RESUMO
Peritoneal dissemination threatens the survival of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Bufalin is an extract of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to have anticancer effect. The target of bufalin in suppressing gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD) and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this research, GC cell line MGC-803 and high-potential peritoneal dissemination cell line MKN-45P were treated with bufalin or L-NAME. Malignant biological behavior and protein level of GC cell lines were detected with MTT, wound healing, transwell, adhesion, and western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis and patient tissues were used to verify the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) in GC. Mice model was used to assess the effect of bufalin and role of NOS3 in vivo. We found that bufalin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration in GC cell lines. NOS3, which was an independent prognostic factor of GC patients, was predicted to be a potential target of bufalin. Further experiments proved that bufalin reduced the phosphorylation of NOS3, thereby inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and ultimately suppressed GCPD by inhibiting EMT process. In conclusion, NOS3 was a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker of GC. Bufalin could suppress GCPD through NOS3-MAPK signaling pathway, which provided more evidence support for intraperitoneal perfusion of bufalin to treat GCPD.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Bufanolídeos/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Neoplasias Peritoneais/genética , Neoplasias Peritoneais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The 5-year survival rate of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can reach 60%. However, nearly half of patients undergo relapse/refractory issues with a survival period of less than 2 years. New therapeutic approaches are therefore needed to improve chemotherapy efficacy and patient survival. Bufalin (BF), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has been reported to play an anticancer role in multiple cancer cell types. However, there are few reports of the effects of BF on the growth of DLBCL. In the present study, we demonstrated that BF exerts antitumor activity in DLBCL cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of DLBCL cells with BF resulted in increased proliferation and apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg BF significantly delayed DLBCL xenograft growth in NOD/SCID mice without affecting body weight. Bioinformatics analysis showed that BF may regulate NFATC1 protein and affect expression of its downstream gene, cMYC. Our results suggest that BF can attenuate NFATC1 translocation by reducing the intracellular calcium concentration; BF may also have a low synergistic effect with cyclosporin A. In conclusion, we demonstrated that BF exerts antitumor activity that is mediated at least in part by the Ca2+/NFATC1/cMYC pathway. Our findings suggest that BF can be effectively applied as a novel potential therapeutic agent for DLBCL.