Effects of traditional Chinese herbal feed supplement on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant levels, and intestinal health in chickens: a study on Ningdu yellow chickens.

Traditional Chinese herbs have been widely researched as a green, safe, and effective feed additive for poultry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese prescription (TCP) based on various herbs in a specific ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant level, and intestinal health of Ningdu yellow chickens. A total of 420 female Ningdu yellow chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates of 14 each. The chickens were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% TCP from d 43 to 105. Body weight, feed intake, and serum biochemical indicators were recorded at d 70 and 105, intestinal morphology and microflora of the carcass were determined at d 105. Compared to the control group, chickens fed with TCP, particularly at the level of 0.6%, showed improved average daily gain and breast muscle percentage, as well as a lower feed-to-gain ratio with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Between 43 and 70 d of age, chickens fed with TCP exhibited higher levels of serum glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase, particularly in the group fed with the 0.6% level of TCP (P < 0.05). Between 43 and 105 d of age, feeding chickens with 0.4 and 0.6% TCP resulted in a decrease in serum IL-2 concentration, and increase in the IL-4 content (P < 0.05). Chickens fed with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% TCP had significantly higher jejunum villous height (P < 0.05), TCP supplementation also led to a marked increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Collectively, the study suggests that TCP supplementation can enhance immune and antioxidant functions, improve jejunum morphology, and positively impact cecum microflora in chickens. Based on these results, a level of 0.6% TCP could be considered an optimum level as a feed supplement for Ningdu yellow chickens aged 43 to 105 d.

Comparative efficacy and safety of four classical prescriptions for clearing damp-heat recommended by clinical guidelines in treating rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In China, along with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), some herbal formulae for clearing damp-heat are widely applied in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to summarize and compare the clinical effects of 4 guideline-recommended formulae, including Baihuguizhi decoction, Dangguiniantong decoction, Simiao pill, and Xuanbi decoction. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technique Journals (CQVIP), WanFang, and SinoMed (CBM) databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to July 2020 evaluating the efficacy and safety of these recommended herbal formulae combined with 1 csDMARD versus csDMARD alone in RA patients. A pairwise meta-analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.3 software, and a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed with Stata 14.0, R 4.0.2, GeMTC 0.14.3, and JAGS 4.3.0 software. Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 was used to assess the risk of bias. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test, the trim-fill adjustment, and funnel plots. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to validate the overall results. The rank probability of interventions was calculated and clustered by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Pharmacologic actions of formulae were explored through the network pharmacology approach. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies, including 1,079 individuals, were identified. Simiao pill + csDMARD [SMPPD, odds ratio (OR) =6.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.88 to 16.84] was superior to csDMARDs alone in clinical efficiency, and was more able to reduce C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels [mean difference (MD) =-7.91, 95% CI: -17.41 to -1.25; MD =-9.31, 95% CI: -14.48 to -5.56 respectively]. Although publication bias was observed (P=0.033), the trim-fill method indicated that the pooled values kept stable. Fewer adverse events (AEs) were shown with SMPPD (6.45%). TSA confirmed the results of efficacy rate at SMPPD. Network pharmacology included 5 common components and 66 common targets among 4 formulae in treating RA, involving regulating immunity and relieving inflammation. DISCUSSION: SMPPD might be a preferable complementary therapy for RA. However, considering the limitations of this study, recommendations for clinical practice should be validated by the results of further well-designed studies.

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Formula Sini Zuojin Decoction in Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: Based on 122 cases reported in China, data mining indicated that Sini Powder (SNP) and the Zuojin Pill (ZJP) are both widely used as the basic recipe for treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the intervention effects of Sini Zuojin Decoction (SNZJD) in patients with GERD. METHODS: A comprehensive collection of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using SNZJD in patients with GERD that were published in domestic and foreign journals was made by computer retrieval. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis and bias risk assessment, Stata 14.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis, GRADE profiler 3.6 was used to evaluate the level of evidence, and trial sequential analysis (TSA), employed to control for random errors, was performed to assess the main outcomes. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to preliminarily study the mechanisms of action of SNZJD on GERD. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were eventually included, covering a total of 966 patients. Meta-analysis indicated that: ① the SNZJD plus traditional stomach medicines (SPTSM) group was more effective than the traditional stomach medicines (TSM) group (RR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.04, 1.29], P = 0.009); ② the experimental group with SNZJD was significantly better than TSM controls in improving heartburn, substernal chest pain, acid regurgitation, and food regurgitation symptoms (P < 0.0001); ③ SPTSM could significantly decrease total symptom scores with substantial effectiveness (P < 0.00001). The recurrence rate and adverse effects of SNZJD treatment were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). TSA showed that the effective rate of meta-analysis might be reliable, but the recurrence and safety results were still uncertain. According to the evaluation by the GRADE method, the quality of evidence was low. Besides, SNZJD might treat GERD by acting on related targets and pathways such as inflammation, hormone regulation, and so on. CONCLUSIONS: SNZJD might be useful in the treatment of GERD, but its long-term effects and specific clinical mechanisms are unclear. Due to the poor quality of the evidence, more samples and high-quality clinical studies should be tested and verified in the future.