Fucoxanthin-rich seaweed extract suppresses body weight gain and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice.

An ethanol extract of fucoxanthin-rich seaweed was examined for its effectiveness as a nutraceutical for body fat-lowering agent and for an antiobese effect based on mode of actions in C57BL/6J mice. Animals were randomized to receive a semi-purified high-fat diet (20% dietary fat, 10% corn oil and 10% lard) supplemented with 0.2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as the positive control, 1.43% or 5.72% fucoxanthin-rich seaweed ethanol extract (Fx-SEE), equivalent to 0.05% or 0.2% dietary fucoxanthin for six weeks. Results showed that supplementation with both doses of Fx-SEE significantly reduced body and abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG), and/or cholesterol concentrations compared to the high-fat control group. Activities of adipocytic fatty acid (FA) synthesis, hepatic FA and TG synthesis, and cholesterol-regulating enzyme were also lowered by Fx-SEE supplement. Concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fecal TG and cholesterol, as well as FA oxidation enzyme activity and UCP1 mRNA expression in epididymal WAT were significantly higher in the Fx-SEE groups than in the high-fat control group. CLA treatment reduced the body weight gain and plasma TG concentration. Overall, these results indicate that Fx-SEE affects the plasma and hepatic lipid profile, fecal lipids and body fat mass, and alters hepatic cholesterol metabolism, FA synthesis and lipid absorption.

Fucoxanthin supplementation improves plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism and blood glucose concentration in high-fat fed C57BL/6N mice.

This study investigated the effects of fucoxanthin isolated from marine plant extracts on lipid metabolism and blood glucose concentration in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6N mice. The mice were divided into high-fat control (HFC; 20% fat, w/w), low-fucoxanthin (low-Fxn; HFC+0.05% Fxn, w/w) and high-fucoxanthin (high-Fxn; HFC+0.2% Fxn, w/w) groups. Fxn supplementation significantly lowered the concentration of plasma triglyceride with a concomitant increase of fecal lipids in comparison to the HFC group. Also, the hepatic lipid contents were significantly lowered in the Fxn supplemented groups which seemed to be due to the reduced activity of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and the enhanced activity of beta-oxidation. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and its percentage were markedly elevated by Fxn supplementation. Activities of two key cholesterol regulating enzymes: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly suppressed by Fxn regardless of the dosage. Relative mRNA expressions of acyl-coA oxidase 1, palmitoyl (ACOX1) and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and gamma (PPARgamma) were significantly altered by Fxn supplementation in the liver. Fxn also lowered blood glucose and HbA(1c) levels along with plasma resistin and insulin concentrations. These results suggest that Fxn supplementation plays a beneficial role in not only regulating the plasma and hepatic lipids metabolism but also for blood glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice.

Anti-obese property of fucoxanthin is partly mediated by altering lipid-regulating enzymes and uncoupling proteins of visceral adipose tissue in mice.

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of fucoxanthin in diet-induced obesity mice fed a high-fat diet (20% fat, wt/wt). The mice were supplemented with two doses of fucoxanthin (0.05 and 0.2%, wt/wt) for 6 wk. Fucoxanthin significantly lowered body weight and visceral fat-pads weights compared with the control group without altering food intake. In epididymal adipose tissue of fucoxanthin-fed mice, adipocyte sizes and mRNA expression of lipogenic and fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes were significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower in the fucoxanthin groups than in the control group, while the adiponectin level was elevated. Fucoxanthin significantly down-regulated various lipogenic enzyme activities in epididymal adipose tissue with a simultaneous decrease in fatty acid beta-oxidation activity. The 0.2% fucoxanthin supplement led to increase mRNA expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and UCP-3 in brown adipose tissue and that of UCP-2 in the epididymal white adipose tissue. However, the 0.05% fucoxanthin only elevated UCP-1 mRNA expression in epididymal white adipose tissue. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of fucoxanthin could be mediated by altering lipid-regulating enzymes and UCPs in the visceral fat tissues and plasma adipokine levels.

Hypolipidemic and body fat-lowering effects of Fatclean in rats fed a high-fat diet.

The body fat-lowering and hypolipidemic effects of a Fatclean formula were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet. Animals were given a normal control (NC) diet or a 15% high-fat (HF) diet with or without Fatclean (5%, wt/wt) supplement for 6 weeks. Fatclean formula contained phenolic compounds (14.3mg/g) and other functional compounds. Fatclean formula significantly lowered final body weights and visceral fat-pads weights, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and hepatic hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) and acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activities compared to the HF group. Furthermore, adipocytic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was also significantly elevated in the Fatclean group than in the HF group. The high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total-cholesterol (HDL-C/Total-C) ratio and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly improved in the Fatclean group than in the HF group. The accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets and the epididymal white adipocyte size were diminished in the Fatclean group than in the HF group. Accordingly, Fatclean seemed to be beneficial for the reduction of body weight and/or body fat and its hyperlipidemic property was highly active for enhancing the plasma lipids profile.

Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of a proprietary herb and fiber combination (S&S PWH) in rats fed high-fat diets.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of S&S PWH, a proprietary herb and fiber combination (Bionutrigen Inc., Daejon, Republic of Korea), on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different diets for a 6-week period: normal control diet containing 5% (wt/wt) corn oil (NC group), high-fat diet containing 10% (wt/wt) lard plus 5% (wt/wt) corn oil (HF group), and high-fat diet supplemented with powdered 5% (wt/wt) S&S PWH (S&S PWH group). The body weights and relative weights of the epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue were significantly lower in the S&S PWH group than in the HF group. S&S PWH supplementation significantly lowered plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, whereas it elevated the ratio of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total-cholesterol and improved the atherogenic index. The accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets and the epididymal white adipocyte size were less in the S&S PWH group than in the HF group. Hepatic hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activities were significantly lower, while adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity was significantly higher, in the S&S PWH group than in the HF group. These beneficial effects may be due to the combined properties of the phenolic compounds present in high concentrations (1.89 g/100 g) in the S&S PWH. In conclusion, these results suggest that S&S PWH can be considered as an anti-obesity functional formula that is effective for suppressing body weight gain and enhancing lipid profile.