RESUMO
We present here a late preterm infant with extensive brain lesions resulting from vitamin K deficiency. A female infant was born after 35 weeks of gestation by emergent cesarean section because of non-reassuring fetal status. Her mother had severe eating disorder and recurrent vomiting since early pregnancy. She was immediately intubated and ventilated because she was extremely pale, hypotonic, and non-reactive. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging immediately after birth showed intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe and cerebellum, marked cerebral edema, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Coagulation studies of the infant showed hepaplastin test <5%, prolonged PT and APTT, and a marked elevation of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II. This case highlighted a potential risk of intracranial bleeding due to maternal vitamin K deficiency and difficulty in its prediction before delivery. Vitamin K supplementation to high risk mothers might be indispensable for preventing severe fetal vitamin K deficiency. Even when coagulation studies in mothers is normal, it is imperative to provide vitamin K supplementation for total protection.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/complicações , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Mães , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/sangue , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina K/complicações , Vitamina K/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/sangue , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Hemorragias Intracranianas/sangue , Hemorragias Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Gravidez , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Deficiência de Vitamina K/sangue , Vômito/complicaçõesRESUMO
The extract of Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has found extensive use in traditional medicine for treating various human diseases. In this study, the effect of the 50% ethanol extract of A. indica (AI01) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) was examined using MDR cell lines, specifically paclitaxel-resistant HepG2 (PR-HepG2) and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant (DR) colon-26 cells. 96-h treatment of the two cell lines with AI01 (30 µg/mL) showed no effect on the expression of P-gp mRNA (human MDR1 and mouse mdr1b) and protein, while AI01 increased the accumulation of rhodamine 123, a P-gp substrate, in both PR-HepG2 and DR-colon-26 cells. The cytotoxic effects of 48-h treatment with AI01 on the viability of PR-HepG2 and DR-colon-26 cells were not observed. Therefore, 30 µg/mL AI01 may have no cytotoxic and P-gp-inducing effects. Finally, AI01 potentiated the sensitivity of PR-HepG2 and DR-colon-26 cell lines to DOX by 8.6- and 15.3-fold, respectively. These findings suggest that A. indica may be a promising source for a new class of P-gp modulators without cytotoxic/P-gp induction effects.
Assuntos
Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Azadirachta/química , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , CamundongosRESUMO
Curcuma comosa has been widely used as a herbal medicine in Thailand; however, it remains unclear whether C. comosa influences the absorption of drugs that are substrates for the transporters in the small intestine. In this study, we investigated the effect of C. comosa extracts on the functioning of peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), an influx transporter, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter, in Caco-2 cells and rat intestine. In Caco-2 cells, the ethanolic extract of C. comosa (CCE) lowered the uptake of glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar), a PEPT1 substrate, while it enhanced the uptake of rhodamine 123 (Rho123), a P-gp substrate, in a concentrationdependent manner. In addition, CCE inhibited apical-to-basal transport of Gly-Sar and basal-to-apical transport of Rho123. Furthermore, the absorption of cephalexin, another PEPT1 substrate, and the exsorption of Rho123 across the rat intestine were inhibited by CCE. Conversely, CCW, the hot water extract of C. comosa, suppresses the function of PEPT1 but not of P-gp in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that C. comosa used as a herbal medicine in Thailand may affect the intestinal absorption of certain drugs.
Assuntos
Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcuma/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional do Leste Asiático , Transportador 1 de Peptídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportador 1 de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rodamina 123/farmacocinética , TailândiaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Próstata/metabolismo , Tienamicinas/administração & dosagem , Tienamicinas/farmacocinética , Idoso , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Meropeném , Estudos Prospectivos , Próstata/cirurgia , Tienamicinas/sangue , Ressecção Transuretral da PróstataRESUMO
Perioperative chemotherapy (CT) and chemoradiotherapy are widely used for advanced esophageal cancer. We evaluated the chemosensitivity of patients displaying recurrent esophageal cancer after esophagectomy with perioperative CT. From the database at National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo, we extracted recurrent esophageal cancer cases after perioperative CT and evaluated the effectiveness of the first CT against the recurrent disease according to the duration between termination of the original perioperative CT and recurrence with treatment-free intervals (TFIs) Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico
, Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico
, Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário
, Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico
, Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia
, Idoso
, Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia
, Quimioterapia Adjuvante
, Cisplatino/uso terapêutico
, Estudos de Coortes
, Bases de Dados Factuais
, Intervalo Livre de Doença
, Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia
, Esofagectomia
, Feminino
, Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Pessoa de Meia-Idade
, Estudos Retrospectivos
RESUMO
ATP-sensitive K channels are widely expressed in cytoplasmic membranes of neurons, and they couple cell metabolism to excitability. They are thought to be involved in neuroprotection against cell damage during hypoxia, ischemia and excitotoxicity by hyperpolarizing neurons and reducing excitability. Although barbiturates are often used in patients with brain ischemia, the effects of these agents on neuronal ATP-sensitive K channels have not been clarified. We studied the effects of thiopental and pentobarbital on surface ATP-sensitive K channels in principal neurons of rat substantia nigra pars compacta. Whole cell voltage- and current-clamp recordings were made using rat midbrain slices. ATP-sensitive K channels were activated by intracellular dialysis with an ATP-free pipette solution during perfusion with a glucose-free solution. When the pipette solution contained 4mM ATP and the perfusing solution contained 25 mM glucose, the membrane current at -60 mV remained stable. When intracellular ATP was depleted, hyperpolarization and an outward current developed slowly. Although thiopental did not affect the membrane current in the presence of ATP and glucose, it reversibly inhibited the hyperpolarization and outward current induced by intracellular ATP depletion at 100 and 300 microM. Thiopental reduced the ATP depletion-induced outward current by 4.7%, 36.7% and 87% at 30, 100 and 300 microM, respectively. The high dose of pentobarbital also exhibited similar effects on ATP-sensitive K channels. These results suggest that barbiturates at high concentrations but not at clinically relevant concentrations inhibit ATP-sensitive K channels activated by intracellular ATP depletion in rat substantia nigra.
Assuntos
Barbitúricos/farmacologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização/efeitos dos fármacos , Potássio/metabolismo , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Dano Encefálico Crônico/tratamento farmacológico , Dano Encefálico Crônico/fisiopatologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/prevenção & controle , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Líquido Intracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquido Intracelular/metabolismo , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Pentobarbital/farmacologia , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Tiopental/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional training on outbreak frequency of pneumonia for the elderly dysphagia patients who were being tube fed. METHODS: Subjects were divided into two groups; one group (n = 10) received oral care (i.e. non-training group) and the other group (n = 11) received functional training of dysphagia in addition to oral care (i.e. training group). The dental health team treated subjects once a week for 3 years (1999-2001). The frequency of pneumonia outbreaks and changes in activities of daily living scale (ADL) were evaluated for each year. RESULT: It was recognised that the frequency of pneumonia in the training group decreased year by year (p < 0.05). Cognitive items in ADL improved in two subjects of the training group. No statistical differences were recognised in the non-training group. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that once-a-week functional training of dysphagia with professional oral care might be effective in preventing pneumonia for elderly people who were being tube fed.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos/métodos , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Terapia Miofuncional , Pneumonia Aspirativa/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Transtornos de Deglutição/complicações , Assistência Odontológica para Idosos/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologiaRESUMO
TAC-101 (4-[3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamido]benzoic acid) is a novel, synthetic retinoid that is effective against liver metastases of human gastrointestinal cancer cells such as the human stomach carcinoma line AZ-521 in animal models, and is currently in use in phase I cancer trials. However, the mechanism of its antimetastatic action is still poorly understood. Tumor metastasis depends on angiogenesis, and various retinoids have been found to exhibit antiangiogenic activity. Based on these findings we here examined the antiangiogenic effects of TAC-101. Oral administration of TAC-101 (2-8 mg/kg/day) resulted in a drastic suppression of the AZ-521 cell-induced angiogenesis in a mouse dorsal air sac assay system, compared to the vehicle alone. Immunohistochemical analysis with antibody against the endothelial marker CD31 revealed a significant reduction in microvessel density in liver metastases from animals treated with TAC-101 (8 mg/kg p.o.), compared to liver metastases from the untreated control animals. The ability of TAC-101 (8 mg/kg p.o.) to prevent experimental liver metastasis of AZ-521 cells in athymic nude mice was comparable with that of the known angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (30 mg/kg s.c.). TAC-101 also affected angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membranes and some functions of endothelial cells associated with angiogenesis, whereas the retinoid failed to suppress AZ-521 cell proliferation directly. These data suggest that the TAC-101 is an orally active antiangiogenic agent and that this antiangiogenic property may contribute to its efficacy against liver metastasis of human stomach cancer cells.
Assuntos
Benzoatos/administração & dosagem , Benzoatos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Compostos de Trimetilsilil/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Trimetilsilil/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Animais , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Cicloexanos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , O-(Cloroacetilcarbamoil)fumagilol , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Compostos de Trimetilsilil/farmacologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
We have previously reported that the Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from clinical failure cases treated with cefdinir and aztreonam, beta-lactams exhibited high MICs. These resistant isolates were clearly separated from the isolates exhibiting a low level of resistance to beta-lactams as shown by the MIC distribution of cefozopran. Restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA typing revealed that the outbreak of cefozopran-resistant isolates in Kitakyushu, Japan, occurred as a result of clonal spread.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Aztreonam/farmacologia , Aztreonam/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Feminino , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monobactamas/uso terapêutico , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , CefozopranRESUMO
L-type Ca(2+) channels are heteromultimeric and finely tuned by auxiliary subunits in different tissues and regions. Among auxiliary subunits, beta subunit has been shown to play important roles in many functional aspects of Ca(2+) channel. Rat heart was reported to specifically express beta(2a) subunit. However, the slow inactivation rates of Ca(2+) currents recorded from recombinant Ca(2+) channels with the beta(2a) subunit, and the reported inability to detect beta(2a) subunit in rabbit heart by reverse transcription-PCR analysis raise the possibility of the existence of other beta subunits. We cloned a splice variant of beta(2) subunit from rat heart, using rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends. The splice variant is highly similar to human beta(2c) subunit that was cloned from human ventricle. Northern blot analysis detected the rat beta(2c) subunit abundantly in rat heart and brain. The deduced amino acid sequence of the beta(2c) subunit was different from that of the beta(2a) subunit only in the N-terminal region. When the beta(2c) subunit was expressed along with alpha(1c) and alpha(2)delta subunits in baby hamster kidney cells, the inactivation rates were comparable with those from native cardiac myocytes, although those with the beta(2a) subunit were slow. Taken together, these observations suggest that the beta(2c) subunit is a functional beta(2) subunit expressed in heart and that the short N-terminal region plays a major role in modifying inactivation kinetics.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/genética , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Processamento Alternativo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Northern Blotting , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Células COS , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Clonagem Molecular , Cricetinae , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Eletrofisiologia , Humanos , Cinética , Modelos Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , RNA/metabolismo , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
Proto-oncogenes such as c-fos, c-jun and c-myc are known to relate to cell proliferation and differentiation. Some oriental herbal medicines like Glycyrrhizae radix or Juzen-taiho-to were found to suppress estradiol-17 beta (E2)-induced expression of c-fos/jun in uterine corpus and inhibited N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and E2-induced endometrial carcinogenesis in mice. It is suggested that the effects of such oriental drugs are exerted probably through suppression of estrogen-induced c-fos/jun expression and they are promising preventing agents for endometrial cancers. In the combined in vitro assay for cell proliferation (MTS assay) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in human colorectal cancer cells (Colo 320), a number of naturally occurring chemopreventive agents such as curcumin, quercetin, auraptene, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and indole-3-carbinol were shown to generate apoptosis as well as to inhibit cell proliferation. The results suggest a mode of action of these chemopreventive agents and also imply that such in vitro short term assay is useful for detection of new agents for cancer prevention.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/prevenção & controle , Adenocarcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Quimioprevenção , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Neoplasias do Endométrio/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Estradiol , Feminino , Glycyrrhiza/química , Humanos , Hiperplasia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperplasia/patologia , Hiperplasia/prevenção & controle , Metilnitrosoureia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Plantas Medicinais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/metabolismo , Útero/patologiaRESUMO
The antigenicity and phototoxicity of water-soluble extract from Salacia reticulata (SRE) were examined in guinea pigs. In a study of active systemic anaphylaxis reaction, neither the oral administration group (64 or 320 mg/kg, 5 times/week, 3 weeks) nor the subcutaneous administration group (64 mg/kg, 1 time/week, 3 weeks) exhibited any anaphylactic reaction. Moreover, sensitization with serum obtained from these animals did not induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in normal animals. In a phototoxicity study, oral administration of SRE (320 mg/kg) induced neither erythema nor edema. These results suggest that SRE is not antigenic or phototoxic.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/imunologia , Dermatite Fototóxica/imunologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Rosales/metabolismo , Animais , Epitopos , Cobaias , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Solubilidade , ÁguaRESUMO
Mangiferin, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-beta-D-glucoside, is one of xanthone derivatives and C-glucosylxanthones, is widely distributed in higher plants and is one of constituents of folk medicines. Recent studies showed that mangiferin has a potential as an anti-oxidant and an anti-viral agent. In this study, we examined the effects of mangiferin in rat colon carcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). We performed two experiments: a short-term assay to investigate the effects of mangiferin on the development of preneoplastic lesions by AOM, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and the following long-term assay for the influence of mangiferin on tumorigenesis induced by AOM. In the short-term assay, 0.1% mangiferin in a diet significantly inhibited the ACF development in rats treated with AOM compared to rats treated with AOM alone (64.6+/-22.0 vs. 108.3+/-43.0). In the long-term assay, the group treated with 0.1% mangiferin in initiation phase of the experimental protocol had significantly lower incidence and multiplicity of intestinal neoplasms induced by AOM (47.3 and 41.8% reductions of the group treated with AOM alone for incidence and multiplicity, respectively). In addition, the cell proliferation in colonic mucosa was reduced in rats treated with mangiferin (65-85% reductions of the group treated with AOM alone). These results suggest that mangiferin has potential as a naturally-occurring chemopreventive agent.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/prevenção & controle , Xantenos/uso terapêutico , Xantonas , Animais , Azoximetano , Carcinógenos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344RESUMO
Complementary DNAs encoding a previously unidentified mouse Notch ligand and its human ortholog were isolated. The new Notch ligand contains a signal sequence, a DSL domain, eight epidermal growth factor-like repeats, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular region, all of which are characteristics of members of the Delta protein family. The new protein was therefore designated Delta-4. Several previously unidentified sequences in both the extracellular and intracellular regions were shown to be conserved among vertebrate Delta proteins. The tissue distribution of Delta-4 mRNA resembles that previously described for Notch-4 (Int-3) transcripts. However, in situ hybridization with mouse lung revealed that Delta-4 mRNA is abundant in squamous alveolar cells that neighbor endothelial cells; Notch-4 expression is largely restricted to the latter cell type. Soluble forms of the extracellular portion of Delta-4 inhibit the apparent proliferation of human aortic endothelial cells, but not human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Substâncias de Crescimento/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/química , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Proteínas Sanguíneas/classificação , Proteínas Sanguíneas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/análise , Endotélio/citologia , Endotélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias de Crescimento/química , Substâncias de Crescimento/classificação , Substâncias de Crescimento/farmacologia , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Receptor Notch4 , Receptores Notch , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , SolubilidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the surface roughness of enamel and dentin following the Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and acid etching. BACKGROUND DATA: Laser-roughened enamel or dentin surfaces have been expected to enhance restorative materials bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation was performed in one half of each polished enamel or dentin sample at 3 W (33.9 J/cm2, with air 70% and water 20%,) pulse energy for 6 sec. Then the other half was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 sec. Surface roughness and morphological studies were performed. RESULTS: It was found that surface roughness was significantly increased with the laser system. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that irradiated surface produces a rough surface that was completely lacking of a smear layer; there was also no cracking of enamel or dentin. CONCLUSION: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation could provide an effective and alternative method to the acid etch technique.
Assuntos
Ácidos/farmacologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos da radiação , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Dentina/efeitos da radiação , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Dióxido de Carbono , Érbio , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica , Dente Molar , Neodímio , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A 49-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of gallstones in 1993. Bilateral adrenal nodular masses were detected incidentally by abdominal computed tomography. He had no clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome such as central obesity, striae of skin and diabetes mellitus. We performed cholecystectomy and partial adrenalectomy of right adrenal gland as a biopsy, and diagnosed him as preclinical Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocorticotropin-independent bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia (AIMAH) based on endocrinological and histological examinations. We followed him up for 7 years. During the observation period, the sizes of both adrenal glands increased gradually, and finally serum cortisol level increased beyond normal range, and he showed a Cushingoid appearance such as moon face and central obesity. His skin became atrophic and very fragile, and the bone mineral density of his lumbar spine was extremely low. Serum cortisol level was elevated, and plasma ACTH level was always suppressed. Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and free cortisol were increased. Diurnal rhythm of cortisol and ACTH was completely lost and high dose (8 mg/day) dexamethasone did not suppress urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion. He became clinically overt Cushing's syndrome. We recommended total adrenalectomy, but he refused it. It is important to know the natural history of preclinical Cushing's syndrome due to AIMAH when choosing an adequate treatment.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Síndrome de Cushing/patologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , 17-Hidroxicorticosteroides/urina , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/urina , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperplasia/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Clinical cases have been reported of tacrolimus (FK506)-induced QT prolongation. We have previously demonstrated sustained QT prolongation by FK506 in guinea pigs. Herein, we aimed to conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of FK506, using a model involving the myocardial compartment. The pharmacokinetics of FK506 and its effects on QTc intervals were investigated in guinea pigs. In the pharmacokinetic study, whole blood and ventricular FK506 concentrations were analyzed, using a 4-compartment model during and after intravenous infusion of FK506 (0.01 or 0.1 mg/hr/kg). Subsequently, the concentration-response relationship between ventricular FK506 concentration and change in QTc interval was analyzed, using the maximal effect (Emax) model. Pharmacokinetic profiles of FK506 showed a delayed distribution of FK506 into the ventricle. Furthermore, the observed QT prolongation paralleled the ventricular FK506 concentrations, with no lag-time between the two. The Emax model successfully described the relationship between changes in QTc interval and ventricular FK506 concentrations. In conclusion, the PK/PD model where the myocardial drug concentration of FK506 was linked with its adverse effect could describe, for the first time, the anti-clockwise hysteresis observed in the relationship between blood FK506 concentration and QTprolongation. Such a hysteresis pattern for QTprolongation might be caused, therefore, mainly by the delayed disposition of FK506 to ventricular myocytes.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Síndrome do QT Longo/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do QT Longo/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Tacrolimo/efeitos adversos , Tacrolimo/farmacocinética , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cobaias , Imunossupressores/sangue , Imunossupressores/farmacocinética , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Infusões Intravenosas , Síndrome do QT Longo/sangue , Masculino , Tacrolimo/sangue , Tacrolimo/farmacologia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Ovariectomy-induced changes on the periodontium (gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament) in rats and the preventive effects of a Japanese herbal medicine, Chujo-to, were studied for a period of 49 days. The rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX given Chujo-to, OVX given 17beta-oestradiol, and OVX given the vehicle for 17beta-oestradiol, respectively. After the test period, the bone mineral content (BMC) of the mandibular condyle in OVX rats was similar to those in both sham rats and the OVX rats treated with either Chujo-to or 17beta-oestradiol. However, the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses revealed that the periodontal ligament of the OVX rats and the OVX rats treated with Chujo-to became more coarse than that of the sham rats or the rats treated with 17beta-oestradiol. The surface of the alveolar bone in the OVX rats appeared to contain numerous small granules, which were not present in the sham rats and the rats treated with either Chujo-to or 17beta-oestradiol. These results suggest that ovariectomy caused alterations in the peridontium, but Chujo-to had a preventive effect on the surface architecture of the alveolar bones.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Mandíbula/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Periodonto/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Mandíbula/ultraestrutura , Côndilo Mandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/ultraestrutura , Periodonto/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
We have shown recently that oxidative stress by chronic hyperglycemia damages the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of non-obese type 2 diabetes, which may worsen diabetic condition and suggested the administration of antioxidants as a supportive therapy. To determine if natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has beneficial effects on the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes, GK rats were fed a diet containing 0, 20 or 500 mg/kg diet alpha-tocopherol. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed a significant increment of insulin secretion at 30 min and a significant decrement of blood glucose levels at 30 and 120 min after glucose loading in the GK rats fed with high alpha-tocopherol diet. The levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, an indicator of glycemic control, were also reduced. Vitamin E supplementation clearly ameliorated diabetic control of GK rats, suggesting the importance of not only dietary supplementation of natural antioxidants but also other antioxidative intervention as a supportive therapy of type 2 diabetic patients.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Jejum , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Glucose/metabolismo , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pâncreas/química , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/patologia , Pâncreas/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem , Vitamina E/análise , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
In vivo antioxidative activity of propolis was evaluated on the basis of ameliorative effects on the oxidative stress induced by vitamin E deficiency in rats. The control group was fed vitamin E-deficient diet, and the propolis group was fed vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with 1% of propolis for 4 and 8 weeks. Comparisons were made in tissue concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, and lipid hydroperoxides between these groups. No significant difference was observed in tissue vitamin E concentration between these groups after both 4 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, the plasma vitamin C concentration of the propolis group was significantly higher than that of the control group. After 8 weeks, the tissue concentrations of vitamin C in the kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine of the propolis group were significantly higher than those of the control group. These results suggest that some components of propolis are absorbed to circulate in the blood and behave as a hydrophilic antioxidant that saves vitamin C. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in the large intestine of the propolis group was significantly lower than that of the control group after 8 weeks. These results suggest that propolis exerts its antioxidative effect where it is assumed to accumulate, such as on the kidney, where it is excreted, and on the gastrointestinal tract, where propolis influences these tissues even from the outside of the cell.