Baicalin, silver titanate, Bletilla striata polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan in a porous sponge dressing for burn wound healing.

OBJECTIVE: This study tests the efficacy of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), baicalin (BA) and silver titanate (ST) in a wound dressings to fight infection, promote healing and provide superior biocompatibility. METHODS: The antibacterial activity of BA and ST was evaluated in vitro using the inhibition zone method. BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared and characterized. The biocompatibility of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The therapeutic effect of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was further investigated using the dorsal skin burn model in Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: The wound dressing had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through BA and ST, while the combination of BSP and CMC played an important role in promoting wound healing. The BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared using a freeze-drying method with the concentrations of BA and ST at 20 and 0.83 mg/mL, respectively, and the optimal ratio of 5% BSP to 4% CMC was 1:3. The average porosity, water absorption and air permeability of BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were measured to be 90.43%, 746.1% and 66.60%, respectively. After treatment for 3 and 7 days, the healing rates of the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group were significantly higher than those of the normal saline (NS) group and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) group (P < 0.05). Interleukin-1ß expression in the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group at 1 and 3 days was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). After being treated for 3 days, vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the BA/BSP/CMC group and BA/ST/BSP/CMC group was significantly higher than that in the NS group and SSD group (P < 0.05). Inspection of histological sections showed that the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group began to develop scabbing and peeling of damaged skin after 3 days of treatment, indicating accelerated healing relative to the NS group and SSD group. CONCLUSION: The optimized concentration of BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing was as follows: 6 mg BSP, 14.4 mg CMC, 0.5 mg ST and 12 mg BA. The BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing, containing antibacterial constituents, was non-cytotoxic and effective in accelerating the healing of burn wounds, making it a promising candidate for wound healing. Please cite this article as: Gong YR, Zhang C, Xiang X, Wang ZB, Wang YQ, Su YH, Zhang HQ. Baicalin, silver titanate, Bletilla striata polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan in a porous sponge dressing for burn wound healing. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 487-495.

Acceptance and attitude towards the traditional chinese medicine among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Shanghai Fangcang hospital.

OBJECTIVE: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought severe damage to global health and socioeconomics. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the most important complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and it has shown a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, it is unknown whether patients are willing to accept TCM treatment. The objective of our study is to investigate the acceptance, attitude, and independent predictors of TCM among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to Shanghai fangcang hospital during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai in 2022. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in the largest fangcang hospital in Shanghai, China, from April 22, 2022, to May 25, 2022. Based on the literature review of previous similar studies, a self-report questionnaire was developed to assess the patients' attitude and acceptance of TCM, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors of TCM acceptance. RESULTS: A total of 1,121 patients completed the survey, of whom 91.35% were willing to accept CAM treatment whereas 8.65% of participants showed no willingness. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients who have received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 2.069, 95%CI: 1.029-4.162, P = 0.041 vs. not received), understood the culture of TCM (OR = 2.293, 95%CI: 1.029-4.162, P = 0.014 vs. not understood), thought the TCM treatment is safe (OR = 2.856, 95%CI: 1.334-6.112, P = 0.007 vs. not thought), thought the TCM treatment is effective (OR = 2.724, 95%CI: 1.249-5.940, P = 0.012 vs. not thought), and those who informed their attending physician if using TCM for treatment (OR = 3.455, 95%CI:1.867-6.392, P < 0.001 vs. not informed) were more likely to accept TCM treatment. However, patients who thought TCM might delay your treatment (OR = 0.256, 95%CI: 0.142-0.462, P < 0.001 not thought) was an independent predictor for unwillingness to accept TCM treatment. CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily investigated the acceptance, attitude, and predictors of intention to receive TCM among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. It is recommended to increase the publicity of TCM, clarify the impact of TCM and communicate with attending doctors that meet the healthcare needs of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.

Unearthing the alleviatory mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in aluminum toxicity in rice.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) improves aluminum (Al) resistance in rice, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, treatment with 30-µM Al significantly inhibited rice root growth and increased the total Al content, apoplastic and cytoplasm Al concentration in the rice roots. However, pretreatment with NaHS (H2S donor) reversed these negative effects. Pretreatment with NaHS significantly increased energy production under Al toxicity conditions, such as by increasing the content of ATP and nonstructural carbohydrates. In addition, NaHS stimulated the AsA-GSH cycle to decrease the peroxidation damage induced by Al toxicity. Pretreatment with NaHS significantly inhibited ethylene emissions in the rice and then inhibited pectin synthesis and increased the pectin methylation degree to reduce cell wall Al deposition. The phytohormones indole-3-acetic and brassinolide were also involved in the alleviation of Al toxicity by H2S. The transcriptome results further confirmed that H2S alleviates Al toxicity by increasing the pathways relating to material and energy metabolism, redox reactions, cell wall components, and signal transduction. These findings improve our understanding of how H2S affects rice responses to Al toxicity, which will facilitate further studies on crop safety.

Ameliorative Effects of Peptides Derived from Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) on Immunomodulatory Function and Gut Microbiota Structure in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice.

The intestinal flora is recognized as a significant contributor to the immune system. In this research, the protective effects of oyster peptides on immune regulation and intestinal microbiota were investigated in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The results showed that oyster peptides restored the indexes of thymus, spleen and liver, stimulated cytokines secretion and promoted the relative mRNA levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10). The mRNA levels of Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1, and Mucin-2 were up-regulated, and the NF-κB signaling pathway was also activated after oyster peptides administration. Furthermore, oyster peptides treatment reduced the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, increased the relative abundance of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Rikenell and the content of short-chain fatty acids, and reversed the composition of intestinal microflora similar to that of normal mice. In conclusion, oyster peptides effectively ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal damage and modified gut microbiota structure in mice, and might be utilized as a beneficial ingredient in functional foods for immune regulation.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Mytilus coruscus Polysaccharide on RAW264.7 Cells and DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice.

Considerable literature has been published on polysaccharides, which play a critical role in regulating the pathogenesis of inflammation and immunity. In this essay, the anti-inflammatory effect of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharide (MP) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice was investigated. The results showed that MP effectively promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, ameliorated the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10), and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. For DSS-induced colitis in mice, MP can improve the clinical symptoms of colitis, inhibit the weight loss of mice, reduce the disease activity index, and have a positive effect on the shortening of the colon caused by DSS, meliorating intestinal barrier integrity and lowering inflammatory cytokines in serum. Moreover, MP makes a notable contribution to the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbial community, and also regulates the structural composition of the intestinal flora. Specifically, mice treated with MP showed a repaired Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and an increased abundance of some probiotics like Anaerotruncus, Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Alistipe, Odoribacter, and Enterorhabdus in colon. These data suggest that the MP could be a promising dietary candidate for enhancing immunity and protecting against ulcerative colitis.

Berberine alleviates palmitic acid­induced podocyte apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species­mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Lipid accumulation in podocytes can lead to the destruction of cellular morphology, in addition to cell dysfunction and apoptosis, which is a key factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from medicinal plants such as Coptis chinensis, which has been reported to have a lipid­lowering effect and prevent CKD progression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of BBR on palmitic acid (PA)­induced podocyte apoptosis and its specific mechanism using an in vitro model. Cell death was measured using the Cell Counting Kit­8 colorimetric assay. Cell apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress­ and apoptosis­related proteins was detected by western blotting or immunofluorescence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by 2',7'­dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence staining. The results of the present study revealed that BBR treatment decreased PA­induced podocyte apoptosis. In addition, 4­phenylbutyric acid significantly reduced PA­induced cell apoptosis and the expression of ER stress­related proteins, which indicated that ER stress was involved in PA­induced podocyte apoptosis. In addition, N­acetylcysteine inhibited PA­induced excessive ROS production, ER stress and cell apoptosis of podocytes. BBR also significantly reduced PA­induced ROS production and ER stress in podocytes. These results suggested that PA mediated podocyte apoptosis through enhancing ER stress and the production of ROS. In conclusion, BBR may protect against PA­induced podocyte apoptosis, and suppression of ROS­dependent ER stress may be the key mechanism underlying the protective effects of BBR.

Polysaccharides from Hemp Seed Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Oxidative Damage via Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway in Mice.

Hemp seed has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and health food in China for centuries. Polysaccharides from hemp seed (HSP) exhibit important properties of intestinal protection, but there are limited data on the specific underlying mechanism. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of HSP on intestinal oxidative damage induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy) in mice. The results showed that pretreatment with HSP significantly increased the average daily gain, thymus index, spleen index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum and ileal homogenate and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ileal homogenate. In addition, the expression levels of SOD, GSH-Px, Nrf2, heme oxidase-1 (HO-1), and quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) mRNA in ileal homogenate were significantly increased. Western blot results showed that HSP significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 protein and downregulated the expression of Keap1 protein in the ileum. Collectively, our findings indicated that HSP had protective effects on intestinal oxidative damage induced by Cy in mice, and its mechanism might be related to the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.

[Effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (, BYHWD) on X-ray evaluation of early callus and level of serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly patients with Colles fracture after manual reduction and splint external fixation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (, BYHWD) on early callus X-ray evaluation and level of serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly patients with Colles fracture after manual reduction and splint external fixation. METHODS: From October 2016 to October 2018, 60 elderly patients with Colles fractures were treated with manual reduction and splint external fixation and were divided into experimental group and control group. There were 30 patients in control group, including 15 males and 15 females; aged from 56 to 75 years old with an average of (67.81±5.41) years old; bone mineral density was (0.82±0.24) g/cm 2; patients were performed lift shoulders, bend and extend elbow joint, stretch five fingers and make a fist at 3 days after operation, 3 times daily for 1 month, 30 min once a time. There were 30 patients in experimental group, including 13 males and 17 females; aged from 57 to 77 years old with an average of (66.02±5.16) years old; bone mineral density was (0.76±0.23) g/cm2; patients performed rehabilitation exercise as control group and combined with BYHWD, 400 ml per dose, 2 times daily, 7 days as one course, totally 4 courses. RUSS scores at 14 and 28 days after reduction between two groups were compared, serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum calcium concentration were observed at immediately, 14 and 28 days after reduction. RESULTS: The patients between two groups were successfully fixed without re fractures and complications occurred. The patients were followed up for 30 to 35 days with an average of (31.60±1.03) days. RUSS score in experimental group at 14 and 28 days after reduction were 4.58±0.31 and 7.07±0.36, respectively; while in control group were 3.98±0.30 and 6.15±0.35, respectively; RUSS score in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations in experimental group at immediately, 14 and 28 days after reduction were (90.62±12.19) mmol/L ,(105.40±11.63) mmol/L, and (160.86±35.77) mmol/L respectively; while in controlgroup were (91.27±13.52) mmol/L ,(94.60±11.10) mmol/L ,(144.17±26.27) mmol/L respectively; there was no statistically difference between two groups at immediately; and had statistically differences between two groups at 14 and 28 days after reduction. There was no significant difference in serum calcium concentration between two groups at immediately, 14 and 28 days after reduction. CONCLUSION: BYHWD for elderly patients with Colles fracture could promote early formation of callus, effectively increase concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase and promote fracture healing.

Protective effect of seleno-amino-oligosaccharide on oxidative damage of IPEC-1 cells by activating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

The aim of the study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of seleno-amino-oligosaccharide (Se-AOS) on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1). MTT assay showed that Se-AOS had no effect on the viability of IPEC-1 cells up to a concentration of 9200 µg/L and Se-AOS significantly increased the viability of IPEC-1 cells compared to cells exposed to H2O2 alone. Se-AOS significantly increased the level of superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and decreased the levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in IPEC-1 cells. The gene expression levels of different antioxidant enzymes dramatically increased by the pretreatment of Se-AOS compared to H2O2 treatment. In addition, the results indicated that Se-AOS up-regulated the intracellular Nrf2 and down-regulated the level of Keap1 by western blot. Taken together, these findings suggested that Se-AOS can protect IPEC-1 cells from oxidative damage through activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Low Molecular Seleno-Aminopolysaccharides Protect the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier of Rats under Weaning Stress.

Low molecular seleno-aminopolysaccharide (LSA) was synthesized with sodium selenite and low molecular aminopolysaccharide (LA), which is an organic selenium compound. This study is aimed to investigate the protective effect of LSA on the intestinal mucosal barrier in weaning stress rats by detecting the intestinal tissue morphology and function, mucosal thickness and permeability, the structure of MUC2, antioxidant index, the expression level of intracellular transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its related factors. The results showed that LSA significantly increased the height of intestinal villi (p < 0.05) and increased the thickness of intestinal mucosa and the number of goblet cells, which indicated that LSA has a protective effect on the intestinal mucosal barrier that is damaged by weaning. Moreover, LSA significantly reduced the level of DAO, D-LA, and LPS compared with the weaning group (p < 0.05), which indicated that LSA reduced the intestinal damage and permeability of weaning rats. In addition, LSA could increase the number and length of glycans chains and the abundance of acid glycans structures in the MUC2 structure, which indicated that LSA alleviated the changes of intestinal mucus protein structure. LSA significantly increased the levels of GSH-Px, SOD, LDH, and CAT, while it decreased the level of MDA in serum and intestinal tissue, which suggested that LSA significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress of weaning rats. RT-PCR results showed that LSA significantly increased the expression level of antioxidant genes (GSH-Px, SOD, Nrf2, HO-1), glycosyltransferase genes (GalNT1, GalNT3, GalNT7) and mucin gene (MUC2) in intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05). The results of western blot showed that the LSA activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of Keap1and up-regulating the expression of Nrf2, and protected the intestinal mucosa from oxidative stress. Overall, LSA could play a protective role in intestinal mucosal barrier of weaning rats by activating the Nrf2 pathway and alleviating the alnormal change of mucin MUC2.

Fast-track multidisciplinary treatment versus conventional treatment for colorectal cancer: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery, fast-track perioperative treatment and XELOX chemotherapy are effective strategies for shortening the duration of hospital stay for cancer patients. This trial aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of the fast-track multidisciplinary treatment (FTMDT) model compared to conventional surgery combined with chemotherapy in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: This trial was a prospective randomized controlled study with a 2 × 2 balanced factorial design and was conducted at six hospitals. Patients in group 1 (FTMDT) received fast-track perioperative treatment and XELOX adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients in group 2 (conventional treatment) received conventional perioperative treatment and mFOLFOX6 adjuvant chemotherapy. Subgroups 1a and 2a had laparoscopic surgery and subgroups 1b and 2b had open surgery. The primary endpoint was total length of hospital stay during treatment. RESULTS: A total of 374 patients were randomly assigned to the four subgroups, and 342 patients were finally analyzed, including 87 patients in subgroup 1a, 85 in subgroup 1b, 86 in subgroup 2a, and 84 in subgroup 2b. The total hospital stay of group 1 was shorter than that of group 2 [13 days, (IQR, 11-17 days) vs. 23.5 days (IQR, 15-42 days), P = 0.0001]. Compared to group 2, group 1 had lower surgical costs, fewer in-hospital complications and faster recovery (all P < 0.05). Subgroup 1a showed faster surgical recovery than that of subgroup 1b (all P < 0.05). There was no difference in 5-year overall survival between groups 1 and 2 [87.1% (95% CI, 80.7-91.5%) vs. 87.1% (95% CI, 80.8-91.4%), P = 0.7420]. CONCLUSIONS: The FTMDT model, which integrates laparoscopic surgery, fast-track treatment, and XELOX chemotherapy, was the superior model for enhancing the recovery of Chinese patients with colorectal cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01080547 , registered on March 4, 2010.

Protective Effect of Low Molecular Weight Seleno-Aminopolysaccharide on the Intestinal Mucosal Oxidative Damage.

Low molecular weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide (LSA) is an organic selenium compound comprising selenium and low molecular weight aminopolysaccharide (LA), a low molecular weight natural linear polysaccharide derived from chitosan. LSA has been found to exert strong pharmacological activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of LSA on intestinal mucosal oxidative stress in a weaning piglet model by detecting the growth performance, intestinal mucosal structure, antioxidant indices, and expression level of intracellular transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related factors. Our results indicated that LSA significantly increased the average daily gain and feed/gain (p < 0.05), suggesting that LSA can effectively promote the growth of weaning piglets. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopy showed that LSA effectively reduced intestinal damage, indicating that LSA improved the intestinal stress response and protected the intestinal structure integrity. In addition, diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels remarkably decreased in LSA group compared with control group (p < 0.05), suggesting that LSA alleviated the damage and permeability of weaning piglets. LSA significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that LSA significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress in weaning piglets. RT-PCR results showed that LSA significantly increased GSH-Px1, GSH-Px2, SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 gene expression (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that LSA activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of Keap1 and upregulating the expression of Nrf2 to protect intestinal mucosa against oxidative stress. Collectively, LSA reduced intestinal mucosal damage induced by oxidative stress via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in weaning stress of infants.

Immunomodulatory effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide on immunosuppressive mice.

Low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides (LSA) have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities in vitro. In the present study, we further investigated the immunomodulatory effect of LSA on immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) and its molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that LSA could significantly increase spleen and thymus indices, proliferation of splenic lymphocyte, the secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) of serum and ileum, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content of small intestine. LSA dramatically improved the gene expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ in small intestine by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, our data indicated that LSA could significantly increase the gene expression levels of IL-1ß and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. LSA was further shown to remarkably promote inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation with western blot analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that LSA has immunomodulatory activity on immunosuppressive mice and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and its mechanism may be related to activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Protective effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides against H2O2-induecd oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells.

Organoselemium compounds possess strong antioxidant activity as well as protecting cells from DNA damage, mitochondrial injury, lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and cell death. Herein, we used an in vitro oxidative model to further investigate the antioxidant effects of a novel organoselemium compound, low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides (LSA) in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1), and the molecular mechanisms of these effects. Analysis by MTT assay showed that LSA could significantly increase the viability of IPEC-1 cells compared to cells exposed to H2O2. We found that the levels of different antioxidant enzymes could dramatically increase in LSA pretreatment group compared to H2O2 treatment group. Furthermore, LSA significantly increased the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes in IPEC-1 cells, as measured by qRT-PCR. In addition, LSA up-regulated the expression level of intracellular transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibited the level of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) with western blot analysis. Collectively, the present study suggested that LSA has the protective effect of IPEC-1 cells against H2O2-induecd oxidative stress, and its mechanism may be related to activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells.

Immunomodulatory effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides in intestinal epithelial cells.

Seleno-polysaccharides possess a variety of biological activities. In the present study, we further investigated the immunomodulatory effects of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides (LSA) in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1), and the molecular mechanisms of these effects. Analysis by ELISAs revealed that LSA could significantly increase the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin- 10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, LSA dramatically increased the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and iNOS in IPEC-1 cells, as determined by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis further determined that LSA promotes inhibitor kappa B α (IĸBα), nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings suggested that LSA has immunomodulatory activity on IPEC-1 cells, and its mechanism may be related to activation of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway.

[Application value of 3T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing tumors of bone and soft tissue].

OBJECTIVE: To study benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3 Tesla MR scanner and assess the value of 1H-MRS in diagnosing bone and soft tissue tumors and distinguishing benign from malignant tumors. METHODS; Totally 49 patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed bone and soft tissue tumors were enrolled in this study. 1H-MRS was performed before treatment with point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. The imaging characteristics of 1H-MRS for bone and soft tissue tumors were observed and the possible differences between benign and malignant tumors was compared. Since spectra were directly found under single-voxel proton MRS brain examination, the peak height of choline containing compounds (Cho) opposite to the creatine (Cr) and the Cho peak were observed, and then the malignancies of the tumors were judged. Cho/Cr value was calculated and used to distinguishing benign tumors from malignancies. RESULTS: 1H-MRS spectra of bone and soft tissue tumors were different from those of the normal muscles, and such difference also existed between benign and malignant tumors. The Cho peak disappeared or was extremely low among benign tumors. The Cho/Cr values of malignant tumors and benign tumors were 3.13 +/- 0.9 and 1.34 +/- 1.02, respectively (P = 0.02). Using 1.79 as the threshold value, the Cho/Cr value had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94%, 80%, and 90%, respectively, in diagnosing malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: The increased Cho level, as measured by 1H-MRS, is related with the bone and soft tissue malignant tumor. Cho/Cr value is useful in distinguishing benign tumors from malignancies. 1H-MRS can be an important supplement to the conventional magnetic resonance imaging.

Application value of 3T 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing tumors of bone and soft tissue / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3 Tesla MR scanner and assess the value of 1H-MRS in diagnosing bone and soft tissue tumors and distinguishing benign from malignant tumors. METHODS; Totally 49 patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed bone and soft tissue tumors were enrolled in this study. 1H-MRS was performed before treatment with point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. The imaging characteristics of 1H-MRS for bone and soft tissue tumors were observed and the possible differences between benign and malignant tumors was compared. Since spectra were directly found under single-voxel proton MRS brain examination, the peak height of choline containing compounds (Cho) opposite to the creatine (Cr) and the Cho peak were observed, and then the malignancies of the tumors were judged. Cho/Cr value was calculated and used to distinguishing benign tumors from malignancies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1H-MRS spectra of bone and soft tissue tumors were different from those of the normal muscles, and such difference also existed between benign and malignant tumors. The Cho peak disappeared or was extremely low among benign tumors. The Cho/Cr values of malignant tumors and benign tumors were 3.13 +/- 0.9 and 1.34 +/- 1.02, respectively (P = 0.02). Using 1.79 as the threshold value, the Cho/Cr value had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 94%, 80%, and 90%, respectively, in diagnosing malignancies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The increased Cho level, as measured by 1H-MRS, is related with the bone and soft tissue malignant tumor. Cho/Cr value is useful in distinguishing benign tumors from malignancies. 1H-MRS can be an important supplement to the conventional magnetic resonance imaging.</p>

[Changes of 3-tesla 31P-MR spectroscopy of bone and soft tissue tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristic changes of 31P-MR spectroscopy of bone and soft tissue tumors. METHODS: 41 patients were examined by phosphorus surface coil of 3 tesla MR machine, including 18 benign tumor foci and 28 malignant foci, and adjacent normal muscles. The areas under the peaks of various metabolites in the spectra were measured, including phosphomonoester (PME), inorganic phosphours (Pi), phosphodiester (PDE), phosphocreatine (Pcr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gamma, alpha, beta. The ratios of the metabolites to beta-ATP, NTP and Pcr were calculated. Intracellular pH was calculated according to the chemical shift change of Pi relative to Pcr. RESULTS: The ratios of Pcr/PME and PME/NTP in benign and malignant tumor groups were significantly different from those of the normal group (P<0.05). Between benign and malignant tumor groups, the ratios of PME/beta-ATP and PME/NTP were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Pcr/PME and PME/NTP are potential diagnostic indexes of bone and soft tissue tumors. PME/beta-ATP and PME/NTP are potential indexes of differential diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors.

Changes of 3-tesla 31P-MR spectroscopy of bone and soft tissue tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristic changes of 31P-MR spectroscopy of bone and soft tissue tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>41 patients were examined by phosphorus surface coil of 3 tesla MR machine, including 18 benign tumor foci and 28 malignant foci, and adjacent normal muscles. The areas under the peaks of various metabolites in the spectra were measured, including phosphomonoester (PME), inorganic phosphours (Pi), phosphodiester (PDE), phosphocreatine (Pcr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gamma, alpha, beta. The ratios of the metabolites to beta-ATP, NTP and Pcr were calculated. Intracellular pH was calculated according to the chemical shift change of Pi relative to Pcr.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratios of Pcr/PME and PME/NTP in benign and malignant tumor groups were significantly different from those of the normal group (P<0.05). Between benign and malignant tumor groups, the ratios of PME/beta-ATP and PME/NTP were significantly different (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pcr/PME and PME/NTP are potential diagnostic indexes of bone and soft tissue tumors. PME/beta-ATP and PME/NTP are potential indexes of differential diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors.</p>

Increased metabolite concentration in migraine rat model by proton MR spectroscopy in vivo and ex vivo.

PURPOSE: To investigate brain metabolite change in rat migraine model by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in vivo and ex vivo. METHODS: 18 Adult SD rats were enrolled in the study. After nitroglycerin administration, the migraine rat model was established according to ethology evaluation. 1H-MRS was performed at 3T MR scanner in vivo and 14.7T Bruker MR spectrometer ex vivo. Area of peak for different metabolite material was obtained and compared by using independent-T test. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: In thalami of experimental group, areas of peak for Cho, Cr and Glu both in vivo and ex vivo were higher than in control group(p<0.05). In contrast, there was no statistical difference in cerebellum. CONCLUSION: The elevated Cho and Cr spectral pattern were found in rat migraine model. Neuron activity in thalamus is significantly changeable during attacks.