RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The genus Sargentodoxa comprises only one species, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd et al., widely distributed in the subtropical zone of China. The plant is extensively used in traditional medicine for treating arthritis, joint pains, amenorrhea, acute appendicitis and inflammatory intestinal obstruction. Pharmacological studies show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-sepsis activities. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to summarize the information about distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of S. cuneata, as an attempt to provide a scientific basis for its traditional uses and to support its application and development for new drug development. METHODOLOGY: Scientific information of S. cuneata was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, the Wiley online library, SciFinder, Baidu Scholar, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG DATA (up to March 2020). We also search doctoral dissertations, master dissertations conference papers and published books. The keywords were used: "Sargentodoxa", "Da Xue Teng", "Hong Teng", "Xue Teng", "secondary metabolites", "chemical components", "biological activity", "pharmacology", "traditional uses". OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: S. cuneata is utilized as valuable herbal medicines to treat various diseases in China. Over 110 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the stem of S. cuneata, including phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, lignans, flavones, triterpenoids and other compounds. The extract and compounds of S. cuneata have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inï¬ammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-sepsis and anti-arthritis effects, as well as protective activity against cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: S. cuneata has a rich legacy for the treatment of many diseases, especially arthritis and sepsis, which is reinforced by current investigations. However, the present studies about bioactive chemical constituents and detail pharmacological mechanisms of S. cuneata were insufficient. Further studies should focus on these aspects in relation to its clinical applications. This review has systematically summarized the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. cuneata, providing references for the therapeutic potential of new drug development.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Ranunculales/química , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Etnofarmacologia , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Ranunculales/metabolismoRESUMO
This research was designed to investigate lipid peroxidation of the kidney of turtle (Mauremys reevesii) caused by cadmium. Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with cadmium at the concentration of 0 (control), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and 5 turtles were taken from each group after exposure for 1 week (1 w), 2 weeks (2 w), and 3 weeks (3 w). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents in the homogenate of kidney tissue were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a short time of low dose of cadmium could stimulate the increase of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles, but a long time of high dose of cadmium could induce the decrease of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles. Cadmium could decrease CAT activity and GSH content in turtle kidney, but increased MDA content in turtle kidney. There were some other effects on the turtles, such as depression and diarrhea. The experimental results indicate that cadmium causes temporary oxidative stress on the kidney of turtles.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Tartarugas , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cádmio/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tartarugas/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of kai xin san (KXS, at doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg body weight per day), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, on learning and memory in paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD)-induced cognition deficit rats. Two behavior tests (the Open Field test and the Morris water maze task) were used for testing the effects of KXS on a PSD-induced learning and memory deficit model. Furthermore, its effect on the glutamic acid (GLU) and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain tissue, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) expression in the hippocampus was also tested. KXS exerted the greatest cognition against the 48 h PSD-induced cognitive deficit and these effects may be mediated by decreasing the GLU and GABA levels and increasing the levels of BDNF, CREB, and p-CREB. This study indicates that the effect of KXS on learning and memory in a rat model of PSD could be associated with the modulation of neurotransmitter levels and the expression of some genes in the brain that contribute to memory functions.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Privação do Sono/complicações , Sono REM , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/etiologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/metabolismo , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Privação do Sono/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of classic ancient prescription Kaixin San (KXS) on learning and memory abilities in chronic stress depression model rats and its possible mechanisms. METHOD: Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: the control group, the model group, the positive drug group (fluoxetine 10 mg x kg(-1)) and KXS groups (1000, 500, 250, 125 mg x kg(-1)). KXS were orally administrated to CMS rats for 21 days. The anti-depression activity of KXS was assessed using the sucrose consumption and the open-field test. The protecting effect for learning and memory abilities was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (Ach) and acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) in the total brain and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the hippocampus were determined. RESULT: The behavior test showed that KXS significantly increased the sucrose consumption and total distance in the open-field test and notably reduce the incubation period of location and navigation in the MWM test. It could also help increase the number of times passing through the platform, the swimming distance and time in quadrant of original platform, the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) , noradrenergic (NE), Ach, BDNF protein and reduce the level of AchE in the CMS-induced rats. CONCLUSION: KXS can ameliorate the CMS-induced depression behavior in rats and improved their learning and memory abilities, which may be related to the increase in monoamine neurotransmitters, Ach and BDNF levels.
Assuntos
Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Doença Crônica/terapia , Depressão/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
In this study, we evaluated the effect of curcumin (Cur) post-treatment on isolated perfused rat hearts that had been subjected to a protocol of ischemia and reperfusion injury. We also examined whether the Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator 3 of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway plays a role in the cardioprotective effects of Cur post-treatment. Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 60 min of ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. The hearts were exposed to 1-µM Cur during the first 10 min of reperfusion in the absence or presence of the JAK kinase-specific inhibitor AG490 (AG, 1 µM). The Cur treatment conferred a cardioprotective effect, and the treated hearts demonstrated an improved post-ischemic cardiac functional recovery, a decreased myocardial infarct size and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release in the coronary flow, a reduced number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Caspase3. AG blocked the Cur-mediated cardioprotection by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, as reflected by the abrogation of the Cur-induced up-regulation of Bcl2 and down-regulation of Caspase3. The results suggest that Cur post-treatment can attenuate IR injury through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which transmits a survival signal to the myocardium.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/enzimologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Perfusão , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Fatores de Tempo , Tirfostinas/farmacologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Dingzhixiao Wan (DZXW), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of Acorus tatarinowii, Polygala tenuifolia, Poria cocos and Panax ginseng in a proportion of 2: 2: 3: 3, on learning-memory impairment induced by scopolamine and its possible mechanisms. METHOD: The mice were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, the positive huperzine A (0.05 mg x kg(-1)) group, DZXW 700 mg x kg(-1), 350 mg x kg(-1) and 175 mg kg(-1) groups. DZXW extracts were orally administrated to the mice for 7 days. Scopolamine (1.5 mg x kg(-1), ip) was injected to establish the learning and memory impairment model in mice. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess the learning and memory ability of each group. After the test, the activities of glutamic acid (Glu), gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (Ach) and acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) in brain tissue were measured. RESULT: The praxiology test showed that DZXW significantly decreased the average latency of model mice in the place navigation test, and enhanced the frequency for passing through the platform in the spatial probe test, the percentage between target quadrant swimming distance and time. Moreover, DZXW could significantly increase the contents of Glu and 5-HT, DA and Ach, while reducing the levels of GABA and AchE in mice brain. CONCLUSION: DZXW could significantly ameliorate the scopolamine-induced learning-memory impairment in mice and improve their learning-memory capacity, which may be related to its effect on adjusting Glu/GABA system and increasing Ach and monoamine neurotransmitter contents in mice brain.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Escopolamina/farmacologia , Animais , Química Encefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Dopamina/análise , Ácido Glutâmico/análise , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/metabolismo , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo , Camundongos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análiseRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Kai Xin San (KXS) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription for the treatment of depression-like disorders, anxiety, and impairment in learning and memory, however, there is very little scientific data concerning the efficacy of this. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant potential of Kai Xin San and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mouse models of depression including the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) were used to evaluate the effects of KXS. A possible mechanism was explored in the tests of antagonism of reserpine-induced ptosis, akinesia and hypothermia and 5-HTP induced head-twitch response in mice. The contents of monoamine neurotransmitters including epinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in mice brain were determined by Elisa. Spontaneous motor activities of mice and rotarod test were performed to find whether KXS has excitatory or inhibitory actions on the central nervous system. RESULTS: The results showed that intragastric administration of KXS at 175, 350, 700, 1400 mg/kg/day or fluoxetine at 28 mg/kg/day for 3 days significantly reduced the duration of immobility in TST and FST, while it showed no effect on the spontaneous motor activity and rotarod performance in mice. However, the effect was not dose-dependent. The pre-treatment with KXS or fluoxetine for 3 days could elevate the contents of NE, 5-HT and DA in mice brain significantly. When the mice were treated with KXS (350 mg/kg, p.o) or desipramine (30 mg/kg, p.o) for 7 days, both of them could antagonize reserpine-induced ptosis, akinesia and hypothermia. The KXS (350 mg/kg) also increased the accumulative number of the 5-HTP-induced head twitch response in mice in 20 min when KXS at dosages of 175, 350, 700 and 1400 mg/kg/day were performed per os (p.o.) during a 1-day, 3-day or 7-day period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that KXS exerts antidepressant-like effect. A possible mechanism, at least in part, is via the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter system and 5-HT plays a major role.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Monoaminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/psicologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in herbs of Paris verticillata. METHOD: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel and purified by Sephadex LH-20 and RP-HPLC. The structures were identified by means of NMR analysis. RESULT: Nine compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract and the n-BuOH extract of P. verticillata. Their structures were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), daucosterol (3), beta-ecdysterone (4), 4-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone (5), diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (6), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glycopyranoside (7), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopy-ranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (8), and pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-9 are isolated from P. verticillata for the first time, and compounds 3, 5 are isolated from the genus Paris for the first time. The compounds 6-9 showed certain inhibition activeness of LA-795 cells, especially, the effects of compounds 6, 8 and 9 were more significant.