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1.
Poult Sci ; 97(4): 1263-1270, 2018 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29452375

RESUMO

1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OH-D3) is a vitamin D derivative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1α-OH-D3 on the growth and the mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the small intestine and kidney of chickens. A total of 240 males of one-day-old Ross 308 broilers was randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 12 birds per replicate. Three levels of 1α-OH-D3 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg/kg) were added to a basal diet containing 0.50% calcium (Ca), 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and without supplemental cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). The control diet contained 1.00% Ca, 0.45% NPP, and 25 µg/kg cholecalciferol. Dietary 1α-OH-D3 levels linearly improved the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), femur and tibia mineralization, and plasma Ca concentration, and retained Ca and total phosphorus (tP) amounts in broilers from 1 to 21 d of age (P < 0.05). In addition, 1α-OH-D3 also linearly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of VDR in the duodenum as well as those of VDR and sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc in the kidney of broilers (P < 0.05). However, 1α-OH-D3 did not affect the mRNA levels of 25-hydroxylase in the liver or NaPi-IIb in the duodenum (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in the ADFI, ADG, bone length, plasma mineral concentration, retained tP amount, or the mRNA levels of the above genes (except for VDR in the kidney) between the birds fed the diet with 5 µg/kg 1α-OH-D3 and the birds fed the control diet (P > 0.05). By contrast, the weight, ash weight, ash percentage, and Ca percentage of the bone, retained Ca amount, and the mRNA level of VDR in the kidney were lower in the birds fed the diet with 5 µg/kg 1α-OH-D3 than in the birds fed the control diet (P < 0.05). These data indicate that 1α-OH-D3 up-regulates the gene expression of VDR in the small intestine and kidney at the transcriptional level, thereby improving the growth performance and bone mineralization of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 d of age.


Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/genética , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/metabolismo , Fósforo na Dieta/metabolismo , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Regulação para Cima , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Expressão Gênica , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/administração & dosagem , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo
2.
Poult Sci ; 97(4): 1199-1208, 2018 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29325125

RESUMO

Four experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 was carried out to examine mRNA expressions of nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR), and type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) in the small intestine of broiler chickens. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were implemented to evaluate effects of age, non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on mRNA expressions of nVDR, mVDR, and NaPi-IIb in the duodenum of chickens. Results showed that mRNA expression levels of nVDR and NaPi-IIb were highest in the duodenum of 21-day-old broilers, lower in the jejunum, and lowest in the ileum. By contrast, no differences in mRNA expression levels of mVDR were detected among the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Age quadratically affected mRNA expressions of nVDR, mVDR, and NaPi-IIb in the duodenum and 25-hydroxylase in the liver of 7- to 42-day-old broilers, with the highest levels observed at 21 d of age. By contrast, age linearly decreased mRNA expression level of 1α-hydroxylase in kidneys. Dietary NPP levels quadratically affected mRNA expression levels of nVDR and mVDR in the duodenum and 25-hydroxylase in the liver of 21-day-old broilers. The highest mRNA expression levels of nVDR and mVDR and lowest mRNA level of 25-hydroxylase were observed at 0.55% NPP. mRNA expression level of NaPi-IIb linearly declined when dietary NPP levels increased from 0.25 to 0.65%. Addition of 12.5 µg/kg of 25-OH-D3 increased mRNA expression level of 1α-hydroxylase in kidneys and those of nVDR, mVDR, and NaPi-IIb in the duodenum of broilers compared with birds fed the diet without 25-OH-D3. These data indicate that mRNA expressions of nVDR and NaPi-IIb are highest in the duodenum, and the greatest mRNA levels of nVDR, mVDR, and NaPi-IIb are observed at 21 d of age. Dietary NPP levels quadratically increase mRNA expressions of nVDR and mVDR but linearly decrease NaPi-IIb mRNA level. 25-OH-D3 up-regulates the above gene transcription.


Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Calcifediol/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fósforo na Dieta/metabolismo , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Proteínas Cotransportadoras de Sódio-Fosfato Tipo IIb/genética , Fatores Etários , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Galinhas/genética , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Masculino , Fósforo na Dieta/administração & dosagem , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Proteínas Cotransportadoras de Sódio-Fosfato Tipo IIb/metabolismo
3.
Poult Sci ; 96(7): 2330-2335, 2017 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28339866

RESUMO

This study was conducted to evaluate the relative biological value (RBV) of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OH-D3) to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) in one- to 21-day-old broiler chickens fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the d of hatch, 450 male Ross 308 broiler chickens were weighed and randomly allotted to 9 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) but was not supplemented with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). The levels of Ca and NPP in basal diets were lower than those recommended by NRC (1994). 25-OH-D3 was fed at zero, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 µg/kg, and 1α-OH-D3 was fed at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 µg/kg. The RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 based on vitamin D intake was determined by the slope ratio method. Results showed that 25-OH-D3 or 1α-OH-D3 improved the growth performance and decreased the mortality in one- to 21-day-old broilers. A linear relationship was observed between the level of 25-OH-D3 or 1α-OH-D3 and mineralization of the femur, tibia, or metatarsus. The RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 were 234, 253, and 202% when the weight, ash weight, and Ca percentage of femur were used as criteria. The corresponding RBV of 1α-OH-D3 to 25-OH-D3 were 232 to 263% and 245 to 267%, respectively, when tibia and metatarsus mineralization were used as criteria. These data indicate that when directly feeding a hormonally active form of vitamin D as 1α-OH-D3 proportionally less is needed than when using the precursor (25-OH-D3) in diets deficient in Ca and P.


Assuntos
Calcifediol/farmacocinética , Cálcio/deficiência , Galinhas/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/farmacocinética , Fósforo/deficiência , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória
4.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci ; 29(8): 1145-51, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26954155

RESUMO

This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D3 was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µg/kg, and 25-OH-D3 was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 µg/kg. The RBV of 25-OH-D3 was determined using vitamin D3 as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-D3 is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin D3 in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.

5.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 25(11): 688-91, 2000 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12525076

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of dispensing ratio of Chinese herbs on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of effective components. METHODS: Paeoniflorin (PF) in serum was determined by RP-HPLC with UV-detector. The concentration-time data were fitted using 3P87 Pharmacokinetic Program, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by t-test. RESULTS: The concentration-time curves of PF in both groups of Chuanxiong: Chishao 1:2 and 2:1 Xiongshao Pharmaceutics administrated intragastrically fitted open one compartment model. Parameters of Chuanxiong: Chishao 1:2 and 2:1 groups: Ka = 0.0082 +/- 0.0010 and 0.0088 +/- 0.0011(min-1), Ke = 0.0060 +/- 0.0015 and 0.0071 +/- 0.0008(min-1), t1/2Ka = 86.10 +/- 12.38 and 79.11 +/- 18.69(min), t1/2Ke = 119.95 +/- 27.23 and 98.14 +/- 10.82(min), tpeak = 169.16 +/- 21.18 and 149.39 +/- 29.51(min), Cmax = 3845.89 +/- 716.70 and 1635.81 +/- 230.95 (micrograms.L-1) respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different formulae of Chinese herbs do not always result in changes of pharmacokinetic characteristics of some one component.


Assuntos
Benzoatos/farmacocinética , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/farmacocinética , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Glucosídeos/farmacocinética , Animais , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos , Ligusticum/química , Masculino , Monoterpenos , Paeonia/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química
6.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 19(4): 238-40, inside backcover, 1994 Apr.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7945858

RESUMO

Extracts of different concentrations from Codonopsis pilosula were administered to the myocardial cells of rats, and the results indicated that the activity of PDE was inhibited in different ways, and that cAMP was less hydrolyzed and increased in contents. When the extract was administered to the PRP of rabbits, the inhibiting rate of CaM activity rose with the increase of concentration in the extract.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Animais , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Calmodulina/sangue , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Masculino , Miocárdio/citologia , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Coelhos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
7.
Planta Med ; 47(1): 35-8, 1983 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17405089

RESUMO

Three novel diterpenoids, pseudolaric acids A, B and C, were isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gorden used as an antifungal agent in folk medicine in China. The structures of pseudolaric acids B and C were assigned as 1 and 6 by spectral and chemical evidence. Pseudolaric acids A, B and C possess antifungal activity and pseudolaric acid B possesses an antifertility effect.

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