RESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Pueraria , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of goji (Lycium spp.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Lycium , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Interações Medicamentosas , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Alimentos , Frutas/química , Humanos , Lactação , Lycium/efeitos adversos , Lycium/química , MEDLINE , Medicina Tradicional , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , GravidezRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of chlorophyll by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Clorofila/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Clorofila/farmacologia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of elderberry and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Flores , Frutas , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Sambucus nigra , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Citrus , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of acai (Euterpe oleracea) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Gymnema , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Gymnema/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing, by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration is discussed in this monograph.
Assuntos
Cinnamomum , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Cinnamomum/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on stevia, including expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. This review serves as a clinical support tool. Electronic searches were conducted in 10 databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on the language or quality of the publications. All literature collected pertained to efficacy in humans, dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy and lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanisms of action. Standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. Grades were assigned using an evidence-based grading rationale. Based on the availability of scientific data, two indications are discussed in this review: hypertension and hyperglycemia. Evaluation of two long-term studies (1 and 2 years in length, respectively) indicates that stevia may be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients, although data from shorter studies (1-3 months) did not support these findings. A pair of small studies also report positive results with respect to glucose tolerance and response, although the relatively low methodological rigor of these experiments limits the strength of these findings. Further investigation is warranted in both indications.
Assuntos
Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Stevia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Stevia/efeitos adversos , Stevia/química , Edulcorantes/efeitos adversos , Edulcorantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review, including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Pelargonium , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Pelargonium/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rosmarinus , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Fabaceae/química , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Comportamento Cooperativo , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Amido/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific evidence on chia (Salvia hispanica) including history, folkloric precedent, expert opinion, pharmacology, dosing, interactions, adverse effects, and toxicology. This review serves as a clinical support tool. METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in ten databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on language or quality of publications. All literature collected pertained to efficacy in humans, dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy/lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanisms of action. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria are utilized for selection. Grades were assigned using an evidence-based grading rationale. RESULTS: The available human and non-human studies show possible effectiveness for allergies, angina, athletic performance enhancement, cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack, hormonal/endocrine disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke, and vasodilatation. Some evidence also suggests possible anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antiviral effects of Salvia hispanica. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of Salvia hispanica for any indication; thus far, only two clinical studies have examined the effects of Salvia hispanica on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (including body weight). One study showed some effects on some CVD risk factors, while the other did not. Neither study showed any effects of Salvia hispanica on weight loss. However, the historical use of Salvia hispanica suggests that it is safe for consumption by nonallergic individuals. Further rigorous examination is warranted pertaining to the use of Salvia hispanica as a dietary supplement, as well as in the treatment or prevention of human disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Suplementos Nutricionais , Salvia , Animais , Humanos , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/farmacologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Fibras na Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Interações Alimento-Droga , Interações Ervas-Drogas , Salvia/química , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on maitake, including expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. This review serves as a clinical support tool. Electronic searches were conducted in 10 databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on the language or quality of the publications. All literature collected pertained to efficacy in humans, dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy and lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanisms of action. Standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. Grades were assigned using an evidence-based grading rationale. There was a lack of systematic study on the safety and effectiveness of maitake in humans. However, based on popular use and supportive scientific data, three indications are discussed in this review: cancer, diabetes, and immunostimulation. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, maitake mushroom remains a popular agent in commercial products. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Assuntos
Grifola , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Interações Alimento-Droga , Grifola/química , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , beta-Glucanas/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy of Essiac. This review serves as a clinical support tool. Electronic searches were conducted in 10 databases, 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions were placed on the language or quality of the publications. Standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for selection. A review of the literature on Essiac and essiac formulations showed a lack of high-quality clinical trials to substantiate any of Essiac's traditional uses. Weak evidence from preclinical, animal, and laboratory data warranted a discussion regarding Essiac's use for cancer, but the results are inconclusive. Several other essiac preparations are noted in the literature, adding confusion to the exact formula and its proposed benefits. In general, there is a lack of both safety and efficacy data for Essiac and essiac formulations. Well-designed trials testing Essiac or individual herbal components are necessary to make firm recommendations.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Ervas-Drogas , Humanos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: This paper is an evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. SEARCH STRATEGY: To prepare each Natural Standard review, electronic searches are conducted in nine databases, including AMED, CANCERLIT, CINAHL, CISCOM, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HerbMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Medline, and NAPRALERT. Search terms include the common name(s), scientific name(s), and all listed synonyms for each topic. Hand searches are conducted of 20 additional journals (not indexed in common databases), and of bibliographies from 50 selected secondary references. No restrictions are placed on language or quality of publications. Researchers in the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are consulted for access to additional references or ongoing research. SELECTION CRITERIA: All literature is collected pertaining to efficacy in humans (regardless of study design, quality, or language), dosing, precautions, adverse effects, use in pregnancy/lactation, interactions, alteration of laboratory assays, and mechanism of action (in vitro, animal research, human data). Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria are utilized for selection. DATA ANALYSIS: Data extraction and analysis are performed by healthcare professionals conducting clinical work and/or research at academic centers, using standardized instruments that pertain to each review section (defining inclusion/exclusion criteria and analytic techniques, including validated measures of study quality). Data are verified by a second reviewer. REVIEW PROCESS: A blinded review is conducted by multidisciplinary research-clinical faculty at major academic centers with expertise in epidemiology and biostatistics, pharmacology, toxicology, CAM research, and clinical practice. In cases of editorial disagreement, a three-member panel of the Editorial Board addresses conflicts, and consults experts when applicable. Authors of studies are contacted when clarification is required.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Produtos Biológicos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Lipídeos , Perna (Organismo) , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/efeitos adversos , Lipídeos/farmacologia , Lipídeos/uso terapêutico , Perna (Organismo)/química , GravidezRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Vaccinium myrtillus , Antocianinas/administração & dosagem , Antocianinas/efeitos adversos , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.