Prevention of Periprosthetic Infection After Orthopedic Knee Replacement Based on 5E Rehabilitation Nursing Model.

Context: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a rare but highly destructive complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Nursing plays an important role in preventing postoperative infections in patients, but different nursing modes have different rates of postoperative infections. Objective: The study intended to explore the effects of "encouragement, education, exercise, employment, and evaluation" (5E) rehabilitation nursing on the prevention of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after TKA. Design: The research team conducted a randomized controlled trial. Setting: The study took place at the First People's Hospital of Huzhou in Huzhou, China. Participants: Participants were 80 TKA postoperative patients at the hospital between January 2023 and July 2023. Interventions: The research randomly divided participants into two groups: (1) the intervention group, the 5E group, with 40 participants and (2) the control group, with 40 participants. The control group received routine nursing, while the 5E group received 5E rehabilitation nursing. Outcome Measures: The research team examined: (1) the prosthesis' location; (2) wound healing; (3) score for knee joint function, using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Hospital Score for Special Surgery (HSS) of the knee joint; (4) postoperative level of inflammatory factors, using levels of C-reactive protein (CRP); (5) infection occurrence; (6) length of hospital stay; and (7) nursing satisfaction. Results: The prosthesis was well positioned in both groups. Compared to the control group, the 5E group's: (1) wound healing was significantly better (P < .001); (2) at 7 days after surgery, HSS score (P < .001) and BBS score (P < .001) were significantly higher; (3) C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly lower (P < .001); (4) at 90 days after surgery, incidence of postoperative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) was significantly lower (P < .001); (5) length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (P = .0013); and (7) nursing satisfaction was significantly higher (P = .0338). Conclusions: The 5E rehabilitation nursing for patients after TKA was helpful in promoting wound recovery, supporting the recovery of knee-joint function, reducing the incidence of PJIs, shortening the length of hospital stay, and improving patients' nursing satisfaction.

Grass-specific ABERRANT MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT 1 is required for maintaining pollen fertility in rice.

Pollen development includes a series of biological events that require precise gene regulation. Although several transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to play roles in maintaining pollen fertility, the major regulatory networks underlying tapetum development and pollen wall formation are largely unknown. Herein, we report that ABERRANT MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT1 (AMD1), a protein annotated previously as unknown protein, is required for tapetum development and pollen exine patterning in rice (Oryza sativa L.). AMD1 encodes a grass-specific protein exhibiting transactivation activity in the nucleus and is spatiotemporally expressed in the tapetum and microspores during pollen development. Further biochemical assays indicate that AMD1 directly activates the transcription of DEFECTIVE POLLEN WALL (DPW) and POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE2 (OsPKS2), which are both implicated in sporopollenin biosynthesis during exine formation. Additionally, AMD1 directly interacts with TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION (TDR), a key TF involved in the regulation of tapetum degradation and exine formation. Taken together, we demonstrate that AMD1 is an important regulatory component involved in the TDR-mediated regulatory pathway to regulate sporopollenin biosynthesis, tapetum degradation, and exine formation for pollen development. Our work provides insights into the regulatory network of rice sexual reproduction and a useful target for genetic engineering of new male-sterile lines for hybrid rice breeding.

SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 is required for tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation in rice.

The pollen wall is important for protecting the male gametophyte and for fertilization. The lipid components of the pollen wall are mainly synthesized and transported from the sporophytic tapetum. Although several factors related to lipid biosynthesis have been characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid biosynthesis during pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain elusive. Here, we showed that mutation in the SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 (STS1) gene causes delayed tapetum degradation and aborted pollen wall formation in rice. STS1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that contains domain of unknown function (DUF) 726 and exhibits lipase activity. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that STS1 is involved in anther lipid homeostasis. Moreover, STS1 interacts with Polyketide Synthase 2 (OsPKS2) and Acyl-CoA Synthetase 12 (OsACOS12), two enzymes crucial in lipidic sporopollenin biosynthesis in pollen wall formation, suggesting a potentially lipidic metabolon for sporopollenin biosynthesis in rice. Collectively, our results indicate that STS1 is an important factor for lipid biosynthesis in reproduction, providing a target for the artificial control of male fertility in hybrid rice breeding and insight into the function of DUF726-containing protein in plants.

Secretory lipid transfer protein OsLTPL94 acts as a target of EAT1 and is required for rice pollen wall development.

The plant pollen wall protects the male gametophyte from various biotic and abiotic stresses. The formation of a unique pollen wall structure and elaborate exine pattern is a well-organized process, which needs coordination between reproductive cells and the neighboring somatic cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we report a rice male-sterile mutant (l94) that exhibits defective pollen exine patterning and abnormal tapetal cell development. MutMap and knockout analyses demonstrated that the causal gene encodes a type-G non-specific lipid transfer protein (OsLTPL94). Histological and cellular analyses established that OsLTPL94 is strongly expressed in the developing microspores and tapetal cells, and its protein is secreted to the plasma membrane. The l94 mutation impeded the secretory ability of OsLTPL94 protein. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations supported the hypothesis that ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 (EAT1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), activated OsLTPL94 expression through direct binding to the E-box motif of the OsLTPL94 promoter, which was supported by the positive correlation between the expression of EAT1 and OsLTPL94 in two independent eat1 mutants. Our findings suggest that the secretory OsLTPL94 plays a key role in the coordinated development of tapetum and microspores with the regulation of EAT1.