Anti-proliferative effects of paeonol on human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3

Paeonol (Pae) is the main active ingredient from the root bark of Paeonia moutan and the grass of Radix Cynanchi Paniculati. Numerous reports indicate that Pae effectively inhibits several types of cancer lines. In this study, we report that Pae hinders prostate cancer growth both in vivo and in vitro. Human prostate cancer lines DU145 and PC-3 were cultured in the presence of Pae. The xenograft tumor in mice was established by subcutaneous injection of DU145 cells. Cell growth was measured by MTT, and the apoptosis was detected by the flow cytometry. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, and mTOR were tested by western blotting assay. DU145 and PC-3 showed remarkable sensitivity to Pae, and exposure to Pae induced dose-and time-dependent growth inhibitory responses. Moreover, treatment of Pae promoted apoptosis and enhanced activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in DU145. Further work demonstrated Pae reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in DU145. Interestingly, we observed that Pae significantly decreased phosphorylated status of Akt and mTOR, and inhibitory effects of Pae and PI3K/Akt inhibitor on DU145 proliferation were synergistic. Finally, we confirmed that oral administration of Pae to the DU145 tumor-bearing mice significantly lowered tumor cell proliferation and led to tumor regression. Pae possesses inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and the anti-proliferative effect may be closely related to its activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway (AU)

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Anti-proliferative effects of paeonol on human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3.

Paeonol (Pae) is the main active ingredient from the root bark of Paeonia moutan and the grass of Radix Cynanchi Paniculati. Numerous reports indicate that Pae effectively inhibits several types of cancer lines. In this study, we report that Pae hinders prostate cancer growth both in vivo and in vitro. Human prostate cancer lines DU145 and PC-3 were cultured in the presence of Pae. The xenograft tumor in mice was established by subcutaneous injection of DU145 cells. Cell growth was measured by MTT, and the apoptosis was detected by the flow cytometry. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, and mTOR were tested by western blotting assay. DU145 and PC-3 showed remarkable sensitivity to Pae, and exposure to Pae induced dose-and time-dependent growth inhibitory responses. Moreover, treatment of Pae promoted apoptosis and enhanced activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in DU145. Further work demonstrated Pae reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in DU145. Interestingly, we observed that Pae significantly decreased phosphorylated status of Akt and mTOR, and inhibitory effects of Pae and PI3K/Akt inhibitor on DU145 proliferation were synergistic. Finally, we confirmed that oral administration of Pae to the DU145 tumor-bearing mice significantly lowered tumor cell proliferation and led to tumor regression. Pae possesses inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and the anti-proliferative effect may be closely related to its activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

One-nanometer-precision control of Al(2)O(3) nanoshells through a solution-based synthesis route.

Forming uniform metal oxide nanocoatings is a well-known challenge in the construction of core-shell type nanomaterials. Herein, by using buffer solution as a specific reaction medium, we demonstrate the possibility to grow thin nanoshells of metal oxides, typically Al2 O3 , on different kinds of core materials, forming a uniform surface-coating layer with thicknesses achieving one nanometer precision. The application of this methodology for the surface modification of LiCoO2 shows that a thin nanoshell of Al2 O3 can be readily tuned on the surface for an optimized battery performance.

Self-assembly and aggregation of melamine and melamine-uric/cyanuric acid investigated by STM and AFM on solid surfaces.

The self-assembly and aggregation of melamine (M), and a mixture of melamine with uric/cyanuric acid (UA/CA) are investigated by performing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on graphite and mica surfaces at room temperature. Two-dimensional (2D) porous molecular networks and disordered adlayers are found, respectively, in the M and UA-M assembly on graphite. Uniformly dispersed nanoparticles of M and UA-M are found at various concentrations by AFM. Owing to complementary NH...O and NH...N hydrogen bonds, the CA-M mixture forms 2D densely packed adlayers and nanoscale crystals on graphite and aggregates into three-dimensional (3D) clusters on the surfaces. The size of the cluster is dependent on the molecular concentration. The results provide important information for the self-assembly of triazine compounds and are significant in the study of kidney disease related to melamine.