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1.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther ; 40(5): 309-324, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38603587

RESUMO

Purpose: Glaucoma is a complex degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to irreversible vision loss and blindness. Solanum nigrum has been used for decades in traditional medicine system. However, no extensive studies were reported on its antiglaucoma properties. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of S. nigrum extract on RGC against glaucoma rat model. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the phytochemical profile of aqueous extract of S. nigrum (AESN). In vitro, {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} (MTT) and H2DCFDA assays were used to determine cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea cells. In vivo, AESN was orally administered to carbomer-induced rats for 4 weeks. Intraocular pressure, antioxidant levels, and electrolytes were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the neurodegeneration of RGC. Results: MTT assay showed AESN exhibited greater cell viability and minimal ROS production at 10 µg/mL. Slit lamp and funduscopy confirmed glaucomatous changes in carbomer-induced rats. Administration of AESN showed minimal peripheral corneal vascularization and restored histopathological alterations such as minimal loss of corneal epithelium and moderate narrowing of the iridocorneal angle. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed increased expression of positive BRN3A cells and decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in retina and cornea, whereas western blot analysis revealed downregulation of extracellular matrix proteins (COL-1 and MMP-9) in AESN-treated rats compared with the diseased group rats. Conclusions: AESN protects RGC loss through remodeling of MMPs and, therefore, can be used for the development of novel neurotherapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma.


Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Matriz Extracelular , Glaucoma , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Extratos Vegetais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Células Ganglionares da Retina , Solanum nigrum , Animais , Células Ganglionares da Retina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma/patologia , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Ratos , Solanum nigrum/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Coelhos , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
2.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 41: 9603271211061873, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35072544

RESUMO

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid isolated from the fenugreek seeds and has enormous pharmacological activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of 4-HIL in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, its toxicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo employing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and healthy rats, respectively. In experiment 1, STZ-induced diabetic male rats were subjected to an oral treatment of 4-HIL (100 mg/kg), while experiment 2 deals with the effects of 4-HIL on healthy male and female rats following oral administration. The treatment (experiment 1) declined the elevated blood glucose level, feed intake, and increased body weight(s). Additionally, blood glucose impairment was improved as observed by OGTT and IPGT tests. Pancreatic histopathology revealed mild changes in the 4-HIL group. Moreover, experiment 2 showed increased body weight, normal blood glucose levels (male-106.06 ± 7.49 mg/dl and female-100.06 ± 14.69 mg/dL), hematological parameters, and histopathological profiles in the treatment group. 4-HIL did not affect the viability of HEK-293 cells, and no signs of toxicity were observed in healthy rats. Therefore, the study concludes that 4-HIL has potential antihyperglycemic activity without any toxic effects.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Isoleucina/farmacologia , Isoleucina/uso terapêutico , Estreptozocina/toxicidade , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sementes/química , Trigonella/química
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