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The decomposition rates and stoichiometric characteristics of many aquatic plants remain unclear, and our understanding of material flow and nutrient cycles within freshwater ecosystems is limited. In this study, an in-situ experiment involving 23 aquatic plants (16 native and 7 exotic species) was carried out via the litter bag method for 63 days, during which time the mass loss and nutrient content (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) of plants were measured. Floating-leaved plants exhibited the highest decomposition rate (0.038 ± 0.002 day-1), followed by submerged plants and free-floating plants (0.029 ± 0.002 day-1), and emergent plants had the lowest decomposition rate (0.019 ± 0.001 day-1). Mass loss by aquatic plants correlated with stoichiometric characteristics; the decomposition rate increased with an increasing P content and with a decreasing C content, C:N ratio, and C:P ratio. Notably, the decomposition rate of submerged exotic plants (0.044 ± 0.002 day-1) significantly exceeded that of native plants (0.026 ± 0.004 day-1), while the decomposition rate of emergent exotic plants was 55 ± 4 % higher than that of native plants. The decomposition rates of floating-leaved and free-floating plants did not significantly differ between the native and exotic species. During decomposition, emergent plants displayed an increase in C content and a decrease in N content, contrary to patterns observed in other life forms. The P content decreased for submerged (128 ± 7 %), emergent (90 ± 5 %), floating-leaved (104 ± 6 %), and free-floating plants (32 ± 6 %). Exotic plants released more C and P but accumulated more N than did native plants. In conclusion, the decomposition of aquatic plants is closely linked to litter quality and influences nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems. Given these findings, the invasion of the littoral zone by submerged and emergent exotic plants deserves further attention.
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Espécies Introduzidas , Lagos , Nitrogênio , Fósforo , Plantas , Lagos/química , Fósforo/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Carbono/análise , Ecossistema , Folhas de Planta/química , ChinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the common complaints for patient post-surgery. Acupuncture has been employed to improve gastrointestinal function and sleeping quality and has confirmed clinical efficacy for emotional problems. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effect of electroacupuncture for postoperative rapid recovery. METHODS: This study design is a two-arm, parallel, double-blinded randomized controlled trial. 104 subjects, aged from 40 to 89 years old, diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing laparoscopic surgery, will be divided into Interventional Group and Control Group. Patients of both groups receive perioperative care under the guidance of ERAS guidance. The Interventional Group receives electroacupuncture treatment starting from the first day post-surgery for a consecutive 5 days, whereas the Control Group receives placebo electroacupuncture treatment. The primary outcome will be the first flatus time whereas the secondary outcomes will be the first sign of borborygmus, recovery of defecation, laboratory tests and questionnaires including Self-rating anxiety scale, Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, TCM rating scale of Gastrointestinal symptoms and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scales. DISCUSSION: This study aims to provide timely intervention for post-laparoscopic patients with gastrointestinal tumour using the ERAS concept combined with electroacupuncture, observe the efficacy of this therapy in treating PGID, and contribute reliable scientific evidence for postoperative rapid recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2300078710. Registered on 15th December 2023.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Eletroacupuntura , Gastroenteropatias , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Laparoscopia , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Compound Shenhua Tablet, a medicine comprising seven herbs, is employed in treating IgA nephropathy. This study aimed to meticulously analyze its chemical composition. Based on a list of candidate compounds, identified through extensive literature review pertinent to the tablet's herbal components, the composition analysis entailed the systematic identification, characterization, and quantification of the constituents. The analyte-capacity of LC/ESI-MS-based and GC/EI-MS-based assays was evaluated. The identified and characterized constituents were quantified to determine their content levels and were ranked based on the constituents' daily doses. A total of 283 constituents, classified into 12 distinct categories, were identified and characterized in the Compound Shenhua Tablet. These constituents exhibited content levels of 1-10 982 µg·g-1, with daily doses of 0.01-395 µmol·d-1. The predominant constituents, with daily doses of ≥ 10 µmol·d-1, include nine organic acids (citric acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, isochlorogenic acid B, and linoleic acid), five iridoids (specnuezhenide, nuezhenoside G13, nuezhenidic acid, secoxyloganin, and secologanoside), two monoterpene glycosides (paeoniflorin and albiflorin), a sesquiterpenoid (curzerenone), a triterpenoid (oleanolic acid), and a phenylethanoid (salidroside). Additionally, there were 83, 126, and 55 constituents detected in the medicine with daily doses of 1-10, 0.1-1, and 0.01-0.1 µmol·d-1, respectively. The combination of the LC/ESI-MS-based and GC/EI-MS-based assays demonstrated a complementary relationship in their analyte-capacity for detecting the constituents present in the medicine. This comprehensive composition analysis establishes a solid foundation for further pharmacological research on Compound Shenhua Tablet and facilitates the quality evaluation of this complex herbal medicine.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , ComprimidosRESUMO
The study aimed to explore the size effect on the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) in the oral absorption of andrographolide nanosuspensions (Ag-NS). Ag-NS with controllable particle sizes were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion method, and the formulation and process parameters were optimized through single factor experiments using mean particle size, polydispersity index, and stability as evaluation indicators. The morphology of Ag-NS was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the crystalline state of the nanosuspensions was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dissolution tests were carried out with the paddle method in two different mediums simulating the pH conditions in intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) and gastric fluid (pH 1.2), respectively. The pharmacokinetic behaviors were investigated in rats after oral administration, and a deconvolution approach was introduced to determine the correlation between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption (IVIVC). The formulation with the use of lecithin and PEG-800 as stabilizers showed its potential in the size-controllable preparation of Ag-NS. Via altering the ultrasonication amplitude and time, three Ag-NS suspensions with three particle sizes, i.e., Ag-NS 250 (249.8 ± 1.3 nm), Ag-NS 450 (485.2 ± 3.7 nm), Ag-NS 1000 (1015 ± 36.1 nm) were prepared. Their morphological and crystal characteristics were not changed during the size reduction process, but both of their in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption were improved. Relatively better IVIVC performance was observed with the in vitro dissolution data at pH 6.8 (r > 0.9). With the reduction of particle size, the in vivo absorption fraction was more closed to the level of the in vitro dissolution. In conclusion, the decrease in particle size would improve the dissolution and absorption of Ag-NS, and also affect their IVIVC performance. The study would facilitate the design and quality control of Ag-NS in terms of particle size and dissolution specifications.
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Lecitinas , Nanopartículas , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Diterpenos , Nanopartículas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos , Solubilidade , Suspensões , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
The treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections attributed to the overuse of antibiotics still remains a serious challenge globally. Herein, zwitterionic charge switchable meso-silica/polypeptide hybrid nanoparticles (MSPNs) were prepared for the synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Subsequently, azithromycin (AZT) and methylene blue (MB) were loaded in the MSPNs to form the combined chemo-photodynamic therapeutic nanoparticles (MSPNs-AZT/MB) for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Remarkably, the as-prepared MSPNs-AZT/MB exhibited a negative surface charge of -5.2 mV at physiological pH while switching into positive surface charge of 24.7 mv in an acidic environment, leading to enhanced binding with bacterial surface. The lipase-triggered AZT release up to 77.9 % was achieved, and the loaded MB demonstrated efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) generation for photodynamic therapy. The in vitro experimental results displayed an excellent antibacterial effect against MRSA in both planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Additionally, the as-prepared MSPNs-AZT/MB exhibited synergistic and enhanced antibacterial infection effect up to 94 % comparing to monotherapy in a mice model. Considering the above advantages, the as-prepared combined chemo-photodynamic therapeutic nanoparticles showed promising biocompatibility and clinical potential for the efficient therapy of drug-resistant bacteria.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/farmacologia , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Lipase/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Dióxido de Silício/farmacologia , Oxigênio Singlete , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Huangqi Chifeng Tang (HQCFT), a traditional Chinese formula of three herbs, has been used to treat cerebral infarction (CI). Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) was designed as a guiding drug for HQCFT to improve its angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, TTC staining was used to detect the area of CI. H&E staining was used to detect the histopathologic changes in the cerebral tissue. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in cerebral tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR2. The contents of HIF-1α, NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum were determined by ELISA. Our study showed that HQCFT and HQCFT-SR could improve the pathological condition and reduce the infarcted area of the brain tissue in a rat model. In addition, HQCFT and HQCFT-SR significantly decreased the expression levels and serum contents of NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α; increased the expression levels of the VEGF and VEGFR2 proteins; and obviously reduced the serum content of HIF-1α. Importantly, the cytokines in brain tissue and serum from the HQCFT group exhibited better efficacy than those from the HQCFT-SR group. HQCFT exerted significant angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); these effects can be attributed to the guiding and enhancing effect of SR.
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Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (LR) is an extensively used Chinese herbal medicine. It contains a variety of chemical constituents with significant biological activities that were first recorded in the classical masterpiece of Tibetan Medicine, Somaratsa. In this review, we summarize the information regarding the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, quality control, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of LR. At least 223 chemical constituents have been isolated from LR, including phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, iridoids, volatile oils, et al. Their various physiological activities have been demonstrated as analgesic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, marrow-supplementing, anti-bacterial, and immunity-strengthening. The clinical applications of LR and quality control are also discussed, as well as some existing problems. This article aims to provide more comprehensive information on the chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and clinical application of LR, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further reasonable development of LR in clinical practice and of new drugs.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacocinética , Compostos Fitoquímicos/toxicidade , Preparações de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Preparações de Plantas/farmacocinética , Preparações de Plantas/toxicidade , Controle de Qualidade , Medição de Risco , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
Combined chemo-photothermal therapy of gold nanorods (GNRs) for cancer treatment shows better therapeutic efficiency than mono-chemotherapy, which has gained worldwide interests of scientists and clinician in both laboratory and clinic application. However, high cytotoxicity, declined delivery efficiency, and unsatisfactory therapy effect of the GNRs are still challenging in anti-cancer treatment. Herein, a series of pH-sensitively zwitterionic polypeptide conjugated GNRs were synthesized via a gold-thiol interaction for combination of chemo-photothermal therapy in cervical cancer treatment. The acid-labile hydrazone bond was utilized to incorporate the doxorubicin (DOX) for pH-sensitive drug release under tumoral environment. The as prepared GNRs conjugates demonstrated pH-triggered surface charge conversion from negative to positive when transporting from blood circulation to tumor extracellular environment, which can facilitate the cellular uptake via electrostatic interaction. After cellular internalization, the drug release was promoted by cleavage of the hydrazone in GNRs conjugates under cancer intracellular acid environment. As the effective near-infrared (NIR) photothermal materials, the as prepared GNRs conjugates can absorb NIR photo energy and convert it into heat under irradiation, which can efficiently kill the tumor cells. In cell assay, the GNRs conjugates displayed excellent biocompatibility against normal cell, enhanced cancer cell uptake, and remarkable cancer cell killing effects. In HeLa tumor-bearing mice, the GNRs conjugates demonstrated enhanced tumor inhibition efficacy by combination of chemo-photothermal therapy.
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Nanotubos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Ouro , Humanos , Camundongos , Peptídeos , Fototerapia , Terapia Fototérmica , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a refractory and relapsing skin disease that affects the physical and mental health of patients and leads to poor quality of life. Current conventional systemic therapy shows a large side effect, which can not be used for a long time, easy to relapse after drug withdrawal, long-term efficacy is poor. At present, traditional Chinese medicine treatment of psoriasis vulgaris effective, can alleviate symptoms, improve the quality of life, stabilize the condition, prolong the remission period. Whereas, there is no related systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, we intend to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to testify autologous blood or autologous serum acupoint injection therapy for Psoriasis Vulgaris. METHODS: Our systematic review will search all randomized controlled trials for autologous blood therapy of PV, electronically and manually, regardless of publication status and language, until March 19, 2020. Databases include PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science Journal Database, and Wanfang database. Other sources, including reference lists of identified publications and meeting minutes, will also be searched. Manually search for grey literature, including unpublished conference articles. RESULT: The main outcomes contain the variation of Psoriasis area and severity index, dermatology life quality index, itching score, the effective rate and adverse events from baseline to the end of studies. This study will provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence for the treatment of PV with this therapy. CONCLUSION: We will summarize sufficient evidence to confirm the therapeutic effect and safety of autologous blood or autologous serum acupoint injection therapy for PV. Due to the data is not individualized, formal ethical approval is not required. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202040052.
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Pontos de Acupuntura , Transfusão de Sangue Autóloga , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Psoríase/terapia , Soro , Humanos , Injeções , Metanálise como Assunto , Qualidade de Vida , Projetos de Pesquisa , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is a common disease characterized as blood lipid metabolism disorders, which is always companied with obesity. Hyperlipidemia is the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) closely associated with mortality, and the risk can further elevate in the obese population. Additionally, it induces stroke and acute pancreatitis. Studies demonstrated that acupoint catgut embedding is an effective therapy for hyperlipidemia with obesity. Whereas, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis to support the point. Thus, we intend to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to testify its effectiveness in hyperlipidemia with obesity. METHODS: We will include articles by searching the following database: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang database. Whats more, the manual search can be executed as the complement of database searching. Endnote X8 and RevMan V.5.3 will be used to complete the process of study selection, data analysis, as well as date management. RESULT: The primary outcomes contain the reduction of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI, body weight (WB), waist circumference(WC), body fat percent (F%) from baseline to the end of studies. The second outcome is the number of adverse events during the total trial. CONCLUSION: We will summarize sufficient evidence to confirm the therapeutic effect and safety of acupoint catgut embedding in hyperlipidemia with obesity. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202040036.
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Pontos de Acupuntura , Categute , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Hiperlipidemias/terapia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the antioxidant defence and anti-apoptotic ability and subsequent developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Oocytes were cultured in media containing 0, 300, 400 or 500 µg/ml of crocin. Upon maturation, the maturation rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, mRNA expression of genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, Bcl-2, BAX and Caspase3), expression of cleaved caspase3 and subsequent embryo cleavage rates were measured. Results indicated that the maturation rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 86.80% (p < 0.01). The ROS concentration of the 500 µg/ml group was the lowest (p < 0.01). The GSH concentration of the 400 µg/ml group was the highest (p < 0.01). The SOD, CAT and GPx mRNA expression levels were the highest in the 300, 400 and 500 µg/ml groups, respectively, with the expression levels of all genes being significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The Bcl-2/BAX mRNA expression ratio in 400 and 500 µg/ml groups significantly higher than other groups and significantly decreased caspase3 expression level (p < 0.01). The expression level of cleaved caspase3 in the 500 µg/ml treatment group was the lowest, significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The cleavage rate of the 400 µg/ml group was 62.50% (p < 0.01). These experimental results show that the supplementation of in vitro culture medium with 400 µg/ml of crocin significantly enhanced the antioxidant defence and anti-apoptotic ability and subsequent cleavage rate of porcine embryo.
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Blastocisto/efeitos dos fármacos , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Fase de Clivagem do Zigoto/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Glutationa/metabolismo , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/métodos , Partenogênese , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptorfamily pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome plays an important role in various diseases, including a variety of kidney diseases. Naringin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects among others, but its specific mechanisms are not clear. We investigated the expression of the NLRP3-inflammasome under high-glucose conditions, assessed the effects of naringin on that process, and further elucidated the role of naringin in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD). METHODS: To assess the therapeutic potential of naringin and the mechanisms involved, we cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells and grouped them according to different glucose concentrations, different action times, different concentrations of MCC950, and different concentrations of naringin.The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expression of Interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß) and Interleukin18 (IL-18) in the cell supernatant were detected by ELISA. The expression and activity of NLPR3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and Caspase-1 were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS: The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in rat glomerular mesangial cells were significantly higher in the high glucose (HG) group than in the control normal glucose (NG) group and exhibited time-dependence activity. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in different treatment groups were significantly lower compared with the HG group after 48 h of MCC950 pre-treatment (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment with naringin produced the same results. Naringin also inhibited the proliferation of cells. CONCLUSIONS: The NLRP3-inflammasome potentially plays a role in the process of activation and inflammation of glomerular mesangial cells as induced by high-glucose conditions. Naringin inhibited the proliferation of cells that were induced by high glucose. Further, it reduced the expression of inflammatory factors that are mediated by NLRP3 through the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1ß/IL-18 signaling pathway, which makes naringin a potentially novel treatment for DKD disease.