RESUMO
Juglonols A-C (1-3), three new juglone derivatives possessing a hydroxyethyl side chain, were isolated from an organic extract of the immature exocarps of Juglans mandshurica together with five known tetralones (4-8). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The new juglone derivatives exhibited inhibitory activities towards a panel of bacteria and fungi, as well as cancer cell lines. In contrast, the known tetralone homologues (4-8) appeared to be much less efficacy.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Juglans/química , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Naftoquinonas/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Análise Espectral/métodos , Tetralonas/isolamento & purificação , Tetralonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a well-known decoction in traditional Chinese medicine. Although studies have indicated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of SNS and its components can account for their therapeutic effects, the role and mechanism of SNS in treating skin dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a disorder known for its prevalence in infants and adults, severely influences the quality of life of affected patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immune response modulations of SNS in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dermatitis was induced in Kunming mice by the topical application of DNCB. SNS or dexamethasone (positive control) was topically applied every day over the course of the 21-day study. The following were assessed: dermatitis severity scores; ear and dorsal skin haematoxylin and eosin staining; interleukin (IL)-â¯1α, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine levels in the serum; spleen index; spleen CD4â¯+â¯/CD8â¯+â¯T lymphocyte ratio; and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs- p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)), IκB-α, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) in skin lesions. RESULTS: SNS significantly alleviated the symptoms of AD-like lesions induced by DNCB, decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ear and dorsal tissues, suppressed the increased cytokine levels in the serum, reduced the CD4â¯+â¯/CD8â¯+T lymphocyte ratio in the spleen, and downregulated the activation of MAPKs, IκB-α, and NF-κB (p65) in the dorsal skin. The effects were similar to those of dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS: SNS alleviated the DNCB-induced AD-like skin dysfunction in mice through anti-inflammatory and immune system modulation, indicating that SNS shows potential for AD treatment in clinical settings.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Relação CD4-CD8 , Citocinas/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Dinitroclorobenzeno , Masculino , Camundongos , Fitoterapia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/imunologia , Pele/patologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
Six new cyanoglucosides, 2S-cardiospermin-5-benzoate (1), 2R-cardiospermin-5-p-hydroxybenzoate (2), 2S-cardiospermin-5-cis-p-coumarate (3), isocardiospermin-5-p-hydroxybenzoate (4), sutherlandin-5-p-hydroxybenzoate (5), and sutherlandin-5-cis-p-coumarate (6), together with 17 known compounds were isolated from Sorbaria sorbifolia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and ECD experiments. The biosynthetic relationship of 1-9 was also discussed. The cyanoglucosides (1-9) and 15 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).