Lipidomics reveals the lipid metabolism disorders in Fructus Psoraleae-induced hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome.

Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the important traditional Chinese medicines, is widely used in clinic and has been reported to be hepatotoxic. However, there is no report on the mechanism of FP-induced hepatotoxicity based on the theory of You Gu Wu Yun. In this study, plasma samples of rats with different kidney deficiency syndromes were investigated using a lipidomics approach based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS technique. Firstly, multivariate statistical analysis, VIP value test, statistical test and other methods were used to find the lipid metabolites in the two syndrome model groups that were different from the normal group. The screening of differential lipid metabolites revealed that there were 12 biomarkers between the blank group and the kidney-yang deficiency model group as well as 16 differential metabolites between the kidney-yin deficiency model group, and finally a total of 17 relevant endogenous metabolites were identified, which could be used as differential lipid metabolites to distinguish between kidney-yin deficiency and kidney-yang deficiency evidence. Secondly, the relative content changes of metabolites in rats after administration of FP decoction were further compared to find the substances associated with toxicity after administration, and the diagnostic ability of the identified biomarkers was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results a total of 14 potential differential lipid metabolites, including LysoPC(20:0/0:0) and LysoPC(16:0/0:0), which may be related to hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome were further screened, namely, the potential active lipid metabolites related to hepatotoxicity in rats induced by FP. Finally, cluster analysis, MetPA analysis and KEGG database were used to analyze metabolic pathways. It was discovered that the metabolism of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid may be strongly related to the mechanism of hepatotoxicity brought on by FP. Overall, we described the lipidomics changes in rats treated with FP decoction and screened out 14 lipid metabolites related to hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency, which served as a foundation for the theory of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" in traditional Chinese medicine and a guide for further investigation into the subsequent mechanism.

Effects of Umbilical Cord Milking on Anemia in Preterm Infants: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether umbilical cord milking (UCM) prevents and controls anemia in preterm infants, as compared with immediate cord clamping (ICC). STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women delivering at <34 weeks' gestation in four hospitals were randomly assigned to undergo UCM or ICC from July 2017 to June 2019. Hematological parameters and iron status were collected and analyzed as primary outcomes at 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 months after delivery. RESULTS: Neonates receiving UCM had significant higher levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and serum iron (p < 0.05). Lower prevalence of anemia and lower need for transfusions were noted in UCM group. Although UCM was associated with prolonged duration of phototherapy, the maximum levels of bilirubin were similar between two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: UCM is an effective intervention to help preterm infants experience less anemia with the potential to increase blood volume, as seen by higher Hb levels and more enhanced iron stores.

The effects of different lipid emulsions on the lipid profile, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant capacity of preterm infants: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Olive oil (OO), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)/long-chain triglycerides (LCT) mixture and soybean oil (SO) lipid emulsions are currently used for preterm infants in China. The aim of our study was to compare the lipid profile, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant capacity of preterm infants administered OO, MCT/LCT, or SO lipid emulsions. METHODS: In this study, 156 preterm infants (birth weight < 2000 g and gestational age < 37 weeks) received parenteral nutrition (PN) containing OO, MCT/LCT, or SO lipid emulsions for a minimum of 14 d. On days 0, 7, and 14, the lipid profile, fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity were analyzed. RESULTS: On day 7, HDL levels in the MCT/LCT group were significantly lower than in the OO (1.06 ± 0.40 mmol/L) or SO groups. LDL levels were higher in the OO group than in the MCT/LCT or SO groups on day 7. A-I/B was higher in MCT/LCT than in OO or SO groups. Myristic acid (C14:0) levels on days 7 and 14 increased in MCT/LCT compared to the OO and SO groups. The OO group had higher oleic acid (C18:1n9) levels than the two other groups. Linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) were significantly lower in the OO group than in MCT/LCT or SO groups. Monounsaturated fatty acid levels decreased, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acids levels increased in MCT/LCT and SO groups. No significant differences were obtained in SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, and T-AOC among the groups. CONCLUSION: The three lipid emulsions were safe and well tolerated in preterm infants. Oleic acid (C18:1n9) levels increased and LA (C18:2n6), ALA (C18:3n3), and EPA (C20:5n23) levels decreased in OO compared to MCT/LCT or SO. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01683162, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/.

[Determination of forsythiaside B and poliumoside in different origin and parts from Callicarpa kwangtungensis].

The RP-HPLC method was used to determinate the contents of forsythiaside B and poliumoside in different origin and parts from Callicarpa kwangtungensis. The linear ranges of forsythiaside B and poliumoside were 0. 106-3. 18 and 0. 105 2-3. 156 microg, respectively. The average recoveries of forythiaside B and poliumoside were 99. 01% ( RSD 1. 2%) and 100. 13% (RSD 0. 90% ), respectively. The contents of forsythiaside B and poliumoside were changed in different origin and parts from C. kwangtungensis. The sample from the area of Luxi, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province has the highest contents of forsythiaside B and poliumoside. The contents of forsythiaside B and poliumoside in different parts from C. kwangtungensis in Luxi are: leaf > stem > fruit. This result will provide a scientific basis for quality control and reasonable utilzation of C. kwangtungensis.

[Study of the influence of scan number on near-infrared diffuse spectra of tomato leaf and model precision].

Near-infrared spectroscopy technique is non-destructive, simple, fast, highly efficient, cheap to implement, and very recurrent with no sample preparation, and has been a rapid and non-destructive modem qualitative and quantitative technique that has been widely used in many fields. As a powerful analytical tool in product quality determination, this technology is based on the measurement of vibration frequencies of chemical bonds in functional group such as C-C, C-H, O-H, C=O and N-H upon absorption of radiation. However, NIR spectra are affected by the status of spectrometer and the set of parameters when scanning, such as accuracy of wavelength, resolution of apparatus, noise, scan time and uniformity of sample size. To provide foundation with optimum test condition when modeling, the influence of scan number on NIR diffuse spectra of tomato leaf and chlorophyll prediction model precision was studied. 102 tomato leaf samples were used in this experiment. Partial least-squares (PLS) was used to develop models and evaluate and compare these models. The results show that scan number does have effect on NIR spectra and prediction models. Variance value of root mean square (RMS) noise of NIR spectra diminished gradually with the increment of scan number. The spectral quality with high scan number was high, however, the system error of instrument increased too. The spectral quality with low scan number was low, while the spectra were smooth and system error of instrument decreased too. The determination coefficient of chlorophyll calibration and prediction model was highest with 128 scan number, however, the model was not robust. But with 32 scan number, although the coefficient was low, the calibration and prediction model was robust and only a short test time was needed. At the same time, the difference of models to predict chlorophyll contents with different scan numbers was not distinct (alpha = 0.05). Different influence factors should be considered when modeling.

[Application of NIR quantitative analysis to nondestructive detection of loquat soluble solid content].

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the potential of NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a way for nondestructive measurement of loquat soluble solid content of three varieties harvested from two orchards. According to the analysis, it was shown that the correlation coefficient of curves was relatively high in the two regions of 1400-1500 nm and 1900- 2000 nm. Statistical models were developed using partial least square regression (PLSR), stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and principal component regression (PCR) methods in the full spectral region from 800 to 2500 nm and in the combined region of 1400-1500 nm and 1900-2000 nm. The results of PLSR model in the full spectral region were better than those of other models. The modeling results based on derivative spectra were not as good as those based on original spectra. Finally, a model was established based on the original spectra with 17 points smoothing for all the three varieties in the full spectral region by PLSR method. The correlation coefficients of calibration and validation were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. The results indicate that it is feasible to use NIR spectroscopy technique for quantitative analysis of loquat soluble solid content.