Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum.

Two actinomycete strains, designated MG62T and CRLD-Y-1, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Koelreuteria paniculata and healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum, respectively, in Hunan province, PR China. They could produce abundant aerial mycelia that generated rod-shaped spores with spiny surfaces. Morphological features of the two strains are typical of the genus Streptomyces. Strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 exhibited 99.93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between them were 99.99 and 100 %, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces and showed highest similarities to Streptomyces violarus NBRC 13104T (99.07-99.29 %) and Streptomyces arenae ISP 5293T (99.21-99.35 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 were closely related to S. violarus NBRC 13104T and S. arenae ISP 5293T. However, the ANI, dDDH and multilocus sequence analysis evolutionary distance values between the two strains and their relatives provide a robust basis upon which to verify strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 as representing a novel species. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics further confirmed that the two strains were distinct from their relatives. Based on all these data above, strains MG62T and CRLD-Y-1 should represent a novel Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces koelreuteriae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MG62T (=JCM 34747T=MCCC 1K06175T).

Streptomyces Spinosirectus sp. nov., Isolated From the Medicinal Plant Xanthium Sibiricum.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CRSS-Y-16T, was isolated from the healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum, in China and characterized by a polyphasic approach. This strain produced abundant aerial mycelia that generated rod-shaped spores with spiny surfaces. The cell wall contained LL-diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) were C16:0, iso-C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). The detected polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyl phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine and unidentified phospholipids. The genomic G+C content was 70.7%. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain CRSS-Y-16T belonged to the genus Streptomyces and shared <98.7% sequence similarities with all recognized type species of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain formed a distinct branch. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that it was closely related to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T. However, the clustering patterns resulting from phylogenomic tree verified that strain CRSS-Y-16T represented a novel Streptomyces species. This result was further confirmed by low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (87.54% and 30.1%) between them. Based on all these data, it is concluded that strain CRSS-Y-16T represents a novel Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces spinosirectus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CRSS-Y-16T (=MCCC 1K06950T=JCM 35007T).

Study on commodity specification and grade standard and quality evaluation of Dipsaci Radix / 中国中药杂志

Through the records of herbal and market investigations,the samples collected from different market and origin were analyzed,and the appearance character indexes were determined in order to revise the commodity specification and grade standard of Dipsaci Radix combined with production practice. This is also to analyze association of the appearance with quality different of intrinsic components. The investigation results indicated the root's long and thick was better,and atrovirens of fracture surface,there are most of the market is dominated by the ungraded goods. Through principal component analysis,variance analysis and cluster analysis,combining with the feasibility of actual operation and herbal record,the length,middle diameter and phloem color were filtrated and the specification was divided into 2 ranks: the selection and ungraded goods,and the grade was divided into 2 ranks for the selection goods: big,small selected goods. Moreover,there were no significant correlation between the appearance and the intrinsic quality index of Dipsaci Radix,the content of extractum were significantly positive correlation with the moisture,but had extremely negative correlation with the total ash. Multiple comparisons indicated that the content of the moisture,extractum and asperosaponin VI of the selected goods were higher than the ungraded goods,while the total ash content were lower,and they hasn't significant difference. The commodity specification and grade standard of Dipsaci Radix as a basis provide commodity specification and grade standard of communities and standardizing market trade order.

Study on commodity specification and grade standard and quality evaluation of Galla Chinensis / 中国中药杂志

This paper is aimed to study the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis,for standardizing market order and guide the market circulation,and provide a basis for standardization of Galla Chinensis. With 33 samples of Galla Chinensis from market as the object of the research,the herbal textual research and market research were carried out. Then the grading indicator were selected by the descriptive statistics,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,combining with production practice,the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis were set out. The data of moisture,ash,gallic acid as the internal index were used to analyze the relationship between the quality difference between grades and the appearance characters and the intrinsic composition. Herbal textual research and market research found that the high quality of Galla Chinensis characterized with large,complete,wall thick,grayish brown characteristics,and Galla Chinensis could be divided into gallnuts and horned gall. Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis,combining actual production and herbal record,screening,the length,diameter,single weight,the number of 500 g were determined as 4 grading indicators,the commodity specification was divided into two: gallnuts and horned gall,the grades was divided into two: selected goods and mixed goods. The result of correlation analysis showed there was no significant correlation between the internal index and the appearance characters of Galla Chinensis. The result of multiple comparison showed that the ash content of the selected goods was smaller than that of the mixed goods,but it did not reach significant. The content of gallic acid of the selected goods and the mixed goods of gallnuts were higher than selected goods of horned gall,and higher than mixed goods of horned galls. Using the length,diameter,single weight,the number of 500 g as the appearance characters index. Combining with the herbal textual research and market research,we have divided two specifications and two grades for the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis,which can provide a basis for industry standards and national standards.