RESUMO
AIM: To investigate the mechanism leading to in vivo carbapenem resistance development in Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS: Carbapenemase was detected using the modified carbapenem inactivation method. ß-lactamases resistant genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multiple locus sequence typing. The relationship between sequence typing and resistant genes was analyzed by using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: All ST37 carbapenem-resistant isolates were blaOXA-1 positive and all ST37 carbapenem-sensitive isolates were blaOXA-1 negative at Stage I. A significant relationship between carbapenem resistance and blaOXA-1 was observed. The blaOXA-1 -positive rate was significantly higher in ST37 K. pneumoniae than others. CONCLUSION: This is the first study about the development of carbapenem resistance in vivo potentially mediated by blaOXA-1 in ST37 K. pneumoniae among neonates.
Assuntos
Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/genética , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/enzimologia , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Carbapenêmicos/metabolismo , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , beta-Lactamases/genética , beta-Lactamases/metabolismoRESUMO
To investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an apoptosis-inhibitor would be able to inhibit chemotherapy induced human granulosa cell apoptosis. Cultures of primary granulosa cells were isolated from women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). MTT assay was used to measure the optimum concentration of CTX and S1P acts on human granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were added with pertussis toxin (PTX), the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the signaling pathway of proteins and cell apoptosis. We found that S1P (10 mm) statistically significantly decreased granulosa cell apoptosis after cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment. The decreased cell apoptosis induced by S1P was abolished after treatment with LY294002, PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with S1P can inhibit the CTX-induced granulosa cell apoptosis. The S1P protective effect is mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisofosfolipídeos/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/prevenção & controle , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Lisofosfolipídeos/farmacologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/induzido quimicamente , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Esfingosina/farmacologia , Esfingosina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Glyphosate may have dual effect on bloom algae as a phosphorus source or pesticide. The physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) to glyphosate and its formulation in the common herbicide, Roundup(®), were compared. The result suggested that both the cell numbers and Chl-a content of M. aeruginosa increased when the glyphosate concentration increased from 0.01 to 5mg P L(-1). However, Roundup(®) showed low-dose (below 1mg P L(-1)) stimulation and high-dose (above 1mg P L(-1)) inhibition on M. aeruginosa cell density and Chl-a content (hormesis effect). Phosphate was more available than glyphosate or Roundup(®), and Roundup(®) was more toxic than glyphosate itself at 3mg P L(-1). Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that glyphosate stimulated the photosynthesis process while Roundup(®) inhibited the photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa. The photosynthesis process was enhanced on the 21st day compared with that on the 14th day in all P mediums. The extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) decreased with the increasing glyphosate or Roundup(®) concentration. The change pattern of APA was similar in both the glyphosate and Roundup(®) mediums.