High oil content inhibits humification in food waste composting by affecting microbial community succession and organic matter degradation.

Composting is an effective technology to realize resource utilization of food waste in rural China. However, high oil content in food waste limits composting humification. This study investigated the effects of blended plant oil addition at different proportions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) on the humification of food waste composting. Oil addition at 10%-20% enhanced lignocellulose degradation by 16.6%-20.8% and promoted humus formation. In contrast, the high proportion of oil (30%) decreased the pH, increased the electrical conductivity, and reduced the seed germination index to 64.9%. High-throughput sequencing showed that high oil inhibited the growth and reproduction of bacteria (Bacillus, Fodinicurvataceae, and Methylococcaceae) and fungi (Aspergillus), attenuated their interaction, thus, reducing the conversion of organic matter, such as lignocellulose, fat, and total sugar, to humus, consequently leading to negative impacts on composting humification. The results can guide composting parameter optimization and improve effective management of rural food waste.

Neutrophils: As a Key Bridge between Inflammation and Thrombosis.

Immunothrombosis is a mechanism of defense of the organism against pathogenic microorganisms that increases their recognition, limitation, and clearance and is part of the innate immune defense. Physiological immunothrombosis is beneficial to the body against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, but when immunothrombosis is out of control, it is easy to cause thrombotic diseases, thus, causing unpredictable consequences to the body. Neutrophils play a pivotal role in this process. Understanding the mechanism of neutrophils in immune thrombosis and out-of-control is particularly important for the treatment of related thrombotic diseases. In this review, we studied the role of neutrophils in immune thrombosis and each link out of control (including endothelial cell dysfunction; activation of platelets; activation of coagulation factor; inhibition of the anticoagulation system; and inhibition of the fibrinolysis system).