Identification of Ingol and Rhamnofolane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia resinifera and Their Abilities to Induce Lysosomal Biosynthesis.

The phytochemical study of Euphorbia resinifera afforded 18 structurally diverse diterpenoids, including 14 new ingol-type diterpenoids, euphorblins A-N (1-14), a new rhamnofolane diterpenoid, euphorblin O (15), and three known analogues (16-18). The structures of these compounds were deduced using 2D NMR spectroscopy and NOE experiments. The structure of compound 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The abilities of the compounds to enhance lysosomal biosynthesis were evaluated through LysoTracker Red staining. Among the 10 active compounds, compounds 2, 4, and 18 showed remarkable immunofluorescence strength, and their LysoTracker staining intensities were 155.9%, 143.5%, and 140.7%, respectively, greater than that of the control. A series of lysosomal genes were also found to be upregulated by these compounds, which further confirms their ability to induce lysosome biosynthesis and suggests that these diterpenoids have potential as lead compounds for the development of drugs for the treatment of lysosome-related diseases.

Two new kaurane-type diterpenoids from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr.

Two new kaurane-type diterpenoids, 3α-(angeloyloxy)-17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (1) and 3α-(tigloyloxy)-17-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid (2), along with 10 known compounds (3-12) were isolated from the whole plant of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS and NMR) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3 and 4 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC29213 with MIC50 19.35 and 18.31 µg/mL, respectively.