RESUMO
Improvement of refractory nitrogen-containing organics biodegradation is crucial to meet discharged nitrogen standards and guarantee aquatic ecology safety. Although electrostimulation accelerates organic nitrogen pollutants amination, it remains uncertain how to strengthen ammonification of the amination products. This study demonstrated that ammonification was remarkably facilitated under micro-aerobic conditions through the degradation of aniline, an amination product of nitrobenzene, using an electrogenic respiration system. The microbial catabolism and ammonification were significantly enhanced by exposing the bioanode to air. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and GeoChip analysis, our results indicated that aerobic aniline degraders and electroactive bacteria were enriched in suspension and inner electrode biofilm, respectively. The suspension community had a significantly higher relative abundance of catechol dioxygenase genes contributing to aerobic aniline biodegradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger genes to protect from oxygen toxicity. The inner biofilm community contained obviously higher cytochrome c genes responsible for extracellular electron transfer. Additionally, network analysis indicated the aniline degraders were positively associated with electroactive bacteria and could be the potential hosts for genes encoding for dioxygenase and cytochrome, respectively. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance nitrogen-containing organics ammonification and offers new insights into the microbial interaction mechanisms of micro-aeration assisted with electrogenic respiration.
Assuntos
Dioxigenases , Águas Residuárias , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Aminas , Compostos de Anilina , Respiração , Ciclo do NitrogênioRESUMO
Acute lung injury (ALI) was one of the major complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in ALI following CPB. In this study, we investigated the effects of doxycycline (DOX), a potent MMP inhibitor, on MMP-9 and ALI in the rat model of CPB. 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: group I (Control group, underwent cannulation + heparinization only); group II (CPB group, underwent 60-minutes of normothermic CPB); group III (Low-dose treatment group, underwent 60-minutes of normothermic CPB with DOX gavage 30 mg/kg ×1 week ahead of CPB); and group IV (High-dose treatment group, underwent 60-minutes of normothermic CPB with DOX gavage 60 mg/kg ×1 week ahead of CPB). The effects of doxycycline on ALI were determined by measuring the lung Wet/Dry ratio, the inflammation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the ultrastructural changes of the lungs. The role of doxycycline on MMP-9 was assessed by the plasma concentration, the activity and the expression in lung tissue. Our results demonstrated that the lung Wet/Dry weight ratio and the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1ß) in BALF were decreased significantly with doxycycline treatment. The lung damages were attenuated by doxycycline. The levels of plasma concentration, the activity and the expression of MMP-9 in lung tissue were suppressed with doxycycline and the effects were dose dependent. Doxycycline could suppress the expression of MMP-9 and cytokines, and improve the ALI following CPB.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Acute lung injury is a common complication after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Oxidative damage greatly impacts CPB-induced lung ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. We aimed to investigate whether curcumin upregulates heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression and ameliorates lung injury in a rat CPB model. METHODS: A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 sets of 5 groups (n = 8 per group): sham; control (CPB); vehicle; low-dose curcumin (L-Cur); and high-dose curcumin (H-Cur). Animals were pretreated with a single intraperitoneal injection of vehicle, L-Cur (50 mg/kg), or H-Cur (200 mg/kg) 2 hours prior to CPB. Lung tissue, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was harvested 2 or 24 hours postoperatively. In the control group, CPB-induced lung injury was confirmed by histopathologic examination and a significantly increased wet-to-dry lung weight ratio and pulmonary permeability index value was observed (P < .05 vs sham group). Cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with a marked rise in the level of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase and a fall in superoxide dismutase 2 and 24 hours after surgery (P < .05 vs sham group). Administration of curcumin ameliorated lung damage and reversed the oxidative stress markers in a partially dose-dependent manner (P < .05 vs vehicle group). Furthermore, HO-1 gene transcription and protein expression were elevated to a greater extent in the lungs after curcumin pretreatment compared with the vehicle pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin has the potential to provide protection from CPB-induced lung damage reflected in the expression of oxidative stress markers. The antioxidant effect of curcumin may be partly related to upregulation of HO-1.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/enzimologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/patologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiotônicos/administração & dosagem , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Pulmão/enzimologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Using K-fold cross validation method and two support vector machine functions, four kernel functions, grid-search, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, the authors constructed the support vector machine model of the best penalty parameter c and the best correlation coefficient. Using information granulation technology, the authors constructed P particle and epsilon particle about those factors affecting net photosynthetic rate, and reduced these dimensions of the determinant. P particle includes the percent of visible spectrum ingredients. Epsilon particle includes leaf temperature, scattering radiation, air temperature, and so on. It is possible to obtain the best correlation coefficient among photosynthetic effective radiation, visible spectrum and individual net photosynthetic rate by this technology. The authors constructed the training set and the forecasting set including photosynthetic effective radiation, P particle and epsilon particle. The result shows that epsilon-SVR-RBF-genetic algorithm model, nu-SVR-linear-grid-search model and nu-SVR-RBF-genetic algorithm model obtain the correlation coefficient of up to 97% about the forecasting set including photosynthetic effective radiation and P particle. The penalty parameter c of nu-SVR-linear-grid-search model is the minimum, so the model's generalization ability is the best. The authors forecasted the forecasting set including photosynthetic effective radiation, P particle and epsilon particle by the model, and the correlation coefficient is up to 96%.
Assuntos
Florestas , Panax/fisiologia , Fotossíntese , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Algoritmos , Previsões , Modelos Lineares , TemperaturaRESUMO
It has been known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The antioxidative effects of Astragalus saponin I (AS I) were studied in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of high glucose and H2O2, the total antioxidative capability, catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase level of rat mesangial cells were significantly decreased, and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA level, collagen IV, and laminin level were significantly increased. When compared with those in the high glucose group, these 4 indexes of cells incubated in 2.0 and/or 20 micromol/L of AS I were significantly enhanced, and levels of TGF-beta1 mRNA, collagen IV and laminin were statistically decreased. By flowcytomery, percentages of S phase of cells incubated in high glucose and H2O2 were lowered, while those in AS I were increased. Furthermore, the physical behaviors of rats treated with 12 mg/kg of AS I restored with vigor and weight gaining, while the level of HbAlC was significantly reduced. Thus, AS I has antioxidative effects and is a potential compound worth further study because it may prevent the development of DN.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Astrágalo/química , Nefropatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Células Mesangiais/metabolismo , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Mesangiais/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Saponinas/classificaçãoRESUMO
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the leading cause of end stage failure, but no renoprotective treatment has been very available for use in DN. Astragalus saponin I (AS I), a component extracted from Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE, was studied in experimental DN induced by administration of streptozotocin in male rats. The early DN rats were treated with 3 doses of AS I for 8 weeks to analyze its efficacy with different parameters. By comparison with vehicle-treated DN rats, the renal hypertrophy, the oxidative stress intensity, and the blood glucose level of DN rats were ameliorated by AS I. Also, the microalbuminuria level, advanced glycated end-products either in serum or in kidney cortex, and the aldose reductase activity were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 mRNA in kidney cortex by RT-PCR analysis was markedly declined. Both the relative grade of mesangium hyperplasia by microscopical observation and the thickness of glomerular base membrane by electron microscope measurement were decreased significantly. Therefore, the results suggest that AS I has therapeutic effects on several pharmacological targets in the progress of DN and is a potential drug for prevention of early stage DN.