubules and microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. An access opening in all samples was performed and the working length was decided using pro taper for canal finishing along with constant irrigation. Specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was irrigated with 3 ml of 17% EDTA; group 2 was irrigated with SM irrigant and group 3 samples were irrigated with 0.9% saline. After obturation, samples were vertically placed in 1% methylene blue dye cut in half longitudinally, and viewed under a stereomicroscope. Analysis of SP in the dentinal tubule was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For microleakage assessment, mean and standard deviation were reported and One-Way ANOVA was applied. SP was compared using Kruskal-Wallis' test. For inspecting the interaction between SM/EDTA and NaOCl, Fisher's exact test was applied. No statistically significant difference between microleakage in any of the tested groups was observed. The control group showed minimum leakage as compared to EDTA and SM. RESULTS: The results displayed that there was no significant difference, (p=0.67), between dentinal tubule SP at 2 mm. A significant difference between dentinal tubule SP among groups at 5 mm was observed (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SM ethanolic extract showed comparable outcomes of smear layer removal and sealer penetration to 17% EDTA, as a final irrigant in root canal cleaning. Therefore, SM has the potential to be used as an adjuvant final irrigant in conjunction with NaOCl.

The effect of 805 nm near-infrared photobiomodulation on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in murine rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of near infra-red gallium-aluminium-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser (805 nm) irradiation on proliferation and differentiation of rat femoral bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in osteogenic medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMSCs were obtained from femurs of 60 Sprague Dawley rats (200 gm). The control group comprised isolated BMSCs supplemented with an osteogenic differentiation medium. On the other hand, in the experimental group, the BMSCs were irradiated with a near-infrared laser in addition to an osteogenic differentiation medium. The experimental group was irradiated with a soft tissue laser comprising of allium-aluminium-arsenic (Ga-Al-Ar) Diode at a near-infrared wavelength of 805 nm in continuous mode. The different output powers applied were 0.5 W, 1.0 W, 1.5 W and 2.0 W respectively. Various energy levels of 1, 4, 7 and 10 J were used for irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and Alizarin staining were performed to confirm osteogenic differentiation. Statistical analysis was done using a one-way ANOVA and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: According to our findings, 1.27 J/cm2 was the optimal energy density value that significantly increased the BMSC proliferation at the output of 1.5 W with the power density of 1.27 W/cm2. On 1.27 J/cm2, there was a significant difference compared to the control group on the first day, and the osteogenic differentiation increased significantly on the 4th day compared to the 1st day. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, 1.27 J/cm2 was the optimal energy density value that significantly increased the BMSC proliferation at the output of 1.5 W with the power density of 1.27 W/cm2.