RESUMO
Climate change profoundly influences the geospatial distribution of secondary metabolites and causes the geographical migration of plants. We planted seedlings of the same species in eighteen ecological regions along a latitudinal gradient in eastern and western China, in order to explore the regulation of multi-climatic factors on active ingredient accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The correlations between six active ingredient contents and ten climatic factors were investigated to clarify their relationships. We found that climatic factors not only regulated active ingredient contents but also markedly influenced their composition and led to a specific geospatial distribution of these active ingredients in China. The main climatic factors include the air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric vapour pressure and sunshine duration. Future warming in high-latitude regions could cause continued northward expansion of planting areas suitable for S. miltiorrhiza. The effect of extreme climatic conditions on active ingredients should not be overlooked. The findings of this study can help farmers scientifically choose suitable cultivation regions in the future. Furthermore, this study provides an innovative idea for the exploration of secondary metabolic responses to changing ecological factors in medicinal plants.
Assuntos
Clima , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , Salvia miltiorrhiza , China , Geografia , Metabolômica/métodos , Dinâmica Populacional , Salvia miltiorrhiza/químicaRESUMO
Replanting disease is a major factor limiting the artificial cultivation of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. At present, little information is available regarding the role of miRNAs in response to replanting disease. In this study, two small RNA libraries obtained from first-year (FPR) and second-year plant (SPR) roots were subjected to a high-throughput sequencing method. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 110 known and 7 novel miRNAs were annotated in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Moreover, 39 known and 2 novel miRNAs were identified and validated for differential expression in FPR compared with SPR. Thirty-one of these miRNAs were further analyzed by qRT-PCR, which revealed that 5 miRNAs negatively regulated the expression levels of 7 target genes involved in root development or stress responses. This study not only provides novel insights into the miRNA content of S. miltiorrhiza in response to replanting disease but also demonstrates that 5 miRNAs may be involved in these responses. Interactions among the differentially expressed miRNAs with their targets may form an important component of the molecular basis of replanting disease in S. miltiorrhiza.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , RNA de Plantas/genética , Salvia miltiorrhiza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salvia miltiorrhiza/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Melhoramento Vegetal , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most important and popular plant of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge f. alb have also been reported to have the same therapeutic effects as S. miltiorrhiza. To better distinguish between these species, the phytochemical profiles of three Salvia species were investigated by liquid chromatography. All the Salvia species were good sources of tanshinones, with the contents of phenolics being high in S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza f. alb, but not in S. castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. These results pave the way for a better phytotherapy exploitation of these plants.