RESUMO
Systematic optimisation of a poorly soluble lead series of isoxazole-3-carboxamides was conducted. Substitution of the 4-position with specific polar functionality afforded the requisite balance of potency, solubility and physicochemical properties. Compound 21a was found to be efficacious in the rat Capsaicin Hargreaves assay following oral administration.
Assuntos
Cicloexanóis/química , Isoxazóis/química , Canais de Cátion TRPV/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Amidas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Capsaicina/toxicidade , Cicloexanóis/farmacocinética , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Isoxazóis/farmacocinética , Isoxazóis/uso terapêutico , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismoRESUMO
We report an expansion of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of indole-3-heterocyclic CB1 receptor agonists. Starting from the potent but poorly soluble lead, 1, a rational approach was taken in order to balance solubility, hERG activity and potency while retaining the desired long duration of action within the mouse tail flick test. This led to the discovery of compound 38 which successfully progressed into clinical development.
Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Indóis/química , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Tiazóis/química , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacocinética , Camundongos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/síntese química , Tiazóis/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Optimisation of a screening hit incorporating both TRPV1 activity and solubility was conducted. Substitution of the isoxazole-3-carboxamide with the bespoke 1S, 3R-3-aminocyclohexanol motif afforded the requisite balance of potency and solubility. Compounds 32 and 40 were found to have antihyperalgesic effects in the rat CFA Hg assay and induce a mechanism based hyperthermia.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Cicloexanóis/química , Isoxazóis/química , Canais de Cátion TRPV/antagonistas & inibidores , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/síntese química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Cicloexanóis/síntese química , Cicloexanóis/farmacocinética , Hipertermia Induzida , Isoxazóis/síntese química , Isoxazóis/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismoRESUMO
Hit compound 1, a selective noradrenaline re-uptake transporter (NET) inhibitor was optimised to build in potency at the serotonin re-uptake transporter (SERT) whilst maintaining selectivity against the dopamine re-uptake transporter (DAT). During the optimisation of 1 it became clear that selectivity against the Kv11.1 potassium ion channel (hERG) was also a parameter for optimisation within the series. Discrete structural changes to the molecule as well as a lowering of global cLogP successfully increased the hERG selectivity to afford compound 11 m, which was efficacious in a mouse model of inflammatory pain, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced thermal hyperalgesia and a rat model of neuropathic pain, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced mechanical allodynia.
Assuntos
Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Norepinefrina/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/química , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/química , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/química , Tropanos/química , Animais , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/metabolismo , Canal de Potássio ERG1 , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/metabolismo , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/síntese química , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tropanos/síntese química , Tropanos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The discovery and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of indole-2-carboxamide antagonists of the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor is disclosed. Compound 26i was found to be a high potency, selective cannabinoid CB(1) antagonist.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Indóis/química , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Animais , Cães , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/farmacocinética , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A two-layer polymer microfluidic device is presented which creates nine linear dilutions from two input fluid streams mixed in varying volumetric proportions. The linearity of the nine dilutions is conserved when the flow rate is held constant at 1.0 microl min(-1) (R(2) = 0.9995) and when it is varied from 0.5-16 microl min(-1) (R(2) = 0.9998). An analytical expression is presented for designing microfluidic devices with arbitrary numbers of linear dilutions. To demonstrate the efficacy of this device, primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were stained with nine dilutions of calcein, resulting in a linear spread of fluorescent intensities (R(2) = 0.94). The operating principles of the device can be scaled up to incorporate any number of linear dilutions. This scalability, coupled with an intrinsic ability to create linear dilutions under a variety of operating conditions, makes the device applicable to high throughput screening applications such as combinatorial chemistry or cytotoxicity assays.