Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Combined with Integrated Learning to Identify Soybean Oil with Different Frying Durations.

Soybean oil produces harmful substances after long durations of frying. A rapid and nondestructive identification approach for soybean oil was proposed based on photoacoustic spectroscopy and stacking integrated learning. Firstly, a self-designed photoacoustic spectrometer was built for spectral data collection of soybean oil with various frying times. At the same time, the actual free fatty acid content and acid value in soybean oil were measured by the traditional titration experiment, which were the basis for soybean oil quality detection. Next, to eliminate the influence of noise, the spectrum from 1150 cm-1 to 3450 cm-1 was selected to remove noise by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Then three dimensionality reduction methods of principal component analysis, successive projection algorithm, and competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm were used to reduce the dimension of spectral information to extract the characteristic wavelength. Finally, an integrated model with three weak classifications was used for soybean oil detection by stacking integrated learning. The results showed that three obvious absorption peaks existed at 1747 cm-1, 2858 cm-1, and 2927 cm-1 for soluble sugars and unsaturated oils, and the model based on stacking integrated learning could improve the classification accuracy from 0.9499 to 0.9846. The results prove that photoacoustic spectroscopy has a good detection ability for edible oil quality detection.

Annotation of porcine milk oligosaccharides throughout lactation by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time of flight tandem mass spectrometry.

Swine plays a significant role in livestock agriculture. As a linkage between sows and piglets, porcine milk is crucial for the health of newborn piglets. Free milk oligosaccharides (MOs) are kinds of important bioactive substance in mammalian milk. However, little is known about the component and function of the porcine MOs (PMOs). In this study, a hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-Q-TOF MS) system was utilized to profile the PMOs. Forty-one distinct PMOs were identified totally in three breeds of sows. The PMOs were highly sialylated (∼30%) and fucosylated PMOs (1-3%) were monitored at low levels. The most abundant oligosaccharide was a trisaccharide (Hex3 ) which contributed over 50% of the total PMOs abundance. Comparison of free MOs profiles revealed heterogeneity and variations among individuals and different breeds of sows, however, the MOs variation among breeds was limited even minor than that among individuals. Furthermore, most PMOs contents were higher in colostrum and decreased in the early lactation, but a few kinds increased at last. Different oligosaccharides had different patterns during lactation. Overall, these observations showed a more detailed PMOs library and would contribute to the exploration of influence of PMOs on piglets' health.

Implanted electro-acupuncture electric stimulation improves outcome of stem cells' transplantation in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious disorders in clinics, and the high disability rate and functional deficits are common issues in patients. Transplantation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into the injured spinal cord is emerging as a novel method in the therapeutics of SCI; however, its application is limited by the poor survival rate of the transplanted cells and low differentiation rate into neurons. Our laboratory recently reported that electrical stimulation (ES) dramatically improves the survival rate of transplanted BMSCs and increases spinal cord functions in animals with spinal cord injury. In this paper, we asked whether implanted electro-acupuncture (iEA) can advance the beneficial effects from the ES treatment in animals with spinal cord injury. We showed that BMSCs transplantation alone resulted in significant functional recovery in animals. Interestingly, iEA with BMSCs treatment induced a significantly higher functional improvement in locomotor functions and SSEP compared to the BMSCs treatment alone. Additionally, we used molecular biology techniques and showed that BMSCs transplantation with iEA treatment significantly increased the number of surviving BMSCs compared to the BMSCs alone group. In conclusion, our experiment showed that the approach of coupling iEA electric stimulation and BMSCs transplantation remarkably promotes functional improvements in animals with spinal cord injury and holds promising potential to treat spinal cord injury in humans.

[Serum and lung tissue selenium measurements in subjects with lung cancer from Xuanwei, China].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Xuanwei is an area of the highest incidence and mortality with lung cancer in China. The aim of this study is to determine serum selenium concentrations in lung cancer patients from Xuanwei as well as selenium levels of cancerous tissues, cancer-adjacent pulmonary tissues, and normal pulmonary lung tissues from lung cancer patients, and the relationship between selenium and the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. METHODS: One hundred and twenty female adults from Xuanwei were enrolled in the study (60 lung cancer patients and 60 with non-tumor and non-respiratory diseases, respectively) and blood samples were collected. Sixty fresh cancerous tissues and their adjacent as well as normal tissues were collected (31 samples from lung cancer patients living in Xuanwei for more than 2 years and 29 from patients in other regions of Yunnan Province outside of Xuanwei, respectively). Serum and tissue selenium concentrations were assayed using a fluorometric method. RESULTS: Women with lung cancer had a mean serum selenium value (55.22 µg/L±13.34 µg/L) of averagely 8.47%, significantly lower than that in subjects with non-tumor and non-respiratory disease controls (60.33 µg/L±13.82 µg/L)(P < 0.05). Selenium concentrations in the tumor tissues (0.105 µg/g±0.034 µg/g) were statistically lower than that of normal ones (0.140 µg/g±0.048 µg/g)(P < 0.05) from lung cancer patients in Xuanwei. Statistical differences had not been found between the cases from Xuanwei and non-Xuanwei district, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, among Stage I, Stage II, stage III groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum selenium state was negatively related to the incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. It was likely that lower selenium level of lung tissues was potential risk factor to lead to lung cancer.

[Therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Vein Chemotherapy and Bronchial Arterial Infusion Combining with CIKs on III Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.].

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic efficacy of late lung-cancer was very poor, and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) were paid more attention to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to get insight into the role of bronchial arterial infusion bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) plus CIK about NSCLC by comparing therapeutic efficacy among BAI, traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus CIK, for late NSCLC. METHODS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study, dividing randomly into three groups: bronchial arterial infusion (BAI), traditional vein chemotherapy and BAI plus CIK. Clinical effects and side effects were estimated after two period of therapy. RESULTS: The effective rate (CR+PR%) of combined group is higher than the traditional vein chemotherapy group (66.67%, n=39) and there are significant differences (Chi-square=4.721, P=0.03); The side effect of rate of BAI plus CIK group is significantly lower than the traditional vein chemotherapy group, and so did the non-bone marrow inhibition side effects (P<0.05). The tumor progression rate (PD%) of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) group is higher than combined group (Chi-square=4.287, P=0.038). There was no difference between the traditional vein chemotherapy group and combined group (Chi-square=0.082, P=0.775). CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial Artery Infusion combined with cytokine-induced killer cells is an ideal, safety, effective comprehensive treatment method for late stage lung cancer.