Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Neuromuscular Joint Facilitation on Upper Limb Motor Disorders for Stroke Patients.

Context: Approximately 1.5- to 2-million new patients suffer from stroke annually in China. 60% of patients suffering from stroke will sustain different degrees of upper limb dysfunction at six months after onset. Recovery of upper limb function after stroke is of great significance in improving patients' quality of life. Objective: The study intended to explore the rehabilitative the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with neuromuscular joint therapy on the rehabilitation of patients with upper-limb motor disorders after strokes to provide new ideas for rehabilitative treatment. Design: The study was a paired control test. Setting: The study took place in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College in Changzhi, Shanxi, China. Participants: Participants were 80 stroke patients with upper-limb motor disorders who were treated at the hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. Intervention: According to the natural grouping method, the research team divided participants into an intervention group (n = 42) and a control group (n = 38). The control group received transcranial direct-current stimulation, and the intervention group received transcranial direct-current stimulation combined with neuromuscular joint therapy. Outcome Measures: The measurements included the scores on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), activities of daily living (ADL), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as well as the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The team also measured the maximum isometric torque of flexion and extension of the elbow joint. The research team compared the differences in the scores between the groups for all variables. Results: Postintervention, the FMA, ARAT, and ADL scores, the torques of elbow flexion and extension maximum isometric contraction, the amplitude, and the serum BDNF, NGF, and SOD levels were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group, while the NIHSS score and the incubation period of evoked potential were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with the neuromuscular joint method demonstrated good rehabilitative effects on upper-limb movement disorders for stroke patients and significantly improved their upper-limb function and promoted recovery of nerve functions.

Research on the online teaching practice of Chinese traditional medicine based on the model of "Chaoxing learning platform + live broadcasting" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Taking the course of Chinese traditional medicine as an example, this paper discusses the construction and implementation effect of online teaching mode from the following four aspects: online teaching curriculum design, teaching implementation, teaching effect evaluation, and teaching reflection, with a view to providing beneficial reference for the follow-up hybrid teaching and promoting the construction of hybrid first-class courses by summarizing the experience of online teaching.

Research on ontology construction of acupuncture effect based on ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022 / 中国针灸

In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Functional dyspepsia treated with acupuncture of different frequencies: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of acupuncture with different frequencies in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with FD were randomly divided into a 3-time acupuncture treatment per week group (3-A group, 31 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a 1-time acupuncture treatment per week group (1-A group, 30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (29 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the two acupuncture groups, the acupoints were Zhongwan (CV 12) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Neiguan (PC 6), Liangqiu (ST 34), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3), stimulated 3 times a week and once a week, respectively; and the treatment was given consecutively for 4 weeks. In the control group, no intervention was adopted, but the compensatory therapy was provided after the end of follow-up. The scores of the symptom index of dyspepsia (SID), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were compared among the 3 groups before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment and in 4 and 8 weeks after treatment completion separately. The score of Nepean dyspepsia life quality index (NDLQI) was evaluated before treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and in 4 and 8 weeks after treatment completion.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of treatment and in 4 and 8 weeks after treatment completion, the scores of SID, SAS and SDS were all reduced in the 3-A group and the 1-A group when compared with the scores before treatment (P<0.000 1, P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of SID, SAS and SDS in the two acupuncture groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.000 1). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the increased values of NDLQI score in the two acupuncture groups were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In 4 and 8 weeks after treatment completion, the scores of SID, SAS and SDS in the 3-A group were lower than those in the 1-A group (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the increased values of NDLQI score in the 3-A group were higher than those in the 1-A group (P<0.000 1).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture given 3 times per week is superior to the treatment given once per week in the aspects of relieving the clinical symptoms, improving the quality of life and regulating the emotional state in patients with FD. This efficacy is persistent for 8 weeks after treatment completion.

Network Meta-analysis of efficacy of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy(DN) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines for improving inflammatory response in patients with DN was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and other databases from database inception to October 2022. All investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality. Stata 16.0 software and RevMan 5.4.1 were used to analyze the data of the literature that met the quality standards. Finally, 53 RCTs were included, involving 6 Chinese patent medicines. The total sample size was 4 891 cases, including 2 449 cases in the test group and 2 442 cases in the control group. The network Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of reducing TNF-α, the top 3 optimal interventions according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine.(2) In terms of reducing hs-CRP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine.(3) In terms of reducing IL-6, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing UAER, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of reducing Scr, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granules + conventional wes-tern medicine, and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of reducing BUN, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of improving the clinical total effective rate, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granu-les + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine. The results showed that the combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine could reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and inhibit the inflammatory response. The combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine was superior to western medicine alone in reducing Scr, BUN, and UAER, and improving the total effective rate of treatment. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of literature included, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.

Calcium Activation of Parvalbumin Neurons Induced by Electrical Motor Cortex Stimulation.

Electrical motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) has been used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) treatment. Some studies found that distinct cell types might lead to selective effects. As the largest subgroup of interneurons, Parvalbumin (PV) neurons have been reported to be involved in the mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy for PD treatment. However, little is known about their responses to the EMCS. In this study, we used in-vivo two-photon imaging to record calcium activities of PV neurons (specific type) and all neurons (non-specific type) in layer 2/3 primary motor cortex (MI) during EMCS with various stimulus parameters. We found PV neurons displayed different profiles of activation property compared to all neurons. The cathodal polarity preference of PV neurons decreased at a high-frequency stimulus. The calcium transients of PV neurons generated by EMCS trended to be with large amplitude and short active duration. The optimal activation frequency of PV neurons is higher than that of all neurons. These results improved our understanding of the selective effects of EMCS on specific cell types, which could bring more effective stimulation protocols for PD treatment.

Effect of panlong needling at Jiaji (EX-B 2) on motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease of liver and kidney deficiency: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the curative effect of panlong needling at Jiaji (EX-B 2) combined with western medication and western medication alone on motor dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) of liver and kidney deficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 98 patients with PD were randomly divided into an acupuncture and medication group (49 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a western medication group (49 cases,1 case was removed). The patients in the western medication group were given oral of levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets, 125 mg each time, three times a day in the 1st week, and the dose was increased according to the needs of the patients' condition from the 2nd week until 250 mg each time, three times a day, for 16 consecutive weeks. On the basis of the same western medication treatment as the western medication group, panlong needling was applied at Jiaji (EX-B 2) from C2 to L5 in the acupuncture and medication group, once a day, 20 times as a course of treatment, for 4 consecutive courses. The scores of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ, UPDRS-Ⅳ), TCM symptoms score, and 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) score were evaluated before treatment, after treatment and during follow-up of 1 month after treatment, respectively. The safety of the two groups was compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment and during follow-up, except the PDQ-39 score of the western medication group, the scores of UPDRS-Ⅲ, UPDRS-Ⅳ, TCM syndrome and PDQ-39 were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the scores of above indexes in the acupuncture and medication group were lower than those of the western medication group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the acupuncture and medication group was 10.4% (5/48), which was lower than 29.2% (14/48) in the western medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Panlong needling at Jiaji (EX-B 2) combined with western medication could significantly improve the motor dysfunction and clinical symptoms, improve the quality of life and has high safety, and the efficacy is superior to western medication alone.

Meta-analysis for clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating resistant hypertension / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in treating patients with resistant hypertension. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase and other databases were retrieved by computers to screen out the randomized controlled trial of traditional Chinese medicine in treating resistant hypertension. Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 was used for Meta-analysis. Finally, 11 literatures meeting the criteria were included, involving 1 023 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the combined therapy of standard triple antihypertensive regimen with traditional Chinese medicine could further reduce systolic blood pressure of patients with resistant hypertension(MD=-16.69, 95%CI[-22.21,-11.16], P<0.000 01), reduce diastolic blood pressure(MD=-7.51, 95%CI[-8.26,-6.76], P<0.000 01), improve the effective rate of anti-hypertension(OR=5.16, 95%CI[3.01, 8.84], P<0.000 01), improve the up-to-standard rate of blood pressure(OR=3.01, 95%CI[1.49, 6.09], P=0.002), and improve the effectiveness of clinical symptoms(OR=4.48, 95%CI[2.31, 8.68], P<0.000 01), with no significant effect on creatinine level(MD=-2.51, 95%CI[-6.91, 1.89], P=0.26). The results of this study indicated that the combined therapy of standard triple antihypertensive regimen with traditional Chinese medicine could further improve the clinical efficacy in patients with resistant hypertension with a good safety, but more high-quality clinical studies are still needed to verify this conclusion.

Clinical Application of Shengxiantang： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengxiantang， one of the classical traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） prescriptions， was developed by ZHANG Xi-chun， a well-known doctor in the Republic of China， to treat the syndrome of pectoral Qi sinking. Due to the unique herbal composition， this prescription has yielded remarkable outcomes， and it is still widely used for dealing with diseases of various systems. This paper reviewed the clinical research concerning Shengxiantang in order to provide reference for its clinical application. Following the retrieval of related articles published in the past ten years from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP）， and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） with the Chinese key words of “Shengxiantang （升陷汤）”， “sinking of pectoral Qi （大气下陷）”， “replenishing Qi and raising the sinking （益气升陷）”， and“pectoral Qi theory （大气理论）”， this paper collated the clinical application experience of Shengxiantang. To be specific， the corresponding etiology and pathogenesis， interpretations of Shengxiantang， as well as its indications， application experience and precautions were summarized to provide a basis for its further research and application. Based on the collected more than 50 representative articles， it was found that Shengxiantang has been extensively utilized for treating complex and critical diseases of various systems， especially the circulatory and respiratory diseases and organ prolapse. The research on the clinical application of Shengxiantang has deepened， exhibiting a promising development trend， which will provide new ideas for its clinical application.

Effect Analysis of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in Treatment of Cerebral Malaria Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the reasonable combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in treatment of cerebral malaria and investigate its mechanism based on network pharmacology. Method:The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） and SymMap were used to obtain all the chemical components of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma and the action targets were screened to construct a component target protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Target genes related to cerebral malaria were collected with use of GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Common targets were screened by overlapping drug targets and disease targets， and protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to get key targets. Gene ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to get main signaling pathways. Furthermore， the classical experimental cerebral malaria mouse model was used to detect survival curve， protozoanemia level， survival rate， experimental cerebral malaria （ECM） coma and behavior scores. RayBio^® cytokine antibody array was used to detect the expression level of cytokines in tissues and experiment was conducted for verification. Result:After combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 23 active ingredients， 179 drug targets， and a total of 100 common targets of the drug and disease were obtained. GO functional analysis identified 59 items （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， involving cytokine activity， growth factor activity， immune response， etc. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 51 related signaling pathways. The experimental results showed that the combined use of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma could significantly improve the clinical signs of ECM mice， such as survival state， coma and behavioral scores. In the detection of expression levels of related cytokines in mice， the expression levels of <italic>γ-</italic>interferon （IFN-<italic>γ）</italic>， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， IL-4， and IL-1<italic>β</italic> in the compatible drug combination drug were significantly higher than those in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， which was consistent with the overlapping core targets predicted by network pharmacology. Conclusion:Based on the network pharmacology analysis and<italic> in vivo</italic> experiment verification， this study confirmed the synergistic effect of the combination of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of cerebral malaria， providing clear direction for further mechanism research， and a new possibility for the clinical intervention of cerebral malaria.

[Proteomics analysis of erythrocyte membrane in rats with high altitude polycythemia before and after intervention with salidroside].

To investigate the effect of salidroside on the proteomics of erythrocyte membrane in high altitude erythrocytosis(HAPC) rats, in order to explore the mechanism of salidroside in improving HAPC based on the proteomics analysis. First, HPAC rat models were established, and 16 rats were randomly divided into HAPC model group and salidroside(100 mg·kg~(-1)) treatment group(8 rats per group). Saline was administered to the HAPC model group, while salidroside treatment group was given 100 mg·kg~(-1) salidroside once a day. After continuous oral administration with salidroside for 40 days(once a day), blood was collected from the femoral artery to obtain total red blood cell membrane proteins. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate total proteins. The two-dimensional electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins was analyzed before and after salidroside intervention, and the proteins with significant differences were identified by mass spectrometry. Finally, biological functions were analyzed using bioinformatics. A two-dimensional electrophoresis method was used to establish a protein expression profile with a high resolution and reproducibility of erythrocyte membranes in HAPC rats. Salidroside treatment significantly changed 18 protein spots in the 2-DE map of erythrocyte membranes, of which 13 proteins were up-regulated and 5 proteins were down-regulated. Eight differential proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis found that these differential proteins were involved in such biological processes as oxidative stress, redox, and peroxisome pathway, which are mainly associated with peroxisome and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, salidroside could significantly change the expressions of erythrocyte membrane proteins in HAPC rats. Eight differential proteins were identified by a proteomic-based approach. The differential proteins were involved in such biological processes as oxidative stress, redox, peroxisome pathway.

The Jasmonic Acid Pathway Positively Regulates the Polyphenol Oxidase-Based Defense against Tea Geometrid Caterpillars in the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis).

Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) as inducible defense proteins, contribute to tea (Camellia sinensis) resistance against tea geometrid larvae (Ectropis grisescens), and this resistance has been associated with the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling by testing geometrid performance in our previous work. However, the regulation of PPO-based defense by JA and other hormone signaling underlying these defense responses is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of phytohormones in regulating the PPO response to tea geometrids. We profiled levels of defense hormones, PPO activity and CsPPO genes in leaves infested with tea geometrids. Then, hormone levels were manipulated by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), gibberellin acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), JA biosynthesis inhibitors (sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate, DIECA and salicylhydroxamic acid, SHAM) and GA inhibitor (uniconazole, UNI). Upon geometrid attack, JA levels significantly increased, whereas GA levels notably decreased and ABA level was slightly decreased. And the PPO activity significantly increased in line with the transcript levels of CsPPO2 and CsPPO4 but not CsPPO1. There were an obvious antagonistic cross-talk between JA and GA signals and an association among JA signals, PPO response and herbivore resistance in tea plants. Pretreatment with MeJA increased PPO activity by activating the transcripts of CsPPO2 and CsPPO4, whereas application of JA inhibitor DIECA suppressed PPO activity. GA3 strongly enhanced PPO activity, but ABA did not alter PPO activity. These findings strongly suggest that JA is a central player in PPO-mediated tea resistance against tea geometrids in a manner that prioritizes defense over growth.

Research on PBL teaching embedded in traditional Chinese medicine English intercultural communication education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Problem-based Learning (PBL) teaching aims to develop students' ability to ask questions, analyze and solve problems so as to improve their autonomous learning and life-long learning ability. This study attempts to embed PBL teaching into the intercultural communication course of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) English. Feedbacks from students through assessment questionnaires and interviews, as well as the author's reflections based on the teaching are included in this paper. Suggestions on the practical application of PBL teaching in the course are also given in the end.

Effect of moxibustion at Feishu (BL 13) on airway inflammation in asthma model rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion at Feishu (BL 13) on related inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthma model rats, and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in treating asthma. Methods: A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group and a medication group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the rats in the other three groups were subjected to ovalbumin sensitization to stimulate the asthma. At the same time, rats in the moxibustion group received moxibustion at bilateral Feishu (BL 13), and rats in the medication group received dexamethasone by intragastric administration. Rats in the normal and the model groups only received the same fixation and normal saline by intragastric administration. After the interventions, the inspiratory resistance, the expiratory resistance, and the pulmonary compliance were measured for rats in each group; the numbers of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted; the levels of the involved inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected; the pathological morphologies of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope. Results: After modeling, compared with the normal group, the rats in the model group showed obvious asthma attack-like response, significantly increased inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance (both P<0.01), and significantly reduced pulmonary compliance (P<0.01); thickened tracheal wall and the narrowed tracheal lumen observed under the light microscope; infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased eosinophils in and around the tracheal wall; significantly increased total number of inflammatory cells and proportion of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (all P<0.01); significantly reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ (all P<0.01), and significantly increased levels of IL-4, IL-5 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (all P<0.01) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. After intervention, compared with the model group, rats in the moxibustion and the medication groups showed significantly reduced asthma-like reaction, pathological morphological damage of lung tissue, inspiratory resistance and expiratory resistance (all P<0.01); significantly increased pulmonary compliance (P<0.01); significantly reduced total number of inflammatory cells, proportion of eosinophils, levels of IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while significantly increased IL-12 and IFN-γ levels (all P<0.01) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; rats in the medication group also showed a significantly reduced IL-10 level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the moxibustion and the medication groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Both moxibustion at Feishu (BL 13) and intragastric administration of dexamethasone can improve the asthma attack-like symptoms of ovalbumin-sensitized rats; regulating the inflammatory cell numbers and the inflammatory factor contents in the lung may be one mechanism of moxibustion in treating asthma.

Clinical Application of Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation in Selective General Surgery / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effects of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in selective general surgery.@*METHODS@#Paired study was performed in PABD group with 70 PABD cases screened from selective general surgery during the period from November 2017 to August 2018 in our hospital, and the control group included 70 cases without preoperative autologous blood donation, the baseline data before surgery were not significantly different. The transfusion quantities of allogeneic RBC and plasma, the levels of perioperative hemoglobin and platelets, the time and expense of hospitalization were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#The levels of Hb and Plt in PABD group before and after blood collection were determined as follows: 138.26±14.73 g/L vs 127.52±13.36 g/L (P＜0.05) and (221.67±52.86)×10/L vs (198.35±52.65)×10/L (P＞0.05) respectively. The analysis of allo-RBC and allo-plasma transfusion in PABD group and control group showed that: the quantity of allogeneic RBC transfusion was 0.20±0.71 U and 0.89±0.97 U, and the quantity of allogeneic plasma transfusion was 30.43±100.81 ml and 106.52±152.61 ml (P＜0.05) respectirdy during perioperation. The comparison results of preoperative Hb and plt in PABD group and control group were 135.65±14.16 g/L vs 134.15±11.98 g/L and (270.36±58.28)×10/L vs (271.67±65.02) ×10/L respectively. The levels of postoperative Hb and plt in PABD group and control group were 120.24±14.40 g/L vs 121.20±14.30 g/L at 1 d after operation, and (241.80±63.58)×10/L vs (241.30±69.11)×10/L at 1 d after operation respectively; 123.15±13.80 g/L vs 121.65±14.33 g/L at 3 d after operation and (251.26±72.94)×10/L vs (255.54±73.85)×10/L at 3 d after operation; 122.78±13.92 g/L and 122.00±13.82 g/L (before discharge) and (262.50±80.96)×10/L and (264.56±71.08)×10/L (before discharge, platelet). These data were not statistically different (P＞0.05). The hospitalization time was 14.84±3.37 days and 14.84±2.24 days, respectively, without statistical difference (P＞0.05) in two groups. The expenses of hospitalization and the blood transfusion in two groups were 50627.27±9889.45 RMB and 50979.43±8195.00 RMB; 354.39±362.57 RMB and 684.02±425.53 RMB (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of PABD reduces the use of allogeneic blood and costs for patients undergoing selective surgery with blood losts of 1000 ml.

Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine / 中西医结合学报

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.

Advances in research of novel coronavirus related drugs and biological products / 药学学报

The novel coronavirus pneumonia was first discovered in December 2019. By February 21, 2020, the virus had spread to 27 countries, and the total number of patients were nearly 80 thousands. In order to effectively prevent and control the epidemic, countries around the world are organizing scientific research, especially in screening of therapeutic drugs, researching and developing of vaccine, which is the key point and difficulty of epidemic control. On the basis of a large number of relevantly collected information about drugs and biological products in the academia and the press of various countries, this paper focus on the research status and development of antiviral chemical drugs, Chinese traditional medicines and biological products, aiming to provide reference for relevant departments, units and scientists.

Excretable IR-820 for in vivo NIR-II fluorescence cerebrovascular imaging and photothermal therapy of subcutaneous tumor.

Rationale: Cerebrovascular diseases, together with malignancies, still pose a huge threat to human health nowadays. With the advantages of its high spatial resolution and large penetration depth, fluorescence bioimaging in the second near-infrared spectral region (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) and its related imaging-guided therapy based on biocompatible fluorescence dyes have become a promising theranostics method. Methods: The biocompatibility of IR-820 we used in NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging was verified by long-term observation. The model of the mouse with a cranial window, the mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of bladder tumor were established. NIR-II fluorescence cerebrovascular functional imaging was carried out by IR-820 assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopy. Bladder tumor was treated by NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Results: We have found that IR-820 has considerable NIR-II fluorescence intensity, and shows increased brightness in serum than in water. Herein, we achieved real time and in vivo cerebrovascular functional imaging of mice with high spatial resolution and large penetration depth, based on IR-820 assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopy. In addition, IR-820 was successfully employed for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor in vivo, and the subcutaneous tumors were inhibited obviously or eradicated completely. Conclusion: Due to the considerable fluorescence intensity in NIR-II spectral region and the good photothermal effect, biocompatible and excretable IR-820 holds great potentials for functional angiography and cancer theranostics in clinical practice.

Commonality and pattern analysis of acupoint selection in moxibustion treatment of asthma / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To analyze and summarize the commonalities and patterns in acupoint selection for moxibustion treatment of asthma. Methods: Data retrieval was conducted using ‘moxibustion’ and ‘asthma’ as the keywords through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) and Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP). Excel 2010 was used to establish the major acupoint database for moxibustion prescriptions in treatment of asthma; data mining methods including association patterns and clustering were adopted to analyze the characteristics and patterns in acupoint selection for moxibustion treatment of asthma. Results: A total of 161 moxibustion prescriptions were recruited. The most commonly used acupoint was Feishu (BL 13), the most commonly used meridian was the Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang, and the most commonly treated region was the back. The association rule analysis showed that Feishu (BL 13)-Dazhui (GV 14)-Fengmen (BL 12) had the most significant correlation, and the clustering analysis discovered 5 effective acupoint clusters. Conclusion: In moxibustion treatment of asthma, topical acupoints Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengmen (BL 12) can be selected, along with the acupoints from the Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and the back.

Incorporation of CD40 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of tumor­associated calcium signal transducer 2 virus­like particles against lung cancer.

The cell surface glycoprotein Trop­2 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including in lung cancer, and has recently been used as an effective immunotherapeutic target. CD40 ligand (CD40L), a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member, is a promising immune adjuvant. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag­based virus­like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic, and foreign antigens can be incorporated onto their membrane envelope for cancer vaccine development. In the present study, a HIV gag­based VLP strategy and Bac­to­Bac system were utilized to construct Trop­2, CD40L and gag recombinant baculoviruses, which were then used to infect TN5 cells in order to form Trop­2 VLPs or Trop­2­CD40L VLPs. These VLPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis methods. VLPs incorporating murine Trop­2 only or incorporating Trop­2 and CD40L were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice. Immunized mice demonstrated high humoral and cellular immunity responses, whereas the Trop­2­CD40L VLPs led to higher immune responses in comparison with Trop­2 only VLPs. Immunization with Trop­2­CD40L VLPs also reduced tumor growth more effectively compared with Trop­2 VLPs. Furthermore, Trop­2­CD40L VLP immunization increased the survival rate of Lewis tumor­bearing mice more significantly when compared with Trop­2 only VLPs. In conclusion, the present study provided a novel vaccine design by combination of a tumor antigen and an immune adjuvant based on a VLP strategy, which may be potentially applied as an alternative immunotherapeutic option in the treatment of lung cancer.