Pathological Mechanism of Diabetes Based on NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As people's living standards improve， the development trend of diabetes has gradually become severe. Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with abnormal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） in patients. NF-κB exists in various tissue cells and participates in the regulation of a variety of genes related to immune function and inflammation. Varieties of factors can activate NF-κB when the body is stimulated by external factors， so as to produce inflammation and other reactions. Previous studies on NF-κB mainly focus on cancer， and the pathological mechanism of the treatment of diabetes by related signaling pathways and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment have not been systematically elaborated on. By referring to the relevant literature in China and abroad， it was found that NF-κB is not isolated in the development and progression of diabetes but is associated with signal molecules related to inflammation， oxidative stress， and energy metabolism， and it is involved in mediating inflammation， pancreatic β cell apoptosis， insulin signal transduction， and other physiological functions. Therefore， blocking the transmission of NF-κB signaling pathway is beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At present， Western medicine for the treatment of diabetes mainly includes oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections， but the adverse reactions are obvious. TCM has been characterized by multi-target， extensive action， and excellent curative effects in the treatment of diabetes. TCM and its compounds with functions of tonifying Qi and promoting blood circulation， regulating qi and eliminating phlegm， clearing heat and detoxifying， and nourishing Yin and moistening dryness can effectively intervene in the abnormal expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo through anti-inflammatory effects. In this paper， the association between NF-κB signaling pathway and diabetes was summarized， and the modern research progress of TCM intervention of NF-κB signaling pathway in the treatment of diabetes in the past five years was reviewed， so as to lay a laboratory foundation for the study of a new pathological mechanism of diabetes based on NF-κB signaling pathway and provide new targets and research direction for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and development of related TCM.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions for depression in people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Treatment for depression in people living with HIV has increasingly turned to non-pharmacological treatments due to the adverse reactions of pharmacotherapy. However, it remains unclear which non-pharmacological treatment is the most effective and acceptable for depression in people living with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To compare and rank the efficacy and acceptability of different non-pharmacological treatments for depression in people living with HIV. DESIGN: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycArticles, CINAHL, ProQuest, OpenGrey, and international trial registers for published and unpublished studies from their inception to September 1, 2022, and searched key conference proceedings from January 1, 2020, to September 25, 2022. We searched for randomized controlled trials of any non-pharmacological treatments for depression in adults living with HIV (≥18 years old). Primary outcomes were efficacy (mean change scores in depression) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). We used a random-effects network meta-analysis model to synthesize all available evidence. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. We registered this study in PROSPERO, number CRD42021244230. RESULTS: A total of 53 randomized controlled trials were included in this network meta-analysis involving seven non-pharmacological treatments for depression in people living with HIV. For efficacy, mind-body therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, and education were significantly more effective than most control conditions (standardized mean differences ranged from -0.96 to -0.36). Rankings probabilities indicated that mind-body therapy (79%), interpersonal psychotherapy (71%), cognitive-behavioral therapy (62%), supportive therapy (57%), and education (57%) might be the top five most significantly effective treatments for depression in people living with HIV, in that order. For acceptability, only supportive therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy were significantly less acceptable than most control conditions (odds ratios ranged from 1.92 to 3.43). Rankings probabilities indicated that education might be the most acceptable treatment for people living with HIV (66%), while supportive therapy (26%) and interpersonal psychotherapy (10%) might rank the worst. The GRADE assessment results suggested that most results were rated as "moderate" to "very low" for the confidence of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the efficacy and acceptability of several non-pharmacological treatments for depression in people living with HIV. These results should inform future guidelines and clinical decisions for depression treatment in people living with HIV.

Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of essential hypertension:a meta-analysis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for essential hypertension.Methods:A computerized literature search of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),China Biology Medicine Disc(CBM),PubMed,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),and Cochrane Library was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled clinical trials on acupuncture as the main intervention for the treatment of essential hypertension published from the inception of the database to 30 January 2021.The risk-of-bias assessment was carried out for each included study according to the Cochrane Handbook.Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 15.0.Results:After the screening,46 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 3 859 subjects were included.Primary outcomes included changes in the diastolic blood pressure after intervention[eight studies showed that the acupuncture plus antihypertensive drug group was better than the antihypertensive drug monotherapy group[mean difference(MD)=1.45,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.48,2.43),P=0.004,fixed effects model;I2=39%]and changes in the systolic blood pressure after intervention{11 studies showed that the acupuncture plus antihypertensive drug group was better than the antihypertensive drug monotherapy group[MD=8.60,95%CI(7.12,10.07),P<0.00001,fixed effects model;I2=26%]}.The secondary outcome was antihypertensive efficacy,12 studies of acupuncture monotherapy group[risk ratio(RR)=1.20,95%CI(1.12,1.28),P<0.00001,fixed effects model;I2=36%]and 15 studies of acupuncture combined with antihypertensive drug group[RR=1.27,95%CI(1.20,1.34),P<0.00001,fixed effects model;I2=6%]showed better results than the antihypertensive drug monotherapy group in antihypertensive efficacy.In terms of the adverse events,four studies showed that the acupuncture monotherapy group had fewer adverse events than the antihypertensive drug monotherapy group[RR=0.10,95%CI(0.04,0.25),P<0.00001,fixed effects model;I2=0%].Conclusion:Acupuncture combined with antihypertensive drugs is superior to antihypertensive drugs alone in reducing blood pressure,and acupuncture therapy is effective and safe for the treatment of essential hypertension with fewer side effects.However,there is still a lack of high-quality multicenter randomized double-blinded controlled trials in this field.Rigorous large-sample clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.

Clinical efficacy of moxibustion for ulcerative colitis and its influence on vitamin D receptor / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion for ulcerative colitis (UC) and elucidate its mechanism by targeting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 63 patients with UC were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, treated with herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion) and a control group (33 cases, treated with sham herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion). Moxibustion treatment was performed at Qihai (CV6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37), 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The total effective rate, visual analog scale (VAS) score for abdominal bloating and pain, and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score were compared between the two groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and interleukin-12 (IL-12)/interleukin-23 (IL-23) p40. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression levels of VDR and regenerating gene Ⅳ (Reg Ⅳ) proteins in colonic mucosa. The expression levels of VDR, cytochrome p45027B1 (CYP27B1), and Reg Ⅳ mRNAs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitive polymerase chain reaction. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 86.7％, which was significantly higher than 51.5％ in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores for abdominal bloating and pain in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), as well as the HADS-depression subscale (HADS-D) and HADS-anxiety subscale (HADS) scores (P<0.05), while only the VAS score for abdominal pain in the control group was reduced (P<0.05), and the improvements of the scores in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum CRP concentrations in both groups and the IL-12/IL-23 p40 concentration in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the concentrations in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of VDR protein and mRNA in the colon in both groups were all increased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of Reg Ⅳ protein and mRNA and CYP27B1 mRNA were all decreased in the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the improvements in the observation group were more notable than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can effectively alleviate abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients with UC, improve depression and anxiety disorders, and regulate the expression of related proteins in the VDR signaling pathway. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting intestinal inflammation by reducing the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12/IL-23 p40.

Clinical application of water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation for critical patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation for critical patients.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. Eighty patients who needed indwelling nasobenteric tube were selected from June 2021 to April 2022 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. They were divided into control group ( n=40) and experimental group ( n=40) by systemic randomization. For the patients in the experimental group, the intubation was performed by water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound. For the control group, the traditional method was applicated under the guidance of ultrasound. Using abdominal X-ray as the gold standard of successful pylorus posterior catheterization, the result of catheterization, time of operation, efficiency of positioning in the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results:In the experimental group, 38 cases were successfully intubated, 2 were failed; in the control group, 27 cases were successfully intubated, 13 were failed, and all the failed cases in the control group were then successfully intubated again by using method of the experimental group. The success rate of tube placement in the experimental group was 95.0% (38/40), which was higher than 67.5% (27/40) in the control group ( χ2 = 9.93, P<0.05). The average time of operation in the experimental group was (45.2 ± 14.2) min, which was significantly lower than (70.2 ± 17.7) min in the control group, the difference was significantly different ( t=-5.51, P<0.05). The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic rate of nasal-jejunum intubation positioning in the experimental group were 100.0% respectively, higher than 38.4%, 77.7%, 72.4%, 45.4%, 65.0% in the control group; the false positive rate, false negative rate in the experimental group were both 0, lower than 22.2%, 61.5% in the control group, with statistically significant differences( χ2 values were 4.69- 16.97, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation was a new method which can shorten the operation time and increase the success rate for intubation. It has relatively high positioning accuracy and possess valuable clinical application.

Meta-analysis on the effect of combining Lianhua Qingwen with Western medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide life-threatening pandemic. Lianhua Qingwen is believed to possess the ability to treat or significantly improve the symptoms of COVID-19. These claims make it important to systematically evaluate the effects of using Lianhua Qingwen with Western medicine to treat COVID-19.@*OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy, employing Lianhua Qingwen with Western medicine, to treat COVID-19, using a meta-analysis approach.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the effect of Lianhua Qingwen-Western medicine combination therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#(1) Research object: hospitalized patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 were included. (2) Intervention measures: patients in the treatment group received Lianhua Qingwen treatment combined with Western medicine, while the control group received either Western medicine or Chinese medicine treatment. (3) Research type: randomized controlled trials and retrospective study were included.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Two researchers extracted the first author, the proportion of males and females, age, body temperature, course of treatment, rate of disappearance of main symptoms, duration of fever, adverse reactions, and total effectiveness from the literature. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect value for count data, and mean difference (MD) and 95% CI were used as the effect value for measurement data.@*RESULTS@#Six articles met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 856 COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis showed that Lianhua Qingwen combination therapy achieved higher rates of fever reduction (OR = 3.43, 95% CI [1.78, 6.59], P = 0.0002), cough reduction (OR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.85, 6.23], P < 0.0001), recovery from shortness of breath (OR = 10.62, 95% CI [3.71, 30.40], P < 0.0001) and recovery from fatigue (OR = 2.82, 95% CI [1.44, 5.53], P = 0.003), higher total effectiveness rate (OR = 2.51, 95% CI [1.73, 3.64], P < 0.00001), and shorter time to recovery from fever (MD = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.04, 0.96], P < 0.00001), and did not increase the adverse reaction rate (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.42, 1.01], P = 0.06), compared to the single medication control.@*CONCLUSION@#The Lianhua Qingwen and Western medicine combination therapy is highly effective for COVID-19 patients and has good clinical safety. As only a small number of studies and patients were included in this review, more high-quality, multicenter, large-sample-size, randomized, double-blind, controlled trials are still needed for verification.

Data mining-based analysis of formulation rules for prescriptions containing herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix / 中国中药杂志

By the in-depth excavation of prescriptions containing herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, this study analyzed their formulation rules, so as to provide reference for their clinical application and new drug development. First, the prescriptions containing Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix were collected from the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, and their indications, herbal compatibility, and dosage forms were analyzed statistically using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(TCMISS). Meanwhile, the formulation rules and common dosage forms for the top four indications(amnesia, palpitation, mania, and epilepsy) sorted by frequency were analyzed with Apriori algorithm. A total of 507 prescriptions containing Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix were screened out, involving 15 indications(frequency>10) like amnesia, palpitation, mania, and epilepsy. There were 30 commonly used Chinese herbs(frequency≥60), with the Qi-tonifying herbs(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome), mind-tranquilizing herbs(Poria and Poria cum Radix Pini), and Yin-nourishing herbs(Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Ophiopogonis Radix) being the core ones. The commonly used dosage forms were honey pill, paste pill, decoction, and powder. These have indicated that the herbal pair Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix is often combined with Qi-tonifying, Yin-nourishing, and mind-tranquilizing herbs for the treatment of "heart or brain diseases" caused by phlegm production due to spleen deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, and phlegm-turbidity blocking orifice. In the treatment of amnesia, supplementing essence and replenishing marrow are considered on the basis of tonifying Qi, nourishing Yin, and tranquilizing mind. In the treatment of palpitation and mania, tranquilizing mind is emphasized. In the treatment of epilepsy, the emphasis is placed on resolving phlegm, extinguishing wind, and stopping convulsion.

Progress on integrated treatment of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Surgery is an accepted standard in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), but the efficacy of surgery alone for locally advanced AEG is limited. In-depth studies concerning combined therapy for AEG have been carried out worldwide, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), perioperative chemotherapy (pCT), postoperative chemoradiotherapy, etc. Significantly, the contribution of nCRT and pCT to improving the prognosis of locally advanced AEG patients has been shed light on. Compared with that, multimodality treatment for AEG patients is not well established in China. An attempt was thus made to take an overview of the evidence-based research advance regarding integrated therapy of AEG.

Effects of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on the expression of thyroid autophagy-related factors LC3B and Beclin-1 in rats with autoimmune thyroiditis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the anti-inflammatory effect, as well as the effect on the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a modeling group. The EAT rat model was prepared by a combination of antigen immunization plus iodine agent induction. After the model was prepared, rats in the modeling group were randomly and equally divided into a model group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group. In the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, moxibustion was alternately applied to two groups of points [Dazhui (GV14)-Mingmen (GV4) and Tiantu (CV22)-Guanyuan (CV4)], and the treatment continued for 30 d. Rats in the normal and model groups were only fixed identically without intervention. Histopathological manifestations of thyroid glands were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining; the concentrations of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of autophagy-related factors LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue. Results: There were massive follicular destruction, lymphocytic infiltration, and interstitial fibrous tissue hyperplasia of the thyroid glands in the model group. Some follicles of the thyroid glands were destroyed with few lymphocyte infiltrations and fibrous tissue hyperplasia in the moxibustion group. Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of serum TPOAb, TGAb, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased in the model rats (P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue were reduced in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of serum TPOAb, TGAb, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group (P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue were increased in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue was negatively correlated with the serum levels of TPOAb and TGAb.Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion reduces the inflammatory response in the thyroid glands of EAT rats and lowers the levels of serum TPOAb and TGAb. This may be related to the regulation of mRNA and protein expression of the autophagy-associated factors LC3B and Beclin-1 in rat thyroid tissue.

TGF-β-related Signaling Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Prospect of Chinese Medicine Intervention： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The incidence of diabetes has been on the rise as the result of lifestyle changes， especially the high-fat diet and reduced exercise. Thus， it has become a global public health problem and it is an urgent task to explore effective therapy. There has been an explosion of research on the relationship of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways with diabetes complications and tumors， but the role of the pathways in the occurrence and progression of diabetes remains unclear. TGF-β signaling pathways can be activated by many factors， directly or indirectly leading to the apoptosis of islet β cells and insulin resistance （IR）， and thus they are expected to become new targets for the treatment of diabetes. TGF-β-related signaling pathways involve AMP-activated proteinkinase （AMPK）， protooncogene （c-Myc）， Ski-relatednovel protein N （SnoN）， Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 （Smurf1）， miR-335-5p， and other signaling molecules. They participate in the occurrence and development of IR， apoptosis of islet β cells， insulin secretion disorder， fibrosis of adipocytes， and metabolic disorder of adipocytes， and inhibit the browning of white adipose tissue， playing an important part in the pathological process of human diabetes. According to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the pathogenesis of diabetes is the deficiency of Qi and Yin， and the late stage is characterized by the syndrome of Qi deficiency， and Yang deficiency and blood stasis， which should be treated according to the principle of replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin， warming Yang and activating blood. It has been found that the efficacy of some Chinese medicinals and compound prescriptions on diabetes is closely related to the TGF-β signaling pathways. This paper reviews TGF-β-associated signaling pathways， elucidating the roles of them in pathogenesis of diabetes， and analyzes the relationship of TGF-β-associated signaling pathways with the effect of compound Chinese medicine prescriptions against diabetes. This study is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the research on the treatment diabetes.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on mitochondrial quality control during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on mitochondrial quality control during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 4-6 weeks, weighing 15-20 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) according to the random number table method: control group (group C), endotoxin-induced ALI group (group L-ALI), endotoxin-induced ALI plus acupoint electroacupuncture group (group L-ALI+ EA), and endotoxin-induced ALI plus non-acupoint electroacupuncture group (group L-ALI+ SEA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 15 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein to develop the model of endotoxin-induced ALI in anesthetized mice.In group L-ALI+ EA, at 5 days before LPS injection, bilateral Zusanli and Feishu acupoints were stimulated with an electric stimulator for 30 min each time at a voltage of 1-2 mA and a frequency of 2/15 Hz until the end of the experiment.In group L-ALI+ SEA, stimulation was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of bilateral Zusanli and Feishu non-meridian and non-acupoint sites using the shallow puncture method, and the other treatment methods were the same as those previously described in group EA.Group C received no treatment.The mice were sacrificed by euthanasia at 12 h after LPS administration, and lung tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and structure and morphology of mitochondria (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and contents of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione oxidized (GSSG). The GSH/GSSG ratio was calculated.The expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mfn2, optic atrophy1 (OPA1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), fission protein 1 (Fis1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), NRF2, PTEN-induced putative protein kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) was determined by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the level of ROS and contents of GSSG and mtDNA were significantly increased, GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased, the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, NRF1, NRF2 and PGC-1α was down-regulated, and the expression of Drp1, Fis1, PINK1 and Parkin was up-regulated in L-ALI, L-ALI+ EA and L-ALI+ SEA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group L-ALI, the level of ROS and contents of GSSG and mtDNA were significantly decreased, GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio were increased, the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, NRF1, NRF2 and PGC-1α was up-regulated, and the expression of Drp1, Fis1, PINK1 and Parkin was down-regulated in group L-ALI+ EA ( P<0.05). Compared with group L-ALI+ EA, the level of ROS and contents of GSSG and mtDNA were significantly increased, GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased, the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, NRF1, NRF2 and PGC-1α was down-regulated, and the expression of Drp1, Fis1, PINK1 and Parkin was up-regulated in group L-ALI+ SEA ( P<0.05). Conclusions:TEAS can reduce endotoxin-induced ALI probably through regulating mitochondrial quality control in mice.

Clinicopathological characteristics of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinicopathological differences between elderly and non-elderly patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods:Patients diagnosed with IMN via renal biopsy at Beijing Huairou Hospital, Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to August 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.They were classified into the elderly group(≥65 years)and the non-elderly group(<65 years), and the clinicopathological differences between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 207 IMN patients were included in the study, with a male to female ratio of 1.7∶1.0.There were 56 patients in the elderly group, aged(68.2±3.1)years, and 151 patients in the non-elderly group, aged(48.2±6.2)years.Compared with the non-elderly group, the elderly group had a longer time from onset to renal biopsy and a higher proportion of patients with renal insufficiency and hypertension( P<0.05). The elderly group had a lower eGFR, lower serum albumin, higher serum cholesterol, and higher low-density lipoprotein than the non-elderly group( P<0.05). The proportions of patients with glomerulosclerosis, renal tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in the elderly group were higher than in the non-elderly group( P<0.05). The positive rates of glomerular PLA2R antigen staining in the two groups were 90.6%(29/32)and 91.0%(111/122), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.IgG4 deposition represented the most common IgG subtype, with 93.8%(30/32)in the elderly group and 94.3%(115/122)in the non-elderly group.There was no statistical significance between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with non-elderly IMN patients, a higher proportion of elderly IMN patients has renal insufficiency, hypertension and chronic renal pathology.The glomerular deposition of pathogenic antigens in elderly IMN patients was similar to that in non-elderly IMN patients, suggesting no difference in pathogenesis between the two groups.The clinicopathological differences between the two groups may be related to age and complications.

Investigating the influence of moxibustion on colonic mucosal barrier in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion on the colonic mucosal barrier of rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a modeling group, with 20 rats in each group. Rats in the modeling group were subjected to preparing experimental UC models by drinking 4％ DSS for seven consecutive days. Two modeled rats and two normal rats were randomly selected for model identification. After the success of UC model was confirmed, the remaining 18 modeled rats were randomly divided into three groups, a model group, a model + herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, and a model + mild moxibustion group, with six rats in each group; the remaining normal rats were randomly divided into three groups, a normal group, a normal + herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, and a normal + mild moxibustion group, with six rats in each group. After 7 d of intervention with the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion or the mild moxibustion, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining technique was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissue under a light microscope; Western blotting and/or immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the protein expression levels of Occludin, Claudin, junction adhesion molecular 1 (JAM1), mucin 2 (MUC2), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) in rat colon tissue. Results: Compared with the normal group, the colon tissue was severely damaged, the pathological score was significantly increased, and the protein expression levels of Occludin, Claudin, JAM1, MUC2, and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01); while there were no significant differences in the colonic histopathological score, protein expression levels of Occludin, Claudin, JAM1, MUC2, and TGF-β1 in the normal + herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the normal + mild moxibustion group (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the model + herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the model + mild moxibustion group showed repaired colon tissue, ulcer healing, significantly reduced pathological score, and significantly increased protein expression levels of JAM1, MUC2, and TGF-β1 (P<0.05); the Occludin protein expression level in the colon tissue of the model + mild moxibustion group was increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Neither herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion nor mild moxibustion influences the colonic histopathology and intestinal mucosal barrier-related protein expression in the normal rats; both herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and mild moxibustion can up-regulate the protein expression levels of JAM1, MUC2, and TGF-β1 in the colon tissue of UC rats. Mild moxibustion can up-regulate Occludin protein expression. This may be a mechanism of moxibustion in reducing colonic mucosa inflammation in UC.

Application Advantages of Nanoemulsion in Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a new technology with unique drug delivery advantages， nanoemulsion has been widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） preparations. By searching， classifying and sorting out the literature reports at home and abroad in recent years， this paper systematically expounded the application advantages and production mechanism of nanoemulsion in delivering effective components of TCM from three aspects of improving oral bioavailability， enhancing targeting effect and delaying drug release. The current formulation optimization strategies， preparation processes and quality evaluation indicators commonly used in TCM nanoemulsion were summarized. Based on the research status of TCM nanoemulsion with different active components， the common problems and possible solutions in the development of TCM nanoemulsion were discussed， and the future research hotspots and directions of TCM nanoemulsion were prospected. This article clarifies the feasibility of nanoemulsion for enriching the selection of TCM dosage forms， which can provide reference for the subsequent rational design and improvement of TCM preparations. At the same time， it is revealed that the research focus of TCM nanoemulsion in the future lies in the integrated research of TCM compounds， and shows a trend of multi-disciplinary joint and targeted research.

Review of systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To review the systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide evidence for clinical decisions. Methods: Published systematic reviews targeting acupuncture treatment of DPN were searched using computer through both Chinese and English databases till July 1, 2019. Two researchers screened the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted report quality evaluation, methodological quality assessment and evidence quality grading using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), assessment of multiple systematic review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Results: Ten systematic reviews were included, involving 11 outcome measures. According to PRISMA, 6 items were sufficiently reported while 1 item was not; AMSTAR 2 appraised that all the included systematic reviews were of low quality in the methodological evaluation; according to GRADE, of the 30 clinical evidences, only 5 were graded moderate while the remained were graded low or extremely low. Descriptive analysis showed that acupuncture can significantly improve DPN symptoms, accelerate the conduction velocities of sensory and motor nerves, and up-regulate the content of plasma nitric oxide (NO), while the adverse reaction rate was low. Conclusion: Acupuncture can produce satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating DPN, but the existing problems, such as low-quality evidence, unitary outcome measures, poor methodological quality of systematic reviews and nonstandard reporting, need to be treated cautiously; meanwhile, more high-quality clinical trials are required to elevate the level of evidence.

Effects of moxibustion on the P2X7R/STAT3/VEGF pathway in rats with colitis-associated colon cancer / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion and ginger-partitioned moxibustion on the growth of colon tumors in rats with colitis-associated colon cancer (CACC), and explore the mechanism of moxibustion intervening CACC through the purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7R)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Methods: A total of 26 male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. According to the random number table method, 6 rats were selected as the normal group. The remaining 20 rats were injected intraperitoneally with azoxymethane (AOM) combined with oral dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to prepare the CACC model. After the model was successfully established, 2 rats were randomly selected for model identification. The remaining 18 rats which were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a model group, a herb-partitioned moxibustion group and a ginger-partitioned moxibustion group, with 6 rats in each group. Moxibustion intervention was performed in the herb-partitioned moxibustion group and the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group at Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25). Moxibustion was performed twice at each point each time, once a day, at a 1-day interval after 6 consecutive interventions, for a total of 30 interventions. After intervention, the colon tumor load, pathological change and histopathological score were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of VEGF, P2X7R, phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins in rat colon tissue. Western blot was used to detect the levels of p-STAT3 and NF-κB p65 proteins in rat colon tissue. Results: Compared with the normal group, the colon tumor load and histopathological score in the model group were significantly increased (both P<0.001), and different grades of dysplasia were observed in colon tissue from the model group, reaching the degree of adenocarcinoma; the expression level of P2X7R protein in colon tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.001), and the expression levels of p-STAT3, NF-κB p65 and VEGF proteins were significantly increased (all P<0.001) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the colon tumor load, colon histopathological score and the levels of p-STAT3, NF-κB p65 and VEGF proteins in colon tissue were significantly decreased (all P<0.05) in the herb-partitioned moxibustion group and the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group while the expression levels of P2X7R protein in colon tissue were significantly increased (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Both herb-partitioned moxibustion and ginger-partitioned moxibustion can reduce the colon tumor load in CACC rats and delay the progression of colon adenomas. The mechanism may be mediated by the P2X7R/STAT3 pathway to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby reducing VEGF protein expression.

[Mechanism and experimental verification of Sijunzi Decoction in treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology].

To explore the mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) based on network pharmacology. The active components and corresponding targets of Sijunzi Decoction were extracted with Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the targets were standardized with the help of Uniprot database. The related targets of UC were obtained through GeneCards database and Disgenet database, and the intersection targets of drugs and diseases were screened by R language. The visual regulation network of "active ingredient-disease target" of Sijunzi Decoction was constructed by Cytoscape software, and the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. The functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology(GO) and the enrichment analysis of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway were carried out on Bioconductor platform, and some of the targets were verified by animal experiments. Through database analysis, a total of 135 active components of Sijunzi Decoction, 114 predicted targets and 80 common targets with UC were obtained. The core target proteins included interleukin 6(IL-6), caspase-3(CASP3), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and so on. GO functional enrichment analysis involved 102 items, which mainly affected transcription factor activity, enzyme activity, receptor activity and biochemical process regulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 120 items were involved in human cytomegalovirus infection, cancer, apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways. Mouse experiments showed that Sijunzi Decoction could down-regulate the expression of target proteins IL-6 and caspase-3 and inhibit intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. The treatment of UC with Sijunzi Decoction is the result of the interaction among multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. It is proved by experiments that Sijunzi Decoction may play an effective role by regulating the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3, and getting involved in apoptosis, inflammation and other pathways.

Meta-analysis of Ganmao Qingre Granules in treatment of children with wind-cold syndrome / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ganmao Qingre Granules in treatment of children with wind-cold syndrome. The study systematically retrieved CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library for children cases with wind-cold syndrome treated with RCT. The literature inclusion criteria provided by Cochrane was used to evaluate the litera-ture quality, and Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 6 literatures were included, with a total sample size of 492 cases, including 246 cases in the experimental group and 246 cases in the control group. According to the results of Meta-analysis, the experimental group recorded the hypothermia time(MD=-0.38, 95%CI[-0.53,-0.23], P<0.01), the total clinical effective rate(RR=1.25, 95%CI[1.15, 1.36], P<0.01), the cough relief time(MD=-2.75, 95%CI[-3.05,-2.46], P<0.01), the decrease nasal congestion relief time(MD=-1.45, 95%CI[-1.69,-1.22], P<0.01), traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score(MD=-8.35, 95%CI[-9.35,-7.36], P<0.01), all of them were superior to those of the control group(Aminophenol Huangnamin Granules), with statistically significant differences. Only 2 literatures mentioned no obvious adverse reaction, and the other 4 literatures did not mention any adverse reactions. Based on the results of this study, it was indicated that Ganmao Qingre Granules were effective in the treatment of children with wind-cold syndrome, but with unclear adverse reactions. Due to the insufficient quantity and low quality of included literatures, the efficacy and safety need to be further confirmed by more high-quality clinical studies.

Application and practice of intelligent technology in the inheritance of famous doctors / 国际中医中药杂志

With the rapid development of science and technology, more creative methods have been applied to the inheritance mode of traditional Chinese medicine, such as studying the inheritance process of famous doctorsin an objective and rigorous way. The bottleneck of information transmission from famous doctors is to collect data, process data, apply algorithms, analyze and summarize data. The integration of artificial intelligence and big data deep learning algorithm knowledge mapping technology and other technical methods has brought technological innovation for the inheritance of famous doctors. With such development, the team of the research center of TCM grand health intelligence, Institute of Information on Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, has carried out a series of professional application system research in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, centering on the planning and inheritance of famous doctors. We developed the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform, medical big data analysis platform, cloud medical APP, and famous doctor inheritance workstation. In such way, the problems were solved of low efficiency of medical case collection and the lack of objective data support and information barriers in the experience summary of famous doctors. The artificial intelligence techniques are to promote the inheritance of famous doctors' experience and improve the teaching ability and efficiency.

Research on Medication Rules of Depression Syndrome Based on Ancient Medical Records / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To analyze and excavate the medication rules of ancient physicians in the treatment of depression syndrome, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of depression syndrome. Method::The ancient medical records of depression syndrome sorted out in Yian Leiju were retrieved and collated, the data of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions in medical records were extracted, the obtained data of TCMs in prescriptions were standardized, and the data mining function of the ancient and modern medical records cloud platform V1.5 was adopted to carry out frequency statistics, cluster analysis, association analysis and complex network analysis of TCM data, the common drugs used by ancient physicians for treatment of depression syndrome, properties and classifications of commonly used medicines, pairs of commonly used medicines and core prescriptions were obtained. Result::After screening, a total of 364 medical cases, 461 visits and 439 prescription data of TCM were included, involving 67 ancient books. A total of 607 Chinese medicines were involved, and the total frequency of medication was 4 127.High frequency medicines included Poria (186 times), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (115 times), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (113 times), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (101 times), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (98 times), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (94 times), etc. The main properties and flavors of commonly used Chinese medicines were warm, flat, bitter and acrid, which were mainly attributed to the four meridians of spleen, lung, heart and liver. Commonly used couplet medicines were Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria, Poria-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria-Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Poria, etc. The core prescription was based on the addition and subtraction of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan. Conclusion::In the treatment of depression syndrome, ancient physicians adopt the principles of invigorating the spleen, nourishing Qi and blood, soothing the liver and regulating Qi, nourishing the heart and tranquilizing the mind, giving consideration to both Qi and blood, and harmonizing the liver, spleen and heart.