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1.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 30 Suppl 1: 21-7, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26805419

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with rosacea often show facial sensitivity to cosmetics or skin care products that can influence the severity of symptoms and exacerbate erythema and inflammation. Nevertheless, special skin care is necessary to address cosmetic concerns and reduce the potential side-effects of topical or oral treatment of the disease. Appropriate skin care should comprise gentle cleansing, effective moisturization, soothing actives, UV protection and concealing pigments to help neutralize the appearance of redness. OBJECTIVE: To determine the compatibility and efficacy of a skin care regimen (consisting of a cleanser, a day care with SPF25 and a night care) containing licochalcone A (Lic A), an anti-irritant from the licorice plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, and 4-t-butylcyclohexanol (SymSitive(®) ), a substance which acts as a sensitivity regulator, in female subjects with clinically determined subtype I rosacea. METHODS: Thirty-two test subjects with mild to moderate rosacea used the skin care regimen daily for 8 weeks. Clinical assessment of erythema, subjective irritation and clinical photography were performed at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, a quality-of-life questionnaire was filled out by the test subjects at baseline and week 8. The subjects completed a self-assessment questionnaire on product properties after 4 and 8 weeks of product use. RESULTS: Clinical assessments and subject response confirmed very good tolerability of the regimen, a statistically significant improvement in clinical grading for erythema and tactile roughness at weeks 4 and 8 and on telangiectasia at week 8 when compared to baseline scores. A statistically significant improvement in facial redness (a*) values, based on the L*a*b* colorimetric system, was determined at week 4 and 8 in comparison to baseline. No difference in corneometric measurement was detected at week 4 and 8 compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: The skin care regimen was found to be highly compatible with the sensitive facial skin of patients with rosacea subtype I and effective in improving signs of rosacea. Therefore, the daily use of skin care products containing LicA and SymSitive(®) in patients with rosacea improves the overall skin appearance and the quality of life of these patients.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Chalconas/uso terapêutico , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Eritema/tratamento farmacológico , Rosácea/tratamento farmacológico , Higiene da Pele/métodos , Adulto , Detergentes/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Creme para a Pele/uso terapêutico , Protetores Solares/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Canais de Cátion TRPV/antagonistas & inibidores , Telangiectasia/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto Jovem
2.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 59(5): 632-9, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25786811

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pain after Caesarean section is often treated with opioids with a risk of side effects. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetics is effective and has few side effects, but volume vs. dose concentration has not been examined. METHODS: Ninety patients scheduled for elective Caesarean section included in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial receiving infiltration with 50 ml ropivacaine 0.5% or 125 ml ropivacaine 0.2% or 50 ml 0.9% saline (placebo) during surgery. Surgery was performed under lumbar spinal anaesthesia. Primary endpoint was post-operative pain. Secondary endpoints were rescue analgesic, post-operative nausea and vomiting, time spent in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and time to first mobilisation. RESULTS: No difference in pain response between groups, but time until maximum pain score was prolonged in the ropivacaine 0.5% group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.0493). The administration of ketobemidone at 24 h post-operatively in the ropivacaine 0.5% group was reduced compared with the placebo group (P = 0.020), and between the ropivacaine 0.2% group and the ropivacaine 0.5% group (P = 0.044). No significant differences between groups were found concerning time spent in the PACU, to first mobilisation or in number of women with nausea/vomiting (P ≥ 0.05). No complications related to ropivacaine were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic infiltration with a high concentration, low volume compared with low concentration, high volume showed no significant effect on post-operative pain intensity. However, a statistically significant, but clinically limited opioid sparing effect was demonstrated compared with placebo in the high concentration, low volume group.


Assuntos
Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Anestesia Local/métodos , Cesárea/métodos , Adulto , Amidas , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos Locais , Método Duplo-Cego , Determinação de Ponto Final , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Ropivacaina , Sufentanil/uso terapêutico
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(5): 1084-91, 2014 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25365012

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIM: n-3 fatty acid intake has been associated with inflammatory benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Functionalising meat may be of great interest. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of functional meat containing n-3 and rosemary extract on inflammatory and oxidative status markers in subjects with risk for CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study was undertaken to compare the effects on the above markers of consuming functional or control meat products. 43 volunteers with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD were randomly assigned to receive functional meat (FM) or control meat (CM) over 12-weeks with a 4-week wash-out interval before crossover. Functional effects were assessed by examining lipid profile, CRP, PAI-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, fibrinogen (inflammatory markers), and TBARS, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 (oxidative status markers). 33 subjects (24 women) aged 50.7±8.8 years completed the study. In FM treatment, PAI-1, fibrinogen and 8-iso-PGF2 decreased significantly after 12 weeks, while FRAP significantly increased. In contrast, in CM treatment, a significant increase was seen in PAI-1, while FRAP significantly declined. Significant differences were also seen between the FM and CM treatments after 12 weeks in terms of the change observed in PAI-1, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 values. No significant differences were seen in anthropometric variables nor were adverse effects reported. CONCLUSION: The consumption of FM containing n-3 and rosemary extract improved oxidative and inflammatory status of people with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD. The inclusion of such functional meat in a balanced diet might be a healthy lifestyle option.


Objetivos: La ingesta de omega-3 se ha asociado con efectos antinflamatorios relacionados con la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Desarrollar productos cárnicos funcionales podría ser de gran interés para la población. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una carne funcional con omega-3 y extracto de romero sobre marcadores de inflamación y oxidación en personas con riesgo cardiovascular. Pacientes y métodos: Se diseñó un ensayo clínico cruzado y doble-ciego para estudiar el efecto del consumo de un producto cárnico funcional sobre marcadores de inflamación y oxidación. Se incluyeron 43 voluntarios con al menos 2 parámetros del perfil lipídico alterado, indicando riesgo de ECV. Fueron asignados aleatoriamente en 2 grupos que consumieron en cruzado carne funcional (CF) o carne control (CC) durante 12 semanas con un periodo de lavado de 4 semanas entre ellos. Al finalizar el estudio se evaluó: perfil lipídico, marcadores de inflamación (PCR, PAI-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, fibrinógeno) y marcadores de oxidación (TBARS, FRAP, 8-iso-PGF2). Resultados: Completaron el estudio 33 personas (24 mujeres) con edad media de 50.7±8.8 años. Tras consumir CF durante 12 semanas se observó una disminución significativa del PAI-1, fibrinógeno y 8-iso-PGF2, mientras que el FRAP incrementó significativamente. Sin embargo, con CC incrementó PAI-1 y disminuyó FRAP significativamente. Además se observaron diferencias significativas entre los cambios producidos tras consumir uno u otro producto de los marcadores PAI-1, FRAP y 8-iso-PGF2. Al final de cada intervención no se observaron cambios en variables antropométricas ni efectos adversos. Conclusiones: El consumo de CF con omega-3 y extracto de romero mejora el estado inflamatorio y oxidativo de personas con al menos 2 parámetros del perfil lipídico alterado. La inclusión de estas CF en una dieta equilibrada podría ser una opción más para mantener un estilo de vida saludable. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0199088.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/uso terapêutico , Alimento Funcional , Ledum/química , Carne , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Culinária , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta , Método Duplo-Cego , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Anim Sci ; 92(7): 2960-70, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24879755

RESUMO

To evaluate the effect of feeding thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum fatty acid and cholesterol concentration in young pigs, 102 barrows (6.67 ± 0.03 kg BW) were divided into 3 groups and randomly assigned to dietary treatments in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The main factors were lipid source (n = 4; corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and lipid peroxidation level (n = 3; original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] through heating at 95°C for 72 h, or rapid oxidation [RO] through heating at 185°C for 7 h). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets in group pens for 28 d followed by controlled feed intake in metabolism crates for 10 d. On d 39, all pigs were euthanized for liver samples to determine liver weight, lipid profile, and gene expression patterns. Lipid oxidation analysis indicated that compared with the OL, SO and RO of lipids had a markedly increased concentrations of primary and secondary peroxidation products, and the increased lipid peroxidation products in CN and CA were greater than those in PF and TL. After a 28-d ad libitum feeding period, pigs fed RO lipids tended to have reduced ADFI (P = 0.09) and ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed OL, and pigs fed CA had reduced G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed all other lipids. Pigs fed RO lipids tended to have increased relative liver weight (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed OL. Liver triglyceride concentration (LTG) in pigs fed OL was greater (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed SO lipids and tended to be greater (P < 0.07) than in pigs fed SO. The reduced LTG were consistent with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of PPARα factor target genes (acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase) in pigs fed SO and RO lipids compared with pigs fed OL. Pigs fed CN or CA tended to have increased LTG (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed TL. Liver cholesterol concentration in pigs fed CN was less (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed PF and tended to be less (P = 0.06) than in pigs fed TL, whereas pigs fed CA had a reduced (P < 0.05) liver cholesterol compared with pigs fed PF or TL. In conclusion, feeding thermally oxidized lipids negatively affected growth performance and LTG of young pigs, which was associated with an upregulation of fatty acid catabolism pathways.


Assuntos
Colesterol/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Combinação Etinil Estradiol e Norgestrel/análise , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Suínos/metabolismo , Animais , Colesterol/sangue , Dieta/veterinária , Combinação Etinil Estradiol e Norgestrel/sangue , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta , Fígado/química , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxirredução , Suínos/sangue , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento
5.
J Anim Sci ; 92(7): 2980-6, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24879758

RESUMO

A total of 108 barrows (6.67 ± 0.03 kg BW) were assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 4 × 3 factorial design plus a corn-soybean meal control diet to evaluate the effect of lipid source and peroxidation level on DE, ME, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, ether extract (EE), N, and C in young pigs. Main effects were lipid source (corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and peroxidation level (original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] of lipids heated for 72 h at 95°C, or rapid oxidation [RO] of lipids heated for 7 h at 185°C). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets for 28 d followed by an 8-d period of controlled feed intake equivalent to 4% BW daily. Diets were formulated based on the ME content of CA with the standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, total Ca, and available P:ME balanced relative to NRC (1998) recommendations. Lipid peroxidation analysis indicated that compared with the OL, SO and RO had a markedly increased concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, and the increase of peroxidation products in CN and CA were greater than those in PF and TL. Addition of lipids to diets increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of EE and tended to improve (P = 0.06) ATTD of GE compared with pigs fed the control diet. Feeding CN or CA increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, EE, N, and C compared with feeding TL, while feeding PF improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of GE and EE and tended to increase (P = 0.06) ATTD of C compared with TL. Pigs fed CN had increased (P = 0.05) percentage N retention than pigs fed TL. No peroxidation level effect or interaction between lipid source and peroxidation level on DE and ME was observed. Lipid source tended (P = 0.08) to affect DE but not ME values of experimental lipids (P > 0.12). Digestible energy values for CA (8,846, 8,682, and 8,668 kcal/kg) and CN (8,867, 8,648, and 8,725 kcal/kg) were about 450 kcal/kg greater than that of TL (8,316, 8,168, and 8,296 kcal/kg), with PF being intermediate (8,519, 8,274, and 8,511 kcal/kg), for OL, SO, and RO lipids, respectively, respectively. In conclusion, lipid source affected ATTD of dietary DM, GE, EE, N, and C, and N retention and tended to influence the DE value of the lipid but did not significantly affect their ME value. Rapid and slow heating of lipids used in this study increased lipid peroxidation products but had no detectable effects on nutrient and energy digestibility as well as DE and ME values of the various lipids.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Suínos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Óleo de Milho/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Ingestão de Alimentos , Gorduras/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Temperatura Alta , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Oxirredução , Óleo de Brassica napus , Suínos/metabolismo
6.
J Anim Sci ; 92(7): 2971-9, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24879760

RESUMO

To evaluate the effect of feeding thermally oxidized lipids on metabolic oxidative status, gut barrier function, and immune response of young pigs, 108 barrows (6.67 ± 0.03 kg BW) were assigned to 12 dietary treatments in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement in addition to a corn-soybean meal control diet. Main effects were 4 lipid sources (corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and 3 oxidation levels (original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] of lipids heated for 72 h at 95°C, or rapid oxidation [RO] of lipids heated for 7 h at 185°C). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets for 28 d followed by controlled feed intake for 10 d. After a 24-h fast on d 38, serum was collected and analyzed for α-tocopherol (α-T), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endotoxin, haptoglobin, IgA, and IgG. On the same day following serum collection, lactulose and mannitol were fed and subsequently measured in the urine to evaluate gut permeability. There was a source × peroxidation interaction for serum α-T concentration where pigs fed SO or RO had decreased (P < 0.05) serum α-T concentration compared with pigs fed OL in CA and CN diets but not in pigs fed PF and TL diets. There was no source × peroxidation interaction for serum TBARS, but among all lipid sources, pigs fed SO or RO lipids had increased (P < 0.05) serum TBARS compared with pigs fed OL. In addition, pigs fed CN or CA had greater (P < 0.05) serum TBARS compared with pigs fed PF or TL diets. There were no lipid source × peroxidation level interaction or lipid source or peroxidation level effects on serum endotoxin, haptoglobin, IgA, or IgG. Pigs fed lipid supplemented diets tended to have increased serum endotoxin (P = 0.06), IgA (P = 0.10), and IgG (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed the control diet. There were no lipid source × peroxidation level interaction or lipid source or peroxidation level effects on urinary TBARS and lactulose to mannitol ratio. Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed diets containing lipids had a lower lactulose to mannitol ratio (P < 0.01). In conclusion, feeding weaning pigs diets containing 10% thermally oxidized lipids for 38 d, especially vegetable oils containing greater concentrations of PUFA, appeared to impair oxidative status but had little influence on gut barrier function or serum immunity parameters.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais , Óleo de Milho/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Gorduras/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Temperatura Alta , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Óleo de Brassica napus , Suínos/imunologia , Suínos/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/sangue
7.
J Anim Sci ; 92(7): 2950-9, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24802041

RESUMO

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate peroxidation in 4 lipids, each with 3 levels of peroxidation. Lipid sources were corn oil (CN), canola oil (CA), poultry fat, and tallow. Peroxidation levels were original lipids (OL), slow-oxidized lipids (SO), and rapid-oxidized lipids (RO). To produce peroxidized lipids, OL were either heated at 95°C for 72 h to produce SO or heated at 185°C for 7 h to produce RO. Five indicative measurements (peroxide value [PV], p-anisidine value [AnV], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] concentration, hexanal concentration, 4-hydroxynonenal [HNE] concentration, and 2,4-decadienal [DDE]) and 2 predictive tests (active oxygen method [AOM] stability and oxidative stability index [OSI]) were performed to quantify the level of oxidation of the subsequent 12 lipids with varying levels of peroxidation. Analysis showed that a high PV accurately indicated the high level of lipid peroxidation, but a moderate or low PV may be misleading due to the unstable characteristics of hydroperoxides as indicated by the unchanged PV of rapidly oxidized CN and CA compared to their original state (OL). However, additional tests, which measure secondary peroxidation products such as AnV, TBARS, hexanal, HNE, and DDE, may provide a better indication of lipid peroxidation than PV for lipids subjected to a high level of peroxidation. Similar to PV analysis, these tests may also not provide irrefutable information regarding the extent of peroxidation because of the volatile characteristics of secondary peroxidation products and the changing stage of lipid peroxidation. For the predictive tests, AOM accurately reflected the increased lipid peroxidation caused by SO and RO as indicated by the increased AOM value in CN and CA but not in poultry fat and tallow, which indicated a potential disadvantage of the AOM test. Oxidative stability index successfully showed the increased lipid peroxidation caused by SO and RO in all lipids, but it too may have disadvantages similar to AnV, TBARS, hexanal, DDE, and HNE because OSI directly depends on quantification of the volatile secondary peroxidation products. To accurately analyze the peroxidation damage in lipids, measurements should be determined at appropriate time intervals by more than 1 test and include different levels of peroxidation products simultaneously.


Assuntos
Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipídeos/química , Animais , Galinhas , Óleo de Milho/química , Gorduras/química , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/química , Temperatura Alta , Oxirredução , Óleo de Brassica napus
8.
J Anim Sci ; 92(1): 198-210, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24166998

RESUMO

Lipid peroxidation in animal feed can negatively affect growth performance and meat quality. Weanling pigs (n = 432; BW = 6.6 ± 0.4 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with 3 levels of vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate) on growth performance, carcass composition, fatty acid composition of pork fat, and lipid peroxidation in LM. The DDGS source used in this study contained the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, peroxide value, and total S content (5.2 ng malondialdehyde/mg oil, 84.1 mEq/kg oil, and 0.95%, respectively) among 30 DDGS sources sampled. Pens within blocks were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 diets in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 8 pens per treatment and 9 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal (CON) or 30% peroxidized DDGS (Ox-DDGS) diets with 3 levels of vitamin E: none supplemented (No-E), NRC (1X-E), or 10X NRC (10X-E). Compared to CON, inclusion of 30% Ox-DDGS in diets reduced (P < 0.001) final BW (110 vs. 107 kg), overall ADG (0.76 vs. 0.74 kg/d), and G:F (0.39 vs. 0.37). Increasing dietary vitamin E concentrations improved G:F (P = 0.03) of pigs fed 10X-E and 1X-E vs. No-E diets (0.39 and 0.39 vs. 0.38, respectively). Hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat depth, and LM area were reduced (P < 0.01) in pigs fed Ox-DDGS compared to CON, but percentage of fat-free carcass lean was not affected. Feeding Ox-DDGS increased (P < 0.001) PUFA concentration, particularly linoleic acid (P < 0.001), and iodine value (P < 0.001) in belly fat and backfat compared to pigs fed CON. Dietary vitamin E levels did not affect fatty acid profiles in belly or back fat. Loin muscle TBARS were measured to determine the lipid peroxidation level in pork loins. Although pigs were fed a Ox-DDGS source in this study, TBARS in LM were similar between Ox-DDGS and CON treatments. There was no interaction between Ox-DDGS and dietary vitamin E concentration in LM TBARS. Alpha-tocopherol concentration in LM was greater (P < 0.001) in 10X-E than No-E or 1X-E dietary treatments. Compared to CON, feeding Ox-DDGS increased α-tocopherol concentration in LM of pigs fed No-E (1.0 vs. 3.1 mg/kg; P = 0.005) but not in those fed 1X-E or 10X-E. These results indicate that feeding diets containing 30% Ox-DDGS to wean-finish pigs may negatively affect growth performance, but supplementation of additional vitamin E in the diet did not counteract these effects.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Carne/análise , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Oxirredução , Distribuição Aleatória , Sus scrofa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Desmame , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagem
9.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 57(6): 534-9, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23941521

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The C-S lyase activity of bacteria in the human armpit releases highly malodorous, volatile sulfur compounds from nonvolatile precursor molecules. Such compounds significantly contribute to human body odour. Hence, C-S lyase represents an attractive target for anti-body-odour cosmetic products. Here, aiming at a final use in an ethanol-based deodorant formulation, 267 compounds and compound mixtures were screened for their ability to inhibit the C-S lyase activity of a Stapyhlococcus sp. crude extract. Staphylococcus sp. Isolate 128, closely related to Staphylococcus hominis, was chosen as the test bacterium, as it showed a reproducibly high specific C-S lyase activity on three different culturing media. Using a photometric assay and benzylcysteine as substrate, six rather complex, plant-derived compound mixtures and five well defined chemical compounds or compound mixtures were identified as inhibitors, leading to an inhibition of ≥70% at concentrations of ≤0·5% in the assay. The inhibition data have demonstrated that compounds with two vicinal hydroxyl groups or one hydroxyl and one keto group bound to an aryl residue are characteristic for the inhibition. The substances identified as C-S lyase inhibitors have the potential to improve the performance of anti-body-odour cosmetic products, for example, ethanol-based deodorants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Bacterial C-S lyase represents one of the key enzymes involved in human body odour formation. The aim of this study was to identify compounds inhibiting the C-S lyase activity of a Staphylococcus sp. isolate from the human skin. The compounds identified as the best inhibitors are characterized by the following features: two vicinal hydroxyl groups or one hydroxyl and one keto group bound to an aryl residue. They might be used to improve the performance of cosmetic products aiming to prevent the formation of microbially caused human body odour, for example, ethanol-based deodorants.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Liases/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas/química , Pele/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/enzimologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Liases/genética , Liases/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação
10.
J Anim Sci ; 91(6): 2715-28, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23482577

RESUMO

Some sources of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) contain relatively high amounts of oxidized lipids produced from PUFA peroxidation during the production process. These oxidized lipids may impair metabolic oxidation status of pigs. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of feeding corn-soybean meal diets (CON) or diets containing 30% highly oxidized DDGS with 1 of 3 levels of supplemental vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate), none, the 1998 NRC level (11 IU/kg), and 10x the 1998 NRC level (110 IU/kg), on oxidative status of nursery pigs. The DDGS source used in this study contained the greatest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, peroxide value, and total S content (5.2 ng/mg oil, 84.1 mEq/kg oil, and 0.95%, respectively) relative to 30 other DDGS sources sampled (mean values = 1.8 ng/mg oil, 11.5 mEq/kg oil, and 0.50%, respectively). Barrows (n = 54) were housed in pens and fed the experimental diets for 8 wk after weaning and transferred to individual metabolism cages for collection of feces, urine, blood, and liver samples. Total S content was greater in DDGS diets than in CON (0.39 vs. 0.19%). Dietary inclusion of 30% DDGS improved apparent total tract digestibility of S (86.8 vs. 84.6%; P < 0.001) and S retained (2.94 vs. 2.07 g/d; P < 0.01) compared with CON. Although pigs were fed highly oxidized DDGS in this study, serum TBARS were similar between DDGS and CON treatments. There was an interaction between DDGS and dietary vitamin E level for serum concentrations of α-tocopherol. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in pigs fed DDGS diets than those fed CON when dl-α-tocopheryl acetate was not provided or provided at the NRC level but were similar when dl-α-tocopheryl acetate was supplemented at the 10x NRC level. Pigs fed DDGS diets had greater serum concentrations of S-containing AA, particularly Met (P < 0.001) and taurine (P = 0.002), compared with those fed CON. Liver glutathione concentration was greater in pigs fed DDGS diets than CON (56.3 vs. 41.8 nmol/g). Dietary inclusion of DDGS (P < 0.001) and vitamin E (P = 0.03) increased enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase. The elevated concentrations of S-containing antioxidants (Met, taurine, and glutathione) in vivo may protect pigs against oxidative stress when feeding highly oxidized DDGS. Therefore, the increased S content in DDGS may be beneficial, and increasing concentrations of vitamin E in diets may not be necessary to protect pigs against metabolic oxidative stress when feeding high S and highly peroxidized DDGS.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Enxofre/metabolismo , Sus scrofa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sus scrofa/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/sangue , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/veterinária , Cromatografia Líquida/veterinária , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fezes/química , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas/veterinária , Oxirredução , Distribuição Aleatória , Enxofre/análise , Enxofre/sangue , Enxofre/urina , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagem
11.
Chirurg ; 84(2): 130, 132-9, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23247560

RESUMO

Until recently peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) arising from colorectal cancer (CRC) was considered to be a terminal disease manifestation. Despite palliative systemic chemotherapy (CHT) the majority of patients died within a few months. Nowadays cytoreductive surgery (CRS) of the peritoneal cavity in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal CHT and perioperative systemic CHT may offer a chance for long-term survival in selected groups of patients. In this study we report the results obtained with this treatment strategy in 30 consecutive patients. Data were assessed prospectively. After a median follow-up of 16.9 months the median survival time in all 30 patients reached 24.3 months. Favorable prognostic factors are a low extent of intraperitoneal metastases as characterized by a low peritoneal cancer index (median survival PCI ≤ 10: 33.2 months vs. PCI 11-19: 12.1 months) and a complete or nearly complete CRS (median survival CCR 0/1: 33.1 months vs. CCR2/3: 12.1 months). The 2-year overall survival was 89% for patients with a PCI ≤ 10 and 65% for those with surgical CCR 0/1 cytoreduction. As not every patient with CRC and PC may profit from this relatively aggressive therapy an interdisciplinary patient selection (tumor board) and treatment in experienced surgical oncology centers is recommended.


Assuntos
Quimioterapia do Câncer por Perfusão Regional/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Hipertermia Induzida/métodos , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Peritônio/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Causalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Comportamento Cooperativo , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Período Intraoperatório , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/terapia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Neoplasias Peritoneais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida
12.
J Anim Sci ; 90(2): 523-32, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21926324

RESUMO

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a moderate level of 2 different fiber sources on energy metabolites; mitochondrial biogenesis in the intestine, liver, and muscle; and the expression of some genes that regulate energy metabolism in intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Female pigs (n = 36; BW = 15.0 ± 0.7 kg) were fed diets containing no added fiber, 12.5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), or 12.5% wheat bran (WB) for 24 d. Blood samples were collected on d 7 and 24 for cholesterol, glucose, NEFA, and triglyceride analyses. At completion of the experiment, ileum, colon, subcutaneous adipose, and LM samples were obtained from a subset (n = 6) of pigs fed each diet for analysis of tissue mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mRNA abundance by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Glycogen and triglyceride content of liver and LM were determined, and colon content VFA was also determined. The addition of SBP or WB to the diet had no effect (P > 0.55) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Serum NEFA and triglycerides were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed SBP compared with pigs fed the control diet or WB on d 7, and NEFA remained increased (P < 0.05) on d 24 in pigs fed SBP. Dietary fiber had no effect (P > 0.24) on glycogen and triglyceride content of liver or LM, but colonic acetate concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed either SBP or WB. Pigs fed WB had an increased (P < 0.05) mtDNA content in ileum tissue and increased (P < 0.05) citrate synthase mRNA in colon tissue. In the liver, feeding either SBP or WB led to a decrease (P < 0.05) in mtDNA content, whereas feeding WB decreased (P < 0.05) mtDNA abundance in the LM, and feeding either SBP or WB decreased (P < 0.05) expression of citrate synthase mRNA. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed that feeding WB increased (P < 0.05) proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA abundance in the ileum and colon. Feeding WB increased (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PPAR coactivator 1 α, in ileum tissue, and increased (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of another mediator of mitochondrial biogensis, sirtuin 1, in colon tissue. Colonic mRNA expression of fasting-induced adipose factor was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed either SBP or WB, and adipose triglyceride lipase mRNA abundance was increased (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue of pigs fed SBP. These data indicate that increasing dietary fiber can increase the capacity of the intestine for oxidative metabolism and induce a repartitioning of energy metabolites depending on fiber source.


Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Suínos/metabolismo , Animais , Beta vulgaris/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Feminino , Glicogênio/sangue , RNA Mensageiro/química , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Distribuição Aleatória , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Triglicerídeos/sangue
13.
Zentralbl Chir ; 136(4): 325-33, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21863510

RESUMO

In UICC stage I a selected group of patients with T1 tumours and a low risk profile regarding simultaneous lymph node metastases can be treated by endoscopic resection alone, if the tumour is thereby completely removed. In UICC stage II an adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) should not be routinely performed. However, in high risk UICC stage II patients (T4 tumour, less than 12 examined lymph nodes, emergency surgery, intraoperative tumour perforation), an adjuvant CT with infusional 5-FU/FA should be recommended. The state of the art in UICC stage III is an adjuvant CT with FOLFOX. In this tumour stage no beneficial effect of CT involving irinotecan or monoclonal antibodies has been documented. Due to CT-induced side effects an infusional 5-FU/FA protocol or oral capecitabine should be given in patients older than 70 years. In stage UICC IV with resectable liver metastases, surgical resection of the primary tumour and the metastases should be implemented. Since no conclusive data are currently available regarding the beneficial effect of neoadjuvant, perioperative or adjuvant CT in this setting, the therapeutic strategy should be individually discussed between surgeons and oncologists (tumour board). In cases of non-resectable liver metastases a neoadjuvant CT should be performed, preferentially with a FOLFOX protocol in combination with targeted therapies, i.e., the monoclonal antibody cetuximab, aimed at tumour regression with radical metastasectomy as the secondary intent (R0). Patients with UICC stage II colon cancer and microsatellite instability (MSI) apparently experience a better prognosis but do not profit from an adjuvant CT with 5-FU/FA alone. If a CT is under consideration for these patients, the MSI status should be determined on tumour tissue. In cases of a positive result a combination CT, i.e., with FOLFOX, should be given. The relevance of the MSI status in other tumour stages is as yet unknown. Before targeted therapies, i.e., cetuximab or panitumumab, are initiated, the KRAS status needs to be determined, since therapies with antibodies against the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) are only effective in tumours bearing the KRAS wild-type.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cetuximab , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias do Colo/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Comportamento Cooperativo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Metastasectomia , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos Organoplatínicos/uso terapêutico , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Prognóstico
14.
J Anim Sci ; 88(1): 238-47, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19783708

RESUMO

Five experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of different phytase products to improve P digestibility in finishing pigs. A corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0.50% Ca, 0.32% P, and 0.40% Cr(2)O(3) was used to calculate apparent P and GE digestibility. Pigs were individually penned and fed their respective diet for ad libitum intake for 12 d before fecal sampling on d 13 and 14 and blood collection on d 14 for plasma P determination. Experiments 1 through 4 used gilts with across-trial average initial and final BW of 84 and 97 kg, respectively. Pigs were fed Natuphos (Exp. 1), OptiPhos (Exp. 2), Phyzyme (Exp. 3), or RonozymeP (Exp. 4) at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg (where 1 FTU is defined as the quantity of enzyme required to liberate 1 micromol of inorganic P per min, at pH 5.5, from an excess of 15 micromol/L of sodium phytate at 37 degrees C). Experiment 5 used barrows with initial and final BW of 98 and 111 kg, respectively, and were fed diets containing 0, 500, or 1,000 FTU/kg of Natuphos, OptiPhos, Phyzyme, or RonozymeP. Pigs fed Natuphos (Exp. 1) and OptiPhos (Exp. 2) exhibited a linear and quadratic (P < 0.01) improvement in P digestibility with increasing levels of dietary phytase, whereas pigs fed Phyzyme (Exp. 3) and RonozymeP (Exp. 4) exhibited a linear (P < 0.01) improvement in apparent P digestibility with increasing levels of dietary phytase. In Exp. 5, the improvement in apparent P digestibility with increasing levels of dietary phytase was linear (P < 0.01) for Natuphos, Phyzyme, and RonozymeP, but was linear and quadratic (P < 0.01) for OptiPhos. Based on regression analysis, inorganic P release at 500 FTU/kg was predicted to be 0.070, 0.099, 0.038, and 0.030% for Natuphos, OptiPhos, Phyzyme, and RonozymeP, respectively. These estimates are comparable with those of pigs in Exp. 5, for which the estimated inorganic P release at 500 FTU/kg was 0.102, 0.039, and 0.028% for OptiPhos, Phyzyme, and RonozymeP, respectively, but not for the 0.034% value determined for Natuphos. The effect of dietary phytase on GE digestibility was inconsistent with a linear (P < 0.01) improvement in GE digestibility noted for OptiPhos (Exp. 2 and 5) and RonozymeP (Exp. 4), but the quadratic (P < 0.01) improvement for Natuphos. There was no effect of dietary phytase on plasma inorganic P. The data presented show clear improvements in P digestibility, with the estimated level of inorganic P release being dependent on phytase source and level.


Assuntos
6-Fitase/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Glycine max , Fósforo/metabolismo , Suínos/fisiologia , Zea mays , Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Cálcio da Dieta , Digestão/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Fósforo na Dieta
16.
Orthopade ; 37(10): 997-9, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18719884

RESUMO

In times of limited financial and human resources the application of adjuvant physiotherapy postoperatively in orthopaedic patients requires reevaluation. In the early postoperative course physiotherapy improves the patients' mobility. However, it is not able to reduce the need for pain medication. It is intended to minimize complications and to mobilize and motivate the patients early. In contrast, massages are of minor importance in the immediate postoperative course and are applied only in a few selected cases. Cryotherapy plays a major role especially after shoulder and knee surgery. On the other hand, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acupuncture are applied only in selected patients after orthopaedic surgery, e.g., after limb amputation.


Assuntos
Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Terapia por Acupuntura , Amputação Cirúrgica , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Crioterapia , Humanos , Motivação , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Seleção de Pacientes , Período Pós-Operatório , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea
17.
J Anim Sci ; 86(11): 2962-70, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18599668

RESUMO

The effects of dietary crude glycerin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality indices, and tissue histology in growing pigs were determined in a 138-d feeding trial. Crude glycerin utilized in the trial contained 84.51% glycerin, 11.95% water, 2.91% sodium chloride, and 0.32% methanol. Eight days postweaning, 96 pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, average BW of 7.9 +/- 0.4 kg) were allotted to 24 pens (4 pigs/pen), with sex and BW balanced at the start of the experiment. Dietary treatments were 0, 5, and 10% crude glycerin inclusion in corn-soybean meal-based diets and were randomly assigned to pens. Diets were offered ad libitum in meal form and formulated to be equal in ME, sodium, chloride, and Lys, with other AA balanced on an ideal AA basis. Pigs and feeders were weighed every other week to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. At the end of the trial, all pigs were scanned using real-time ultrasound and subsequently slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Blood samples were collected pretransport and at the time of slaughter for plasma metabolite analysis. In addition, kidney, liver, and eye tissues were collected for subsequent examination for lesions characteristic of methanol toxicity. After an overnight chilling of the carcass, loins were removed for meat quality, sensory evaluation, and fatty acid profile analysis. Pig growth, feed intake, and G:F were not affected by dietary treatment. Dietary treatment did not affect 10th-rib backfat, LM area, percent fat free lean, meat quality, or sensory evaluation. Loin ultimate pH was increased (P = 0.06) in pigs fed the 5 and 10% crude glycerin compared with pigs fed no crude glycerin (5.65 and 5.65 versus 5.57, respectively). Fatty acid profile of the LM was slightly changed by diet with the LM from pigs fed 10% crude glycerin having less linoleic acid (P < 0.01) and more eicosapentaenoic acid (P = 0.02) than pigs fed the 0 or 5% crude glycerin diets. Dietary treatment did not affect blood metabolites or frequency of lesions in the examined tissues. This experiment demonstrated that pigs can be fed up to 10% crude glycerin with no effect on pig performance, carcass composition, meat quality, or lesion scores.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Carne/normas , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue , Ácidos Graxos/química , Feminino , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento
18.
J Anim Sci ; 86(10): 2585-95, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18502882

RESUMO

Concern over the environmental effect of P excretion from pig production has led to reduced dietary P supplementation. To examine how genetics influence P utilization, 94 gilts sired by 2 genetic lines (PIC337 and PIC280) were housed individually and fed either a P-adequate diet (PA) or a 20% P-deficient diet (PD) for 14 wk. Initially and monthly, blood samples were collected and BW recorded after an overnight fast. Growth performance and plasma indicators of P status were determined monthly. At the end of the trial, carcass traits, meat quality, bone strength, and ash percentage were determined. Pigs fed the PD diet had decreased (P < 0.05) plasma P concentrations and poorer G:F (P < 0.05) over the length of the trial. After 4 wk on trial, pigs fed the PD diet had increased (P < 0.05) plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and decreased (P < 0.05) plasma parathyroid hormone compared with those fed the PA diet. At the end of the trial, pigs fed the PD diet had decreased (P < 0.05) BW, HCW, and percentage fat-free lean and tended to have decreased LM area (P = 0.06) and marbling (P = 0.09) and greater (P = 0.12) 10th-rib backfat than pigs fed the PA diet. Additionally, animals fed the PD diet had weaker bones and also decreased (P < 0.05) ash percentage and increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of 1alpha-hydroxylase and parathyroid hormone receptor mRNA in kidney tissue. Regardless of dietary treatment, PIC337-sired pigs consumed more feed and gained more BW than their PIC280-sired counterparts (P < 0.05) during the study. The PIC337-sired pigs also had greater (P < 0.05) HCW, larger (P < 0.01) LM area, and tended to have (P = 0.07) greater dressing percentage. Meat from the PIC337-sired pigs also tended to have greater (P = 0.12) concentrations of lactate but decreased (P = 0.07) concentrations of total glucose units 24 h postslaughter. Although plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) in all the animals fed the PD diet, this elevation due to P deficiency tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in the PIC337-sired pigs after 12 wk on the treatment. The PIC337-sired pigs had stronger (P < 0.01) bones with greater ash percentage than the PIC280-sired pigs. The difference in the strength of the radii between the PIC337-sired pigs fed the PA and PD diets was greater than their PIC280-sired counterparts, which resulted in sire line x treatment interactions (P < 0.05). These data indicate differing mechanisms of P utilization between these genetic lines. Elucidating these mechanisms may lead to strategies to increase efficiency of growth in a more environmentally friendly manner.


Assuntos
Fósforo na Dieta/farmacologia , Fósforo/deficiência , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Suínos/genética , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Composição Corporal/genética , Densidade Óssea , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Rim/metabolismo , Carne/normas
19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18049821

RESUMO

Since population-level variation in female mating preferences can shape intraspecific communication systems within the context of sexual selection it is essential to quantify these preferences and their sources of variation. We calculated individual female response functions for four male calling song traits in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, by performing untethered phonotaxis measurements on a spherical locomotor compensator (Kramer treadmill). Firstly, we quantify the population-level sources of phonotactic variation and correct for factors that adversely affect this measurement. Secondly, we develop methodology for the characterisation of individual female phonotactic response functions suitable for population-level analyses and demonstrate the applicability of our method with respect to recent literature on Orthopteran acoustic communication. Phonotaxis towards a preferred stimulus on different occasions is highly repeatable, with lower repeatabilities away from the most preferred signal traits. For certain male signal traits, female preference and selectivity are highly repeatable. Although phonotactic response magnitude deteriorated with age, preference functions of females remained the same during their lifetimes. Finally, the limitations of measuring phonotaxis using a spherical locomotor compensator are described and discussed with respect to the estimation of the selectivity of female response.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Comportamental/métodos , Gryllidae/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Orientação/fisiologia , Localização de Som , Comportamento Espacial/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica , Fatores Etários , Algoritmos , Análise de Variância , Comunicação Animal , Animais , Comportamento Apetitivo/fisiologia , Feminino , Modelos Estatísticos , Psicoacústica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
20.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 61(8): 976-85, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17299499

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on duration of pregnancy, conditional on the woman's habitual fish intake. DESIGN: Multicentre 1:1 randomised clinical trial of effect of fish oil in a high-risk population of pregnant women in whom habitual fish intake was assessed at randomisation. SETTING: Nineteen university delivery wards in seven European countries. SUBJECTS: Pregnant women with preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in a previous pregnancy (group 1, n=495); with twin pregnancies (group 2, n=367); or with suspicion of IUGR or threatening preeclampsia in the current pregnancy (group 3, n=106). Women were stratified into low, middle, or high fish consumers. METHODS: The intervention group received fish oil capsules providing 2.7 g long-chain n-3 fatty acids per day (n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) from around week 20 (groups 1 and 2) or 6.3 g n-3 PUFA from week 33 (group 3). The control regimen was capsules with olive oil. Effect on timing of spontaneous delivery was examined by Cox regression, assuming elective delivery (occurring in 40%) as a censoring event. Analyses of effect of fish oil were intention to treat, and all analyses were adjusted for maternal smoking, age, and parity. RESULTS: In group 1, fish oil reduced the hazard rate of spontaneous delivery (HR) by 44% (95% confidence interval 14-64%) and 39% (16-56%) in low and middle fish consumers, respectively, with no detectable effect (-56 to 33%) in high fish consumers. In groups 2 and 3, no significant effect of fish oil was detected in any of the sub-strata defined by baseline fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS: In pregnant women with previous pregnancy complications, fish oil supplementation delayed onset of delivery in low and middle, but not in high, fish consumers. SPONSORSHIP: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, Concerted Action (ERB-BMH1-CT92-1906) and PECO (ERB-CIPD-CT94-0235) programmes of the European Commission, and the Danish National Research Foundation. Lube Ltd donated the oil capsules.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Alimentos Marinhos , Adulto , Parto Obstétrico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Gravidez Múltipla
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