Cloning of Mn-SOD gene and its mRNA expression difference and antioxidant enzyme activities under hypoxia stress of cobia Rachycentron canadum.

BACKGROUND: Environmental hypoxia affects the survival and development of organisms. It is also an important environmental factor that leads to oxidative damage. Hypoxia is a condition in which tissues are deprived of oxygen; reoxygenation is the phenomenon in which hypoxic tissues are exposed to oxygen. Hypoxia-reoxygenation is vital in pathogenesis, where the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant disparity significantly contribute to disease progression, and it is one of the most common physiological stressors in the aquaculture industry. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the full length of complementary DNA (cDNA) of the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene of healthy cobia Rachycentron canadum was analysed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to measure the expression levels of Mn-SOD mRNAs in various tissues (heart, muscle, brain, liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and spleen). The 2-ΔΔCT method was used to performed the expression analysis. The experimental data were analysed using SPSS ver. 19.0 ( https://spss.software.informer.com/19.0/ ). P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 were set as significant differences. The values were articulated as mean ± standard deviation. The Mn-SOD gene cDNA sequence was 1209 bp long, including a 684 bp open reading frame, 42 bp 5'UTR and 483 bp 3'UTR, encoding 227 amino acids. Under hypoxia-reoxygen stress, the expression of Mn-SOD in brain tissue was significantly lower than in the control group after 8 h of reoxygenation and higher than the control group after 24 h. Hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation triggered a disturbance in antioxidant homeostasis, displayed in the modification of GPx expression/activity in the liver: GPx was improved. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide valuable information on the role of Mn-SOD regulation in oxidative stress caused by hypoxia.

[Clinical effects of dalitong granule combined proton pump inhibitors on gastroesophageal reflux disease].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects of Dalitong Granule (DG) combined proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Totally 186 patients with GERD were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e., the control group A (61 cases, only PPI group, Rabeprazole Capsule 20 mg, once daily), the control group B (61 cases, PPI with domperidone group, Rabeprazole 20 mg, once daily; Domperidone 10 mg each time, thrice daily), and the experimental group (64 cases, PPI + DG group, Rabeprazole 20 mg, once daily; DG, 6 g each time, thrice daily). The treatment lasted for 4 weeks for all. The symptom scoring, the overall efficacy, local efficacy, and adverse drug reactions were compared among the three groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Totally 183 patients completed the experiment. After 4 weeks of treatment, the symptom scores in the three groups were significantly lowered. It was the lowest in the experimental group with statistical difference (P < 0.01). The markedly effective rate and the effective rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control A and B groups. The local markedly effective rate and the effective rate of the reflux esophagitis (RE) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control A and B groups (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the three groups during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: DG combined PPI could improve the symptoms of GERD safely and effectively.