RESUMO
This study aimed to establish the baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea from Panax ginseng to prochloraz, and ensure the fitness of prochloraz-resistant mutants and the cross-resistance of B. cinerea to prochloraz and commonly used fungicides for the prevention and control of gray mold including boscalid, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, and pyrimethanil. The sensitivity of B. cinerea from P. ginseng to fungicides was determined by the mycelial growth rate method. The prochloraz-resistant mutants were screened out through fungicide domestication and ultraviolet(UV) induction. The fitness of resistant mutants was determined through the stability of subculture, mycelial growth rate, and pathogenicity test. The cross-resistance between prochloraz and the four fungicides was determined by Person correlation analysis. The results showed that all B. cinerea strains tested were sensitive to prochloraz, and the EC_(50) value ranged from 0.004 8 to 0.062 9 μg·mL~(-1), with an average of 0.022 μg·mL~(-1). The sensitivity frequency distribution diagram showed that 89 B. cinerea strains were located within the main peak with a continuous single peak curve, and the average EC_(50) value of 0.018 μg·mL~(-1) was taken as the baseline sensitivity of B. cinerea to prochloraz. The fungicide domestication and UV induction obtained 6 resistant mutants, among which 2 strains were unstable and the other 2 strains showed decreased resistance after multiple generations of culture. Furthermore, the mycelial growth rate and spore yield of all resistant mutants were lower than those of their parents, and the pathogenicity of most mutants was lower than that of their parents. In addition, prochloraz had no obvious cross-resistance with boscalid, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, and pyrimethanil. In conclusion, prochloraz has great potential for controlling gray mold in P. ginseng, and the resistance risk of B. cinerea to prochloraz is low.
Assuntos
Humanos , Panax , Fungicidas IndustriaisRESUMO
To detect possible pathogenic virus(es) in woad (Isatis tinctoria) cultivated at Institute of Medicinal Plant Development in Beijing, reverse transcription(RT)-PCR was performed using total RNA of symptomatic woad leaves with primers for poty-, polero-, tobamovirus, broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). A 657 bp fragment was amplified from symptomatic woad using CMV primers. Sequencing and BLAST analysis indicated that this fragment shared 99% nucleotide identity and 100% amino acid identity with CMV-Vi isolate. The isolate was named CMV-Isatis tinctorial (CMV-It). Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of CP genes showed that CMV-It clustered with CMV-K and belonged to subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is first identification of CMV in woad by RT-PCR and the CP gene was analyzed. This work provided data for research and control of woad mosaic disease.
RESUMO
Based on previous results of 16S rDNA sequence homologuous and results of physic-biochemical indexes and morphological characteristics in the present work, bacterial strain ge15 isolated from roots of ginseng plants was identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. Confronting incubation results showed that, strain ge15 inhibited the growth of Alternaria panax, Phytophthora cactorum, and Cylindrocapon destructans significantly, and the width of inhibition zone was 13.3, 24.0, 12.0 mm, respectively. Further results showed that the emergence rate and seedling survive rate of ge15 treatment was significantly higher than those of the control, and which was similar to pesticide carbendazol treatment. The ge15 strain has good application potential in ginseng diseases control without contamination.
Assuntos
Alternaria , Fisiologia , Antibiose , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Hypocreales , Fisiologia , Panax , Microbiologia , Phytophthora , Fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas , Microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia , Plântula , Microbiologia , Stenotrophomonas , Classificação , Biologia Celular , FisiologiaRESUMO
Continuously cropping obstacle restricts ginseng production and rational use of land resource severely, and autotoxicity is one of the most important factors. In our previous work, ginseng autotoxin degrading bacteria were isolated, in the present re- search, plate culturing method and traditional physiological and biochemical method were used to analyze biological indices and protective enzyme activities, in order to elucidate the mitigative effect of autotoxin degrading bacteria on autotoxicity of P. ginseng. Results indicated that, except for palmitic acid, autotoxicity of benzonic acid, diisobutyl phthalate, diisobutyl succinate, and 2,2-bis (4- hydroxyphenyl) propane on the growth of ginseng seeds was significantly alleviated after autotoxins degrading bacteria was inoculated, and which have no evident difference with control. Except for benzoic acid, enzyme activity of SOD, POD and CAT in other autotoxin degrading treatments decreased significantly. The present research showed that, microbial degradation could alleviate the autotoxicity of autotoxins on ginseng seeds effectively, and which will be helpful for the resolution of ginseng continuously cropping obstacle problem.
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Bactérias , Metabolismo , Panax , Metabolismo , Microbiologia , Toxinas Biológicas , MetabolismoRESUMO
Panax ginseng is one of the most important traditional Chinese herbal medicine, soil borne diseases influenced the yield and quality severely. In our previous work, endophytic Bacillus subtilis ge25 strain was isolated from ginseng root, and which showed significant antagonistic activity against several most destructive ginseng phytopathogens. In the present work, crude protein and lipopeptid extracts were prepared from LB and Landy supernate by salting out, acid precipitation methods respectively. The antagonistic activity of crude extracts and stability to temperature and protease digestion were examined by ginseng phytopathogen Alternaria panax. Results showed that, the antagonistic activity of crude protein extracts from LB culture was complete and partially lost when treated by high temperature and proteinase K. However, crude lipopeptid from Landy culture showed significant stabile antagonistic activity to them. Acid-hydrolyzation and TLC-bioautography analysis showed, that the crude lipopeptide contained at least one cyclic lipopeptide. In consideration of the stability and perfect antagonistic activity of ge25, further researches will promote the biocontrol of ginseng diseases in the field.
Assuntos
Alternaria , Fisiologia , Bacillus subtilis , Metabolismo , Fisiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias , Metabolismo , Farmacologia , Endopeptidase K , Metabolismo , Endófitos , Metabolismo , Fisiologia , Fermentação , Lipopeptídeos , Farmacologia , Panax , Microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
In this study, traditional plate culturing method was used to isolate autotoxin-degrading microbial strains, and which were then identified by 16S rDNA homological analysis and morphological characteristics. Furthermore, the growth and autotoxin-degrading efficiency of them were analyzed by liquid culturing method and GC-MS to illustrate their autotoxin-degradation characteristics. As a result, five bacterial strains having autotoxin-degrading activity were isolated from 6-years ginseng nonrhizospheric soil successfully, and which can growth successfully by taking autotoxins added artificially as carbon source in liquid culturing condition. Results indicated that it was feasible to isolate autotoxin-degrading bacteria from ginseng nonrhizospheric soil, and the isolated bacterial strains can be used to degrade autotoxins in soils once planted Panax ginseng.
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Bactérias , Classificação , Genética , Metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano , Genética , DNA Ribossômico , Genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Panax , Química , Metabolismo , Microbiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Genética , Solo , Química , Microbiologia do Solo , Toxinas Biológicas , MetabolismoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the Trichodenna spp. for strong antagonist against ginseng root pathogens.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The biological characters of ten Trichoderma strains were compared by culturing on different media. And their antagonistic activity against Phytophthora cactorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Rhizoctonia solani were measured on PDA.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Tv04-2 and Th3080 showed a good growth on soil solution medium and PDA, and also showed high inhibitory efficacy to the three pathogens. The two Trichoderma strains showed different growth rate under light conditions and pH. Trichoderma strains were sensitive to most fungicides used in ginseng root disease controlling, however Tv04-2 was not sensitive to the fungicide Junchong Jueba.</p>
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Ascomicetos , Virulência , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Luz , Panax , Microbiologia , Phytophthora , Virulência , Doenças das Plantas , Microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia , Plantas Medicinais , Microbiologia , Rhizoctonia , Virulência , Microbiologia do Solo , Trichoderma , FisiologiaRESUMO
Much success had been achieved in the following aspect: the filtration of anti-microorganism, the action mechanisms, the inhibitory action in the field and so on. Though the narrow object and the unstable effect really exist now, it still has a broad developing future for it's advantage in keeping ecological balance and in fitting the requirement of GAP.
Assuntos
Bacillus , Fisiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecologia , Fusarium , Virulência , Doenças das Plantas , Microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia , Plantas Medicinais , Microbiologia , Rhizoctonia , Virulência , Microbiologia do Solo , Trichoderma , Classificação , FisiologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the Biological effect of seed-coating in Carthamus tinctorins.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two kinds of seedcoating chemicals SCF1 and SCF2 were used in this experiment, the seed YM-99 and 27981-99 were coated by three kinds of ratio of seedcoating chemicals to seed. It was investigated that the germination energy and germination percentage in the room and the emergence rate, seedling stage growing, pest in the field.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seedoating can improve the emergence rate and seedling stage growing, it also can effectively control aphid, rust and virosis during the growing period in C. tinctorins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Seedcoating has significant biological effect in C. tinctorins.</p>
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Carthamus , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Germinação , Praguicidas , Farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , SementesRESUMO
Medicinal plants always suffer from diseases and pests in their cultivation and growing, and the yield and quality are reduced. At present, chemical pesticide is mainly used to control the diseases and pests. The long-term use and over-use of pesticide result in pesticide residue, pests resistance to pesticide, water and soil pollution and other environmental contamination. It is necrssary to provide the integrated pests management, including new technology of biological control for developing green drug. This project makes research on the following aspects: 1. Applied studies on bethyloid wasp (Scleroderma guani) control for stem borer; 2. To develop Trichoderma spp. and use it to control the diseases of medicinal plants; 3. Applying Agro-antibiotics 120 to control phytophthora root rot of ginseng; 4. Researches on application of entomopathogenic nematodes against ten-spotted lema (Lema decempuntata) et al.
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Animais , Himenópteros , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Doenças das Plantas , Plantas Medicinais , TrichodermaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To control the medicinal plant diseases with the preparation of Trichoderma harzianum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Antagonistic action of the preparation to the pathogens of the medicinal plants in vitro, and controling effects of the preparation on these diseases in greenhouse and in the field were tested.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The test in vitro showed that Trichoderma harzianum, used as a biocontrol factor, had stronger antagonistic action to Fusarium equiseti, Sclerotinia sp. and Rhizoctonia solani which were the medicinal plant pathogens of Astragalus membranaceus, Glehnia littoralis and Panax quinquefolium respectively. Biological controling effects on sclerotium root rot of Glehnia littoralis were 83.6% and 72.5% respectively in greenhouse and in the field with the preparation of Trichoderma harzianum. And controling effects on root rot of Astragalus membranaceus and seedling damping-off of Panax quinquefolium were 80% and 60% respectively in the field. The dosage of the preparation used in the field was 10 g.m-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preparation of Trichoderma harzianum can be used as a substitute for such chemicals as Carbendazim. Using the preparation to control medicinal plant diseases provides a technical safeguard for the good agricultural practice of medicinal plants.</p>
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Apiaceae , Microbiologia , Ascomicetos , Virulência , Astragalus propinquus , Microbiologia , Fusarium , Virulência , Panax , Microbiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Métodos , Doenças das Plantas , Microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia , Plantas Medicinais , Microbiologia , Rhizoctonia , Virulência , Microbiologia do Solo , Trichoderma , FisiologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the Pollination Characteristic of C. deserticola.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four pollination methods were used, cross pollination coming different plant, cross pollination in one plant, wind pollination and no-pollination.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Cross pollinations coming different plant are fructiferous. The average fructication rate of cross pollination coming different plant is 94.1%; the average fructication rate of cross pollination in one plant is 52.2%; The seed qulitity of cross pollination coming different plant is better than the cross pollination in one plant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cross pollinations coming different plant have a high quantity and quality of seeds of C. deserticola.</p>