Dietary docosahexaenoic acid reduces fat deposition and alleviates liver damage induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharides in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Liver health is important to maintain survival and growth of fish. Currently, the role of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in improving fish liver health is largely unknown. This study investigated the role of DHA supplementation in fat deposition and liver damage caused by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four diets were formulated as control diet (Con), Con supplemented with 1 % DHA, 2 % DHA and 4 % DHA diets, respectively. The diets were fed to 25 Nile tilapia (2.0 ± 0.1 g, average initial weight) in triplicates for four weeks. After the four weeks, 20 fish in each treatment were randomly selected and injected with a mixture of 500 mg D-GalN and 10 µL LPS per mL to induce acute liver injury. The results showed that the Nile tilapia fed on DHA diets decreased visceral somatic index, liver lipid content and serum and liver triglyceride concentrations than those fed on the Con diet. Moreover, after D-GalN/LPS injection, the fish fed on DHA diets decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase activities in the serum. The results of liver qPCR and transcriptomics assays together showed that the DHA diets feeding improved liver health by downregulating the expression of the genes related to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, inflammation and apoptosis. This study indicates that DHA supplementation in Nile tilapia alleviates the liver damage caused by D-GalN/LPS through increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing lipogenesis, TLR4 signaling pathway, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our study provides novel knowledge on the role of DHA in improving liver health in cultured aquatic animals for sustainable aquaculture.

Novel third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case study.

Although Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia (Ph + -ALL) has been revolutionized with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), resistance and mutation are universal events during treatment with first-generation and second-generation TKIs. The present third-generation TKI has a dose-dependent, increased risk of serious cardiovascular events and the sensitivity is poor for patients with ≥2 mutations accompanied by the T315I mutation. Thus, novel and well-tolerated TKIs should be explored. This study analyzes the efficacy and advert effects of olverembatinib, a novel third TKI, in the treatment of newly diagnosed adult Ph + -ALL in induction therapy. Four adult patients with newly diagnosed Ph + -ALL were treated with olverembatinib as the first-line treatment. For induction therapy, these patients received 40 mg of oral olverembatinib quaque omni die for 28 days, 1 mg/kg/d of prednisone for 14 days, then tapered and stopped at 28 days and vindesine 4 mg/d at days 1, 8 and 15. After induction therapy, these patients received median or high-dose of cytarabine and methotrexate combined with oral olverembatinib as consolidation therapy. Then the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was performed. All patients reached complete remission with a complete cytogenetic response after induction therapy. Two patients reached major molecular remission and one with complete molecular remission. Before allo-HSCT, all the patients achieved complete molecular remission. All the patients have survived disease-free for 3-6 months. No severe advert effects were observed. It is well-tolerated and effective for olverembatinib in the treatment of newly diagnosed adult patients with Ph + -ALL. A prospective study should be performed to further testify the role.

Correlations of IL-1ß and vitamin D with CAT score in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study was to analyze the correlations of IL-1ß and vitamin D (VitD) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) score in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). For this purpose, a total of 65 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated in our hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled and assigned to a research group, and 40 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in our hospital over the same time spanning were enrolled into the control group. The 65 COPD patients were further grouped into a stability group (30 cases) and an exacerbation group (35 cases). The two groups were compared in the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and blood gas indexes (arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). The modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) and the CAT were adopted for evaluation of the stability group and exacerbation group. The correlations of IL-1ß and 25(OH)D with mMRC and CAT scores were analyzed. The diagnostic value of IL-1ß and VitD in patients in different stages was analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results showed that the control group showed greatly lower IL-1ß and PaCO2 levels and higher 25(OH)D and PaO2 levels than the research group (all P<0.05). The stability group got greatly lower mMRC and CAT scores than the exacerbation group (both P<0.05). IL-1ß had positive correlations with mMRC and CAT scores, while 25(OH)D had negative correlations with them (P<0.05). According to ROC curve-based analysis, IL-1ß and 25(OH)D had areas under the curves of 0.814 and 0.583, respectively, in diagnosing the acute exacerbation period, and had specificities of 56.67% and 43.33%, respectively and sensitivities of 97.14% and 74.29%, respectively. In conclusion, patients with COPD have increased IL-1 ß and VitD deficiency, so VitD can be properly supplemented during treatment, and the levels of inflammatory factors should be paid close attention to at all times. IL-1 ß and VitD can be regarded as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD, which may further improve the effect of COPD prevention and treatment.