Effect of music intervention on mental health in patients with diabetes mellitus: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizsed controlled trials.

INTRODUCTION: About 463 million adults aged 20-79 have diabetes globally. Mental disorders often exist in patients with diabetes as comorbidities, which can lead to aggravation of the diseases, increased difficulties in treatment, as well as elevated mortality rates. Music intervention has been applied in the treatment of comorbidities for 12 years now, but there are still no recommendations due to the lack of evidence. Thus, a meta-analysis is necessary to evaluate the effect of music intervention in treating mental disorders of patients with diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search the following nine online electronic databases from their inception until March 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical and Medical Database. We also plan to search other relevant resources, including grey literature and the reference lists of relevant publications. Only randomised controlled trials of music intervention to treat depression or anxiety in patients with diabetes will be involved. The primary outcomes include the depression score and anxiety score measured on certain scales, and the secondary outcome is safety. Data extraction will be independently implemented by two researchers. The risk of bias will be evaluated through the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Eventually, all the data will be analysed via the Review Manager V.5.3 software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This meta-analysis will provide information about applying music intervention to treat depression or anxiety in patients with diabetes. No ethical approval is required because this meta-analysis is based on published data. The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019146439.

The infrared radiation spectrum of acupoint taiyuan (LU 9) in asthma patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distinctive pathological characteristics in the spectrums of spontaneous infrared radiation at the Taiyuan (LU 9) acupoint in patients with asthma. METHODS: A highly sensitive infrared spectrum detecting device was used to detect the spectrums of spontaneous infrared radiation at Taiyuan (LU 9) in 37 asthma patients and 34 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Asthma patients had significantly lower infrared intensity than that of the healthy volunteers (P>0.01). Asthma patients had significantly lower overall infrared radiation intensity at the left Taiyuan (LU 9) than that of healthy volunteers (P > 0.05), but there was no significant difference between healthy volunteers and asthma patients at the right Taiyuan (LU 9) (P > 0.05). The infrared radiation intensity of 17 wavelength spots at the left Taiyuan (LU 9) and 4 wavelength spots at the right Taiyuan (LU 9) in asthma patients were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). At 2 microm, the infrared radiation intensity of asthma patients was significantly stronger than that of healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). At 19 wavelength spots in the healthy volunteers and at 4 wave-length spots in the asthma patients, the left Taiyuan (LU 9) showed a significantly stronger intensity than that of the right Taiyuan (LU 9) (P > 0.05S). By Pearson's chi2 test, healthy volunteers had more wavelength spots that were significantly different between the left and right Taiyuan (LU 9) than the asthma patients (P > 0.01). CONCLUSION: Changes in the infrared spectrum at the Taiyuan (LU 9) acupoint in asthma patients may reflect distinct pathological changes. Certain acupuncture points may be related to specific organs.

Effects of laser irradiation on arthritic histopathology and heat shock protein 70 expression in C57 black mice with osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of three different laser treatments (650 nm alone, 10.6 µm alone and combined laser of 650 nm and 10.6 µm) on experimental osteoarthritis of the knees in C57 black mice. METHODS: Sixty C57 black mice were divided randomly into 6 groups. Ten mice were assigned to a normal control group (no intervention) and the other 5 groups were subjected to a forced running regimen to induce osteoarthritis. One group was set as the model control group. The other 4 groups were given 90 s of a 650 nm laser, 90 s of a 10.6 µm laser, 90 s of a combined laser, or a sham treatment on acupoint Dubi (ST35) of the rear left leg 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The modified Mankin score was used to evaluate the degree of cartilage degradation. Immunohistochemical staining for heat shock protein (HSP) 70 was conducted. RESULTS: Mankin scores of the model control group and the sham control group were significantly higher than that of the normal control group (P<0.01). Mankin score of the combined laser group was significantly lower than that of the model control group (P<0.01). Compared with the normal control group, there was a significant induction of HSP70 in the arthritic chondrocytes of the combined laser group. CONCLUSION: The arthritic cartilage induced in C57 black mice improved significantly after combined laser treatment of 650 nm and 10.6 µm lasers. This effect may be related to the induction of HSP70 in the arthritic chondrocytes. The two different lasers appear to have a synergistic effect.

[Knee osteoarthritis treated with moxibustion: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of moxibustion on the improvement in pain, stiffness and motor disturbance for the patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion therapy. METHODS: Fifty-nine cases of knee OA were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (31 cases) and a placebo moxibustion group (28 cases), in which moxa cone and placebo moxa sticker were applied to Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35) and Ashi points separately, 3 cones on each point in each treatment. The treatment was given once every two days, 3 times per week, continuously for 6 weeks. The follow-up visit was performed in 6 weeks after the end of treatment. The Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the time of 46-meter walking at the fastest speed were adopted to evaluate the recovery of joint function. UT-325 digital thermal detector was used to record the temperature change at the most apparent pain points of knee joint before and after moxibustion treatment. RESULTS: In moxibustion group, the scores in WOMAC were reduced apparently in 3 and 6 weeks treatment and during follow-up visit, separately (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In placebo moxibustion group, during follow-up visit, the score of stiffness was lower as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). In 6 weeks of treatment and during follow-up visit, the scores of pain, stiffness and motor disturbance in moxibustion group were reduced much more remarkably as compared with placebo moxibustion group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In moxibustion group, after treatment for 6 weeks,the time of 46-meter walking at the fastest speed was shorter apparently as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01), but there was no apparent improvement after treatment in placebo moxibustion group (P > 0.05). The difference was not significant statistically in group comparison (P > 0.05). After moxibustion, the temperature at treatment point was (49.81 +/- 3.10) degrees C in moxibustion group and was (40.98 +/- 1.67) degrees C in placebo moxibustion group. The local skin temperature increased apparently as compared with that before treatment in either group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), but the temperature increasing in moxibustion group was much more remarkable (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Moxibustion can obviously improve in the clinical symptoms for the patients with knee osteoarthritis, such as pain, stiffness and motor disturbance. It is a safe and effective therapy.

[Clinical observation on acupoint irradiation with combined laser or red light on patients with knee osteoarthritis of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of combined laser on patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type. METHODS: Forty-one cases with knee OA of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type were randomly divided into a combined laser group (n = 22) and a red light group (n = 19), with combined laser and red light irradiation on Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), respectively. They were treated for 6 weeks. The scores of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities' Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC VA3. 1) were used for assessment of therapeutic effects. RESULTS: After treatment for 2 weeks and 6 weeks, the WOMAC scores significantly decreased in the two groups as compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). The mean improvement rate of WOMAC scores in the combined laser group was better than those in the red light group. CONCLUSION: Combined laser irradiation can improve the pain, stiffness and functional limitation of patients with knee OA of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type.

[Determination of life elements in hair and urine with brick-tea fluorosis in Inner Mongolia by ICP-OES].

In brick-tea fluorosis affected areas XiLinHot city in Inner Mongolia, herdsmen who like drinking a large amount of brick tea in everyday life and Han habitants rarely drinking brick tea as control group were enrolled, and their hair and urine were sampled. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Al, P, Cu, Zn and Fe in hair and urine were detected using ICP-OES. The RSDs of the method were between 2.32% and 8.03%, and the analytical results of the hair reference samples were consistent with the certified values. The results showed that the contents of Al, Mg and K in hair, and contents of Al and Ca in urine of herdsmen who were accustomed to drinking brick tea were obviously higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while the contents of K in urine of herdsmen who were accustomed to drinking brick tea was lower than those in control group (P<0.05), and other elements did not have statistic significance (P>0.05). Chronically drinking brick tea probably brings metabolic disorder of Ca and Al in human body, and the interaction mechanism of life elements in brick-tea fluorosis should be further studied.

[Effect of infrared laser on pituitrin-induced bradycardia in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of infrared laser stimulation on Neiguan (PC 6) for bradycardia of rabbits induced by injection of pituitrin. METHODS: 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser, 650 nm semiconductor red laser and the compound laser of their aggregation were sent out by a compound laser sanatory instrument to stimulate Neiguan (PC 6) respectively for the purpose of analyzing the differences of the effects exerted by infrared laser and red laser as well as the changes of the effects after their aggregation. RESULTS: After 30 min and 40 min of the injection of pituitrin, the heart rate showed no significant difference between 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser group and the normal control group (P>0.05). However, the heart rate showed significant difference between the 650 nm semiconductor red laser group and the normal control group (P<0.05). After 30 min of the injection of pituitrin, the heart rate of the compound laser group were significantly different to that of the untreated group (P<0.05), and it was not significantly different to that of the normal control group (P>0.05). However, the heart rate of non-acupoint stimulated by the compound laser group showed no significant difference to that of the untreated group (P>0.05), and it was significantly different to that of the normal control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Stimulation on Neiguan with 10.6 microm CO(2) infrared laser can evidently improve the bradycardia induced by injection of pituitrin, while the 650 nm semiconductor red laser has no such function, but they have coordinating effect. The thermal effect produced by CO(2) infrared laser stimulating acupoint is probably beneficial for semiconductor laser penetrating skin as well as the biochemical reactions it carries. The improvement of heart rate produced by the laser stimulation on Neiguan (PC 6) has relative specificity.

[Determination of nine life elements in brick tea by ICP-AES].

ICP-AES was used for the direct determination of nine life elements (Ca, Mg, K, Al, P, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) in brick tea. The RSDs of the method were between 2.11% and 8.68%, and the analytical results of the tea reference samples were consistent with the certified values. The method was simple and accuracy. The analytical results of brick tea were compared with those of the ordinary leaf tea (green tea, scent tea and oolong tea). The Al, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg contents of brick tea were about 5.78, 3.26, 2.19, 2.11 and 1.64 times higher than those of the ordinary leaf tea respectively. The P, K, Zn and Cu contents of brick tea were 48.70%, 85.68%, 78.19% and 98.78% times lower than those of the ordinary leaf tea respectively.