Heritability of tea drinking and its relationship with cigarette smoking in the Chinese male adult twins.

The aims of this study are to estimate the contributions of genetic factors to the variation of tea drinking and cigarette smoking, to examine the roles of genetic factors in their correlation and further to investigate underlying causation between them. We included 11 625 male twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Bivariate genetic modelling was fitted to explore the genetic influences on tea drinking, cigarette smoking and their correlation. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was further used to explore the causal relationship between them. We found that genetic factors explained 17% and 23% of the variation in tea drinking and cigarette smoking, respectively. A low phenotypic association between them was reported (rph = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.19, 0.24]), which was partly attributed to common genetic factors (rA = 0.45, 95% CI [0.19, 1.00]). In the ICE FALCON analysis with current smoking as the exposure, tea drinking was associated with his own (ßself = 0.39, 95% CI [0.23, 0.55]) and his co-twin's smoking status (ßco-twin = 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.41]). Their association attenuated with borderline significance conditioning on his own smoking status (p = 0.045), indicating a suggestive causal effect of smoking status on tea drinking. On the contrary, when we used tea drinking as the predictor, we found familial confounding between them only. In conclusion, both tea drinking and cigarette smoking were influenced by genetic factors, and their correlation was partly explained by common genetic factors. In addition, our finding suggests that familial confounders account for the relationship between tea drinking and cigarette smoking. And current smoking might have a causal effect on weekly tea drinking, but not vice versa.

Expression of IL-10 and CXCR7 in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues and their correlation with invasion and metastasis / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and their correlation with invasion and metastasis.Methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 cases of cancer tissues (cancer tissue group) and para-cancer tissues (para-cancer tissue group) collected from PTC patients in Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jun. 2015 to Jun. 2018 were selected. Meanwhile, pathological specimens from 32 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma patients (thyroid follicular adenoma group) undergoing thyroidectomy during the same period were also enrolled. Immunohistochemical SP staining was used to observe the expression of IL-10 and CXCR7 in different tissues, and the correlation between the expression of IL-10 and CXCR7 and the pathological characteristics of tumor was analyzed.Results:The positive expression rates of IL-10 and CXCR7 in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in para-cancer tissues and thyroid follicular adenoma group (88.24% vs. 14.71% vs. 0.00%, 75.00% vs. 32.35% vs. 15.63%; P<0.05) . Among 68 PCT patients, 38 (55.88%) had high expression of IL-10, 30 (44.12%) had low expression of IL-10, 32 (47.06%) had high expression of CXCR7, and 36 (52.94%) had low expression of CXCR7. IL-10 expression was positively correlated with tumor multifocal, TNM stage, central lymphatic metastasis, central + cervical lymphatic metastasis, invasion degree and tumor maximum diameter ( r=0.486, 0.509, 0.468, 0.422, 0.629, 0.674, P<0.05) . CXCR7 expression was positively correlated with tumor multifocal, TNM staging, central lymphatic metastasis, central + cervical lymphatic metastasis, and infiltration (r=0.425, 0.563, 0.490, 0.287, 0.481, P<0.05) . Conclusions:IL-10 and CXCR7 are highly expressed in cancer tissues of PTC patients, among which IL-10 expression level is closely related to tumor differentiation degree, TNM stage, cervical lymphatic metastasis, infiltration degree and tumor maximum diameter. CXCR7 is related to TNM stage, cervical lymphatic metastasis and infiltration degree, both of which may be involved in the occurrence and development of tumor.