RESUMO
The flavonoids in Panax notoginseng were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and the content of three main flavonoids in P. notoginseng of different specifications and grades collected from different habitats was determined by HPLC-DAD. Flavonoids and anthocyanins were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Twelve flavonoid glycosides and one anthocyanin glycoside in P. notoginseng were identified, but no flavonoid aglycones were detected. Among them, 12 compounds were identified in the underground part of P. notoginseng for the first time and eight compounds were first reported in this plant. Moreover, six and four compounds were identified in the Panax genus and the Araliaceae family for the first time, respectively. A method for simultaneous determination of three flavonoids in P. notoginseng was established by HPLC-DAD. The content of flavonoids in 721 P. notoginseng samples of 124 specifications and grades collected from 20 different habitats was simultaneously determined. Among three flavonoids determined, the content of quercetin-3-O-(2â³-ß-D-xylosyl)-ß-D-galactoside was the highest with the average content in the tested samples of 161.0 µg·g~(-1). The content of compounds quercetin-3-O-hexosyl-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-pentosyl-hexoside was relatively low, with the average content of 18.5 µg·g~(-1)(calculated as quercetin-3-O-sophoroside) and 49.4 µg·g~(-1)(calculated as kaempferol-3-O-sangbu diglycoside). There were significant differences in flavonoids content of samples from different production area. The content of flavonoids in spring P. notoginseng was significantly lower than that in winter P. notoginseng when the other influencing factors such as production areas, germplasm resources, and cultivation conditions were fixed. As for P. notoginseng of different specifications, the flavonoid content in the part connecting the taproot and the aboveground stem was significantly higher than that in other parts. The results of large-scale data showed that the flavonoid content gradually increased with the increase in the number of heads. There were significant differences between the flavonoid content in most specifications and grades, especially the 20-head P. notoginseng and countless head P. notoginseng, whose content was significantly lower and significantly higher than that of other specifications and grades, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the study of the effective components and quality control of P. notoginseng from the perspective of flavonoids.
Assuntos
Antocianinas , Flavonoides , Flavonoides/análise , Antocianinas/análise , Quercetina , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Quempferóis , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , GlicosídeosRESUMO
Impaired immunomodulatory capacity and oxidative stress are the key factors limiting the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of jujuboside A (JuA) on the protective effect and immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Hydrogen peroxide was used to establish an oxidative damage model of hUC-MSCs, while PBMCs isolated from rats were used to evaluate the effect of JuA pre-treatment on the immunomodulatory capacity of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase test, measurement of malondialdehyde, Western blot, high-performance liquid chromatography; and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicated that JuA (25 µmol·L-1) promoted the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, but did not affect the differentiating capability of these cells. JuA pre-treatment inhibited apoptosis, prevented oxidative damage, and up-regulated the protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in hUC-MSCs in which oxidative stress was induced with H2O2. In addition, JuA pre-treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of hUC-MSCs against abnormally activated PBMCs, which was related to stimulation of the expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that JuA pre-treatment can enhance the survival and immunomodulatory ability through pathways related to oxidative stress, providing a new option for the improvement of hUC-MSCs in the clinical setting.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Cordão Umbilical , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Saponinas , Cordão Umbilical/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Platycodon grandiflorum root (PG), a popular traditional Chinese medicine, contains considerable chemical components with broad pharmacological activities. The complexity and diversity of the chemical components of PG from different origins contribute to its broad biological activities. The quality of southern PG is superior to that of northern PG, but the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: In order to study variation in the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as their interactions and signalling pathways among PG from Anhui and Liaoning. METHODS: The metabolomes based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptome based on high-throughput sequencing technology were combined to comprehensively analyse PGn and PGb. RESULTS: A total of 6515 DEGs and 83 DAMs from the comparison of PG from Anhui and Liaoning were detected. Integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed that 215 DEGs and 57 DAMs were significantly enriched in 48 pathways according to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and 15 DEGs and 10 DAMs significantly enriched in the main pathway sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis might play a key role in complex response or regulatory processes. CONCLUSION: Differences in PG from southern and northern China might thus stem from differences in environmental factors, such as precipitation, light duration, and humidity. The results of our study provide new insight into geographic variation in gene expression and metabolite accumulation and will enhance the utilisation of PG resources.
Assuntos
Platycodon , Cromatografia Líquida , Metabolômica , Platycodon/química , Platycodon/genética , Platycodon/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The lack of direct connection between traditional herbal medicines and multiple biological targets is a bottleneck in herbal research and quality evaluation. To solve this problem, a strategy for the discovery of active ingredients from function-similar herbal medicines based on multiple biological targets was proposed in this article. The technical route includes chromatographic separation, mass spectrometry analysis, enzymatic activity detection, pharmacophore analysis and molecular docking. Five citrus herbs of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Grandis Exocarpium (CGE), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) were used as the research objects. A total of 136 chemical components were identified from above five herbs based on LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and database matching. The extracts of the five herbs showed obvious inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the different types of components in the herbs exhibited selectivity for different targets: flavanone glycosides are effective on α-glucosidase but ineffective on acetylcholinesterase; polymethoxyflavonoids are effective on acetylcholinesterase but ineffective on α-glucosidase. Furthermore, we found for the first time that the components in citrus herbs exhibit opposite structure-activity relationships on the above two targets. For example, the methoxy group can enhance the activity of compounds on acetylcholinesterase but weaken the activity of compounds on α-glucosidase. The selective action is a supplement to the "multi-components, multi-targets" system of herbal medicines. Pharmacophore analysis and molecular docking were applied to explore the interaction between active ingredients and biological targets from the perspective of ligands and receptors, respectively. By combining the above multiple technologies, a strong connection among herbal medicines, chemical components and multiple biological targets was established. This work not only helps to understand the similar function of citrus herbs for the treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, but also provides selective lead compounds for the development of related drugs. This strategy is also helpful to improve the quality evaluation of citrus herbs from the perspective of biological activity.
Assuntos
Bioensaio/métodos , Inibidores da Colinesterase , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Citrus/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Acetilcolinesterase/química , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Flavonoides , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , alfa-Glucosidases/química , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
As a folk medicinal plant, Juglans mandshurica has been used for the treatment of cancer in China and Korea. Traditionally, J. mandshurica is decocted together with chicken eggs. Both the decoction and medicated eggs possess anti-tumor properties. Clarifying the constituents of the decoction and absorbed by the medicated eggs is essential for the investigation of the active principles of J. mandshurica. Herein, the medicated eggs were prepared by decocting raw chicken eggs, having unbroken shells, with the decoction of J. mandshurica. A systematic investigation of the chemical profile of the J. mandshurica decoction and the medicated egg extraction was conducted by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS². In total, 93 peaks, including 45 tannins, 14 naphthalene derivatives, 17 organic acids, 3 diarylheptanoids, 4 lignans, 3 anthraquinones, 1 flavonoid glycoside, 3 amino acids, and 3 nitrogenous compounds, were tentatively identified in the decoction. In the medicated egg extraction, 44 peaks including 11 organic acids, 3 amino acids, 3 nitrogenous compounds, 8 naphthalene derivatives, 3 diarylheptanoids, 15 tannins, and 1 lignan were tentatively identified. The chemical profile presented provided a detailed overview of the polar chemical constituents in J. mandshurica and useful information for the research of bioactive compounds of this plant.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Juglans/química , Óvulo/química , Animais , Galinhas , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
As a traditional medicinal plant, Juglans mandshurica has been used for the treatment of cancer. Different organs of this plant showed anti-tumor activity in clinic and laboratory. Comparative identification of constituents in different plant organs is essential for investigation of the relationship between chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. For this aim, the roots, branches, and leaves of J. mandshurica were extracted with 50% v/v methanol and then subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis conducted under low and high energy. As a result, we have to date identified 111 compounds consisting of 56 tannins, 29 flavonoids, 13 organic acids, 8 naphthalene derivatives, and 5 anthracenes. Five compounds, namely, diquercetin trihydroxy-truxinoyl-glucoside, two quercetin kaempferol dihydroxy-truxinoyl-glucosides, syringoyl-tri-galloyl-O-glucose, and dihydroxy-naphthalene syringoyl-glucoside, were tentatively identified as new compounds. Of the compounds identified, 76 were found in the root extract, 67 in the branch extract, and 37 in the leaf extract. Only six compounds including four organic acids and two tannins were found in all three extracts. We developed a rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach to identify multiple constituents of complex extracts without separation and ion selection. The results presented provide useful information on further research of the bioactive compounds of J. mandshurica.
Assuntos
Juglans/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and optimize extraction technics of Polygonum orientale flowers by response surface methodology. METHODS: With the index for the content of taxifolin in flowers of Polygonum orientale, the effect of three factors such as concentration of alcohol, extraction time and solvent-solid ratio was designed by Box-Behnken central composite. Extraction technic parameters of Polygonum orientale flowers was optimized by response surface methodology. RESULTS: The optimizing extraction conditions of Polygonum orientale flowers were as follows: ethanol concentration was 65%, extracting time was 129 min and solvent-solid ratio was 18. Under the conditions, the average yield of taxifolin in 3 validation experiments was 2.79 mg/g. CONCLUSION: Optimizing extraction technics by response surface methodology is reasonable, simple, and has good predictability.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Flores/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Polygonum/química , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Etanol/química , Modelos Lineares , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
One alkyl glycoside, saussurostelloside A (1), two phenolic glycosides, saussurostellosides B1 (2) and B2 (3), and 27 known compounds, including eleven flavonoids, seven phenolics, six lignans, one neolignan, one phenethyl glucoside and one fatty acid, were isolated from an ethanol extract of Saussurea stella (Asteraceae). Their structures were elucidated by NMR, MS, UV, and IR spectroscopic analysis. Of the known compounds, (+)-medioresinol-di-O-ß-D-glucoside (7), picraquassioside C (10), and diosmetin-3'-O-ß-D-glucoside (27) were isolated from the Asteraceae family for the first time, while (+)-pinoresinol-di-O-ß-D-glucoside (6), di-O-methylcrenatin (11), protocatechuic acid (14), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (17), formononetin (28), and phenethyl glucoside (29) were isolated from the Saussurea genus for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activities of three new compounds (1-3), five lignans ((-)-arctiin (4), (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-ß-D-glucoside (5), (+)-pinoresinol-di-O-ß-D-glucoside (6), (+)-medioresinol-di-O-ß-D-glucoside (7) and (+)-syringaresinol-4-O-ß-D-glucoside (8)), one neolignan (picraquassioside C (10)), and one phenolic glycoside (di-O-methylcrenatin (11)) were evaluated by testing their inhibition of the release of ß-glucuronidase from PAF-stimulated neutrophils. Only compound 5 showed moderate inhibition of the release of ß-glucuronidase, with an inhibition ratio of 39.1%.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Cumáricos/isolamento & purificação , Dissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Saussurea/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologia , Dissacarídeos/química , Dissacarídeos/farmacologia , Feminino , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Furanos/química , Furanos/isolamento & purificação , Furanos/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Glucuronidase/metabolismo , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Inflamação/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/química , Isoflavonas/isolamento & purificação , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/isolamento & purificação , Lignanas/farmacologia , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/isolamento & purificação , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Three new cardenolides, 3-O-beta-D-fucopyranosylstrophanthidin (1), 3-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosylperiplogenin (2), and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha- l-rhamnopyranosylcannogenin (3), together with seven known cardenolides (4- 10), were isolated from a cytotoxic ethanol extract of the whole dried plants of Saussurea stella. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. When the cytotoxicity of compounds 2- 10 toward Bel-7402 human hepatoma cells and BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells was evaluated, all compounds showed IC 50 values of <1 microM for both cell lines. This is the first report of cardenolides occurring in a species of the family Asteraceae.