Osteosarcoma-targeted Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform for NIR II fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual-mode imaging and ros cascade amplification along with immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: As the lethal bone tumor, osteosarcoma often frequently occurs in children and adolescents with locally destructive and high metastasis. Distinctive kinds of nanoplatform with high therapeutical effect and precise diagnosis for osteosarcoma are urgently required. Multimodal optical imaging and programmed treatment, including synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic therapy (PTT-CDT) elicits immunogenetic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy that possesses high bio-imaging sensitivity for accurate osteosarcoma delineating as well as appreciable therapeutic efficacy with ignorable side-effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, mesoporous Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) anchoring is designed and successfully constructed. After loading with indocyanine green, this nanoplatform can be utilized for precisely targeting and efficaciously ablating against osteosarcoma via PTT boosted CDT and the closely following ICD stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, it provides off-peak fluorescence bio-imaging in the second window of near-infrared region (NIR II, 1000-1700 nm) and Magnetic resonance signal, serves as the dual-mode contrast agents for osteosarcoma tissue discrimination. CONCLUSION: Tumor targeted Cu&Ce based mesoporous nanoplatform permits efficient osteosarcoma suppression and dual-mode bio-imaging that opens new possibility for effectively diagnosing and inhibiting the clinical malignant osteosarcoma.

Comprehensive evaluation of manganese oxides and iron oxides as metal substrate materials for constructed wetlands from the perspective of water quality and greenhouse effect.

Manganese oxides and iron oxides have been widely introduced in constructed wetlands (CWs) for sewage treatment due to their extensiveness in nature and their ability to participate in various reactions, but their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain unclear. Here, a set of vertical subsurface-flow CWs (Control, Fe-VSSCWs, and Mn-VSSCWs) was established to comprehensively evaluate which are the better metal substrate materials for CWs, iron oxides or manganese oxides, through water quality and the global warming potential (GWP) of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in Mn-VSSCWs were all higher than that in Fe-VSSCWs, and manganese oxides could almost completely suppress the CH4 production and reduce GWP (from 8.15 CO2-eq/m2/h to 7.17 mg CO2-eq/m2/h), however, iron oxides promoted GWP (from 8.15 CO2-eq/m2/h to 10.84 mg CO2-eq/m2/h), so manganese oxides are the better CW substrate materials to achieve effective sewage treatment while reducing the greenhouse gas effect.

Hyperhomocysteinemia and related genetic polymorphisms correlate with ulcerative colitis in Chinese Han population in Central China [corrected].

Increased levels of homocysteine are found systemically and in intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and, specifically, in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there are controversial reports regarding the factors contributing to increased levels of homocysteine in UC. Furthermore, little information is available regarding the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), vitamin status, and genetic polymorphisms of homocysteine-related enzymes in these patients. This study examined four functional polymorphisms linked to homocysteine metabolism (MTHFR C677T and A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G), and evaluated plasma levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B(12) in 310 consecutive patients with UC and 936 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from southeast China. The variant allele and genotypic frequencies in MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G genes were significantly higher in patients with UC compared to healthy controls. Further, HHcy and low levels of folate and vitamin B(12) were more frequent in patients with UC. The MTR 2756G allele, extent of the disease, and gender were the independent determinants of HHcy in these patients. These findings suggest that genetic and nutritional factors have a synergetic effect on HHcy in patients with UC. In conclusion, our data highlight a prevention strategy for moderation of HHcy and supplementation with folate and vitamine B(12) in patients with UC from Southeast China.

Synthesis of glutathione-capped CdS quantum dots and preliminary studies on protein detection and cell fluorescence image.

A series of glutathione (GSH)-capped aqueous CdS quantum dots (QDs) with strong photoluminescence (PL) were prepared by changing the reaction temperatures and times on the basis of optimization of the mole ratio of S to Cd. The reaction time was shortened to about 1/10 compared with that reported previously by increasing the reaction temperature. The absorption and fluorescence spectra indicated good optical properties with PL full width of half-maximum (FWHM) of about 100 nm. The excitation spectrum was broad and continuous in the range 200-480 nm. The PL quantum efficiency (QE) of the prepared QDs was about 36% compared with rhodamine 6G (95%). The shape and size of the CdS QDs were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The prepared QDs were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and onion inner pellicle cells and used as fluorescence probes for the first time. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence of CdS can be enhanced by BSA and the enhanced fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of BSA in the range 1.0-10 mg/L. The aggregation of CdS in onion inner pellicle cells and its fluorescence images indicated that the QDs can aggregate around cells soaked for 8 h in CdS solution but enter the interior of cells and become aggregated to the nucleus when they are soaked in CdS solution for longer, e.g. 98 h.