Dietary Zinc-Loaded Montmorillonite Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Diarrhea, Intestinal Barrier Function and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets.

This experiment was conducted to investigate whether low-dose zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Zn-MMT) could be used as a potential alternative for high-dose conventional ZnO in preventing diarrhea in weaned piglets. In total, 180 piglets were randomly divided to receive either of the three treatments, with six replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. The treatments were the control group (CT), the Zn-MMT group (ZM), and the ZnO group (ZO). Compared with the CT group, the ZM and ZO groups exhibited increased ADG at 14-28 days and during the whole period (p < 0.05), and a significantly decreased diarrhea rate during the whole period (p < 0.01). The activities of T-AOC and SOD were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the MDA level decreased (p < 0.05) in the serum and colonic mucosa of Zn-MMT- and ZnO-fed piglets. Dietary supplementation with Zn-MMT and ZnO decreased the contents of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, DAO, and LPS in the serum and colonic mucosa (p < 0.01), and increased the IL-10 level (p < 0.01). The relative mRNA expressions of TLR-4, claudin 2, Pbd1, and MUC2 were elevated in the colonic mucosa of the Zn-MMT and ZnO groups (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that the abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the ileum and the populations of Ruminnococcus and Faecalibacterium in the cecum were higher in the CT group than in the other two groups. Collectively, dietary addition of Zn from Zn-MMT was comparable to Zn from ZnO for increasing growth performance, alleviating diarrhea, as well as improving mucosal barrier integrity, and regulating the gut microbiota of weaned piglets.

Soy protein isolate-polyguluronate nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol for effective treatment of colitis.

Polyguluronate (PG) is an acidic homopolymer of α-(1,4)-l-guluronate separated from alginate. In this study, PG was first grafted with soy protein isolate (SPI) through the Maillard reaction to obtain a new glycoprotein (SPI-PG). Then, this novel glycoprotein was used to prepare nanoparticles to encapsulate the resveratrol (RES). Our results showed that SPI-PG-RES had better pH stability, storage stability and ionic stability than SPI-RES. In vitro digestion experiments showed that the RES bioavailability of SPI-PG-RES was much higher than that of free RES and SPI-RES. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant capacity of SPI-PG-RES was much stronger than that of free RES and SPI-RES. In addition, SPI-PG-RES was more effective in preventing the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis than RES and SPI-RES. These results suggested that the protein nanoparticles prepared using SPI-PG were a stable and effective hydrophobic polyphenol carrier and could be applied to food-grade components in functional foods and nutritional supplements.

Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule Promotes Myelin Repair by Modulating the Transformation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes In Vivo and In Vitro.

Background/Aims. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) primarily hallmarked by neuroinflammation and demyelination. The activation of astrocytes exerts double-edged sword effects, which perform an integral function in demyelination and remyelination. In this research, we examined the therapeutic effects of the Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYS), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, in a cuprizone- (CPZ-) triggered demyelination model of MS (CPZ mice). This research intended to evaluate if BSYS might promote remyelination by shifting A1 astrocytes to A2 astrocytes. Methods. The effects of BSYS on astrocyte polarization and the potential mechanisms were explored in vitro and in vivo utilizing real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Histopathology, expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ß, and IL-6), growth factors (TGF-ß, BDNF), and motor coordination were assessed to verify the effects of BSYS (3.02 g/kg/d) on CPZ mice. In vitro, A1 astrocytes were induced by TNF-α (30 ng/mL), IL-1α (3 ng/mL), and C1q (400 ng/mL), following which the effect of BSYS-containing serum (concentration of 15%) on the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes was also evaluated. Results and Conclusions. BSYS treatment improved motor function in CPZ mice as assessed by rotarod tests. Intragastric administration of BSYS considerably lowered the proportion of A1 astrocytes, but the number of A2 astrocytes, MOG+, PLP+, CNPase+, and MBP+ cells was upregulated. Meanwhile, dysregulation of glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was reversed in CPZ mice after treatment with BSYS. In addition, the lesion area and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased and neuronal protection factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased. In vitro, BSYS-containing serum suppressed the A1 astrocytic markers' expression and elevated the expression levels of A2 markers in primary astrocytes triggered by C1q, TNF-α, and IL-1α. Importantly, the miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway was involved in the modulation of the A1/A2 phenotype shift. Overall, this study demonstrated that BSYS has neuroprotective effects in myelin repair by modulating astrocyte polarization via the miR-155/SOCS1 pathway.

Study on the Anti-demyelination Mechanism of Bu-Shen-Yi-Sui Capsule in the Central Nervous System Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.

Methods: The potential active ingredients and corresponding potential targets of BSYS Capsule were obtained from the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, Swiss Target Prediction platform, and literature research. Disease targets of CNSD were explored through the GeneCards and the DisGeNET databases. The matching targets of BSYS in CNSD were identified from a Venn diagram. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using bioinformatics methods. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the mechanisms of BSYS. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of BSYS were evaluated using a cell model of hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced cell death in OLN-93 cells. Results: A total of 59 potential bioactive components of BSYS Capsule and 227 intersection targets were obtained. Topological analysis showed that AKT had the highest connectivity degrees in the PPI network. Enrichment analysis revealed that the targets of BSYS in the treatment of CNSD were the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathway, among other pathways. GO analysis results showed that the targets were associated with various biological processes, including apoptosis, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and response to oxidative stress, among others. The experimental results demonstrated that BSYS drug-containing serum alleviated the H2O2-induced increase in LDH, MDA, and ROS levels and reversed the decrease in SOD and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H2O2. BSYS treatment also decreased the number of TUNEL (+) cells, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, and upregulated Bax and c-caspase-3 expression by promoting Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion: BSYS Capsule alleviated H2O2-induced OLN-93 cell injury by increasing Akt phosphorylation to suppress oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Therefore, BSYS can be potentially used for CNSD treatment. However, the results of this study are only derived from in vitro experiments, lacking the validation of in vivo animal models, which is a limitation of our study. We will further verify the underlying mechanisms of BSYS in animal experiments in the future.

Relative Bioavailability of Broiler Chickens Fed with Zinc Hydroxychloride and Sulfate Sources for Corn-Soybean Meal.

This study was conducted to determine relative bioavailability (RBV) of basic zinc chloride (BZC) compared to zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZSM) for broilers. A randomized design involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of the different treatment regimens plus one negative control was set up for this study. A total of 630 newly hatched male AA broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 42 different pens (15 chickens/pen) and assigned to 7 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The diet was supplemented with 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg of Zn mg/kg of feed in the form of ZSM or BZC. The results showed that zinc supplementation altered average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05) for both zinc sources. It was observed that the weight gain increased linearly (P < 0.01) and FCR decreased linearly as dietary BZC and ZSM concentration increased. Moreover, compared with chickens fed with ZSM, chickens fed with BZC had higher ADG and lower FCR from days 0 to 14 (P < 0.05), and higher activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.05), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (P < 0.01) in the plasma of chickens fed with BZC at zinc level 80 mg/kg at day 14. The pancreas divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) mRNA expression of chickens fed with BZC was found to be significantly enhanced at day 28, and the pancreas metallothionein (MT) mRNA expression for BZC fed group was also markedly increased at Zn levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively. The relative bioavailability (RBV) of BZC (Zn sulfate 100%) based on ADG in the starter phase was 110.82%, whereas the tibia zinc content, as well as the activities of plasma ALP and CuZn-SOD, and the pancreas MT mRNA level were in the range between 108 and 119%. It was thus concluded that BZC was more efficacious than Zn sulfate and could serve as a potentially novel zinc source in the broilers.

A preliminary study on the improved efficacy of mesalazine combined with vitamin D 3 in ulcerative colitis / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To analyze the influence of vitamin D 3 supplementation on the clinical efficacy of mesalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods:From January 2015 to December 2020, patients with mild-to-moderate active UC were retrospectively and continuously enrolled, who accepted mesalazine treatment for at least 12 months at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. According to simultaneous supplement of vitamin D 3 (125 IU/d), the patients were divided into study group and control group. Demographic and disease characteristics, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels and other information were collected through retrieving hospital database. Student′s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were applied for comparison of disease characteristics. The changes of modified Mayo scores[ΔMayo] and 25(OH)D[Δ25(OH)D] were compared before and after treatment by paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Chi-square test. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the independent factors affecting ΔMayo and Δ25(OH)D, and variables with P-values less than 0.20 in the univariate analysis were allowed for further multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 74 UC patients (44 males, 30 females), with median age (range) 39.5 (20-76) years old, were analyzed and respectively assigned into study group ( n=36) and control group ( n=38). In study group, the average level of serum 25(OH)D was significantly increased at month 12 compared with that at baseline [(22.87±7.30) μg/L vs. (18.15±7.48) μg/L, P<0.001]. However, no significant elevation of serum 25(OH)D was found in control group [(19.17±8.49) μg/L vs. (19.82±9.47) μg/L, P=0.466]. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease of modified Mayo score [-3(-4.75, -1.25) vs.-2(-3.25, 0), P=0.034] and a higher clinical remission rate (55.6% vs. 28.9%, P=0.020) at month 12 in study group than those in control group. In addition, according to the baseline level of serum 25(OH)D before mesalazine treatment, 74 UC patients were divided into vitamin D deficiency group ( n=38, serum 25(OH)D<20 μg/L) and non-deficiency group ( n=36, serum 25(OH)D≥20 μg/L). At month 12 in vitamin D deficiency group, patients with vitamin D3 supplementation had a greater decline in modified Mayo score [-4(-5.75, -2) vs.-2(-4, 0), P=0.048] and a higher clinical remission rate (60.0% vs. 22.2%, P=0.019) compared with those without. Conclusions:In patients with mild-to-moderate active UC receiving mesalazine treatment, vitamin D3 supplementation may improve the clinical efficacy, especially in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical remission in patients with Crohn′s disease treated with infliximab / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical remission of patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) in the treatment of infliximab (IFX).Methods:From January 2014 to January 2020, 73 patients with initial moderate to severe CD (50 patients with vitamin D deficiency (the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)<50 nmol/L)) receiving IFX treatment at Department of Gastroenterology were screened from the clinical database of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) was applied to evaluate the disease activity of CD patients. All the patients underwent IFX treatment (5 mg/kg) for at least 54 weeks. According to whether vitamin D3 (125 U/d) was supplemented during IFX treatment, the patients were divided into supplemented group ( n=37) and non-supplemented group ( n=36). In supplemented group, the level of 25(OH) D of patients at the 54th week was compared with that before IFX treatment. At the 54th week, the clinical remission rate and decline range of HBI were compared between supplemented group and non-supplemented group. And the influencing factors of clinical remission rate were analyzed in CD patients. Paired t test, independent sample t test, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:In supplemented group, the level of serum 25(OH)D at the 54th week was higher than that before IFX treatment ((50.83±15.45) nmol/L vs. (37.68±16.75) nmol/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.55, P<0.001). At the 54th week, the clinical remission rate of supplemented group was higher than that of non-supplemented group (83.8%, 31/37 vs. 61.1%, 22/36), the decline range of HBI was larger than that of non-supplemented group (7.41±3.00 vs. 6.28±2.75), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.71, t=2.41; P=0.030 and 0.023). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D3 supplementation was an independent factor affecting the clinical remission rate in CD patients ( n=73) and the patients with vitamin D deficiency ( n=50) ( b= -1.67 and -1.92 , P=0.015 and 0.019). Conclusions:Vitamin D3 supplementation can significantly improve the clinical remission rate in CD patients with IFX treatment, especially in CD patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Contributions and strategies of eco-agriculture of Chinese medicine services for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality / 中国中药杂志

Carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality have become hot issues of political and economic activities in China and abroad. The structure and development of various industries in China will be profoundly affected in the process of accomplishing "Dual Carbon" goals. Eco-agriculture of Chinese medicine(EACM) highlights the balance and sustainable development of the ecosystem while producing high-quality medicinal materials. With chemically synthesized fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators prohibited, EACM emphasizes the recycling of agricultural and sideline products and the reduction of waste output, which results in the minimal negative impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, it is typical agriculture with low-carbon sources and high-carbon sinks. This study reviewed the mechanism and potential of EACM in carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, analyzed the specific ways of EACM in reducing carbon sources and increasing carbon sinks based on the typical ecological planting pattern, and proposed the point of view to strengthen EACM as well as the "Dual Carbon" theory and research methods, so as to direct low-carbon and efficient deve-lopment. Furthermore, this study advocated to comprehensively promote the transformation of Chinese medicine production from chemical agriculture to eco-agriculture to improve the comprehensive benefits of contribution rate of carbon neutrality, explore and establish carbon sink compensation mechanism to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of EACM, and strengthen the training of EACM and "Dual Carbon" theory and technologies to continuously improve the capacity of EACM in sustainable development. This study is expected to provide a reference for the development of ecological functions in EACM and the development of economic functions through ecological functions.

Ding's herbal enema treats dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and maintaining the Treg/Th17 cell balance.

Ding's herbal enema (DHEP) is a traditional Chinese medicinal therapy that has been used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. The present study determined the molecular mechanism of the effect of DHEP in UC treatment. C57BL/6J mice were treated with 3.5% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days to establish an animal model of colitis. The mice were divided into five groups (n=5): Control, vehicle, DHEP, mesalazine and ß-sitosterol. After oral administration for 7 days, the body weight, disease activity index, histopathology and inflammatory factors were analyzed. The fractions of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and CD4+IL-17A+ T helper (Th) cells were determined by flow cytometry. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. The results revealed that DHEP and ß-sitosterol could significantly alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced UC. Furthermore, the levels of IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α and p65 were reduced after administration of DHEP. Additionally, the data indicated that DHEP could increase the abundance of seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and decrease the abundance of 12 OTUs in the gut microbiota. The content of short-chain fatty acids in the colon remodeled the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in DSS-induced UC in mice. The present study preliminarily defined the mechanism of action of DHEP in UC that may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota composition, and maintenance of the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Furthermore, ß-sitosterol exhibited the same effects with DHEP and it could be a possible substitute for DHEP in UC treatment.

Fabrication of chitosan-gallic acid conjugate for improvement of physicochemical stability of ß-carotene nanoemulsion: Impact of Mw of chitosan.

In this research, three various Mw of chitosan (CS)-gallic acid (GA) conjugates were synthesized, characterized, and used for improvement of physicochemical stability of ß-carotene (BC) nanoemulsion (NE) by layer-by-layer technique. GA conjugation degrees were in the following order: HCS (125.6 mg/g) > MCS (102.3 mg/g) > LCS (74.6 mg/g) at GA:CS mass ratio of 0.5:1. Three varying Mw of CS-GA conjugates exhibited pronouncedly higher antioxidant abilities than native CS. For native CS, antioxidant abilities increased with the decrease of Mw. However, HCS-GA conjugate showed the highest antioxidant activity, due to the higher GA conjugation degrees and decreased intramolecular hydrogen bonds and crystallinity in HCS-GA conjugate. CS-GA conjugates substantially improved BC chemical stability in NE than CS and BC retentions were in the following order: HCS-GA (76.8%) > MCS-GA (68.3%) > LCS-GA (53.4%) after 30 days storage. The results obtained may provide some useful information for the applications of CS-GA conjugates for nutraceuticals stabilization in food systems.

Optimization of preparation conditions and in vitro sustained-release evaluation of a novel nanoemulsion encapsulating unsaturated guluronate oligosaccharide.

Unsaturated guluronate oligosaccharide (GOS) was prepared from alginate-derived homopolymeric blocks of guluronic acid by alginate lyase-mediated depolymerization. In this study, a GOS-based water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) nanoemulsion was prepared, and different influencing factors were investigated. First, linseed oil was selected as the optimal carrier oil. Then, other optimal conditions of the GOS nanoemulsion were determined based on response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the obtained GOS nanoemulsion showed a spherical structure with an average particle size of 273.93 ±â€¯8.91 nm, and its centrifugal stability was 91.37 ±â€¯0.45 %. Moreover, the GOS nanoemulsion could achieve the aim of sustained release in vitro and be stably stored at 4°C for at least 5 days. This work prepared a novel GOS-based W1/O/W2 nanoemulsion that may effectively address the storage difficulties of unsaturated GOS and provides a valuable contribution to the application of GOS in the food and medicine fields.

Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation on blood pressure in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous clinical studies have shown controversial results regarding the effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in older individuals. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of inorganic nitrate on BP in older adults. METHODS: Eligible studies were searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Randomized controlled trials which evaluated the effect of inorganic nitrate consumption on BP in older adults were recruited. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes. RESULTS: 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, inorganic nitrate consumption significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by -3.90 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -5.23 to -2.57; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by -2.62 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -3.86 to -1.37; P < 0.005) comparing with the control group. Subgroup analysis showed that the BP was significantly reduced when participants' age≥65, BMI>30, or baseline BP in prehypertension stage. And both SBP and DBP decreased significantly after acute nitrate supplementation of a single dose (<1 day) or more than 1-week. However, participants with hypertension at baseline were not associated with significant changes in both SBP and DBP. Subgroup analysis of measurement methods showed that only the resting BP group showed a significant reduction in SBP and DBP, compared with the 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) group and daily home BP measurement group. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that consuming inorganic nitrate can significantly reduce SBP and DBP in older adults, especially in whose age ≥ 65, BMI＞30, or baseline BP in prehypertension stage.

Evaluation value of iron metabolism disorders in sepsis patients in an intensive care unit / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate iron metabolism disorders in sepsis patients and explore the effect of iron deficiency on mortality.Methods:Patients ( n=130) who were admitted to the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from September 2016 to July 2018 and met the diagnostic criteria of Sepsis 3.0 were selected, and sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers ( n=20) were enrolled as a control group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected in sepsis patients on day 1, 3 and 7 after admission, or in the healthy volunteers upon enrollment, to detect iron metabolism-related indicators and interleukin-6 (IL-6); the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was calculated upon hospital admission. Iron metabolism-related indicators were compared between the groups; the correlation of plasma iron with hemoglobin, hepcidin, ferritin, IL-6, sTFR/log ferritin and the ability of plasma iron to predict 28-day death of sepsis patients were analyzed. Results:Sepsis patients developed significant anemia on day 3 after admission; plasma iron, transferrin, iron saturation, total iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity in the first week of admission were significantly lower than those in the control group; distribution width of red blood cells, ferritin, IL-6, hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor were significantly higher than those in the control group. Distribution width of red blood cells, ferritin and hepcidin on day 3 and 7 after admission, and plasma iron and iron saturation on day 7 after admission were significantly higher than those on day 1. However, total iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding power on day 7, and sTFR/log ferritin on day 3 were significantly lower than those on day 1. Patients in the survival and non-survivor groups in the first week of admission had significant anemia on day 3 and 7, but the anemia was worse in the non-survivor group. Transferrin, total iron binding capacity, and unsaturated iron binding capacity in the non-survivor group in the first week of admission, and plasma iron in the non-survivor group on day 3 and 7, were significantly lower than those in the survival group. Ferritin, IL-6 and hepcidin in the non-survivor group in the first week of admission, and iron saturation on day 7 were significantly higher than those in the survival group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that plasma iron was negatively correlated with IL-6 ( r=-0.391, P<0.01), ferritin ( r=-0.293, P=0.001) and hepcidin ( r=-0.209, P=0.017), but not with hemoglobin ( r=0.005, P=0.958). The area under the operation curve (AUC) for plasma iron for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients was 0.524 (95% CI: 0.416-0.631, P=0.656). Conclusions:Sepsis patients have significant anemia and iron metabolism disorders in the early stage, while non-survival patients are more severe. Reduced plasma iron level has no capacity to predict 28-day mortality of sepsis patients. In addition, decreased plasma iron level is not related to decreased hemoglobin, and thus iron supplementation should be cautious in sepsis patients.

Progress in studies and control strategies for diseases of Coptis chinensis / 中国中药杂志

Coptis chinensis is one of bulk traditional herbal medicines in China. In recent years, the occurrence of various diseases has caused great yield loss and quality reduction of C. chinensis, which has become an important threat of herbal medicine industry. Here we reviewed the symptoms, pathogens, epidemiology and control methods of 6 common diseases of C. chinensis including root rot, southern blight, violet root rot, leaf spot, powdery mildew, and anthracnose. This review aims at providing guidance for the disease diagnostic, pathogen identification, and control strategies of the diseases on C. chinensis, and facilitate the growth of traditional medicine industry.

Analysis of economic benefits of Chinese medicine eco-agriculture based on multiple stakeholders / 中国中药杂志

As the most advanced environment-friendly production model in the international society, ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is the only way for the development of modern agriculture. With the proposal of the declaration on ecolo-gical agriculture of CMM, "Don't grab land from farmland, don't be enemies of grass and insects, don't be afraid of barren slopes and forests, and live up to the green and green mountains", the ecological planting of CMM has blossomed all over the country, and formed a scientific theory, technology and model. Based on the theory and method of economics, this paper expounds the comprehensive benefits and development advantages of ecological agriculture of CMM from the perspectives of farmers(producers), patients(consumers) and the country. From the perspective of medicinal farmers, the input and output income of conventional agriculture and ecological agriculture of CMM such as Panax ginseng, Astragalus propinquus, Atractylodes lancea, and Bupleurum chinense were compared, and it was found that ecological agriculture of CMM had obvious advantages in net income, average annual income and input-output ratio, which could better promote farmers' income. From the perspective of patients, according to the same dose, the content of active ingredients in ecologically planted CMMs is significantly higher than that in conventionally-planted herbs, and the amount of effective substances taken by patients is also higher, so as to achieve better therapeutic effect. At the national level, ecological planting of CMM is the key to ensuring the high-quality development of CMM industry, increasing farmers' income, ensuring the safety of people's drug use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. It is also an important part of realizing the harmonious development of economy, society and environment and promoting ecological civilization. In general, the declaration on ecological agriculture of CMM embo-dies the core characteristics and goals of ecological agriculture, and also points of the path and vision of ecological agriculture of CMM in the future. The declaration will guide production practice, promote the benefit of farmers, and lay the foundation for the sustainable development of CMM industry.

Automatic Framework Acquisition and Visualization Analysis of Ancient Chinese Medicine Literature Relating to Tumor / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To obtain ancient traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）literatures relating to tumor and visual analysis by an automatic framework tool， in order to systematically sort out the development of ancient Chinese medicine oncology. Method:Based on the database platform of ancient TCM books，names of tumor-related diseases in ancient TCM books were retrieved by Selenium WebDriver， an automation framework tool under Python 3.8. Lxml's etree library was used to parse the data. Statistics was made for "classification"， "authors"， "completion time" and "summary" of relevant ancient books automatically. After the data was checked and processed， Tableau 2019.2 software was used for data visualization analysis. And ancient Chinese medicine literatures relating to tumor were consulted at the database manually，with the dynasties as the clue，and the symptoms，etiology，pathogenesis and prognosis as the emphasis，this paper explores the development process of TCM oncology. Result:A total of 774 349 bytes of text data of 1 128 entries in 242 ancient books were included automatically. According to the findings， there were simple classification and time distribution of tumor diseases in ancient TCM books in the pre-Qin period， with a simple view on the pathogenesis of tumor diseases. From the Han dynasty to the Tang dynasty， the number of relevant literature records and the types and disease names had gradually increased，which further enriched the cognition of tumor nature，signs，classification methods，differential diagnosis；in Song and Ming dynasties，the proportion of Chinese prescription books and surgery books had increased gradually，with the largest number of abdominal organ tumor names among all dynasties；from Qing dynasty to the Republic of China，literatures relating to tumor name and classification were the most improved，and then the TCM tumor syndrome differentiation and treatment system had been formed. Conclusion:It was found that TCM oncology originated in the pre-Qin dynasty，and was improved in the Han and Tang dynasties， mature in the Song and Ming dynasties and completed in the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. The data visualization method with integrated automation framework and parsing tools is helpful to analyze the subdivision characteristics of ancient TCM literatures，which is convenient，efficient and innovative，in the expectation to provide a classic reference for contemporary TCM studies.

Exploration and practice of teaching staff incentive development in the clinical teaching reform under the background of medical and educational collaboration / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The sustainable development of the teaching staff is crucial to the overall advancement of medical education reform under the background of medical and educational collaboration. With the support of the Shanghai Key Teachers' Teaching Incentive Program, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has established the interdisciplinary and inter-school teaching teams for undergraduate students and broken though the "last mile" of fully implementing the medical teaching reform of organ-system integrated curriculum in the country. Meanwhile, we also has reformed hourly remuneration system, formulated rules and regulations corresponding to each link, and improved the supervision mechanism, which has consolidated the mechanism of medical and educational collaboration, promoted the development of community for teachers and comprehensively improved the quality of medical education.

Corrigendum to “Selection of quality markers of Jasminum amplexicaule based on its anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities: Effect-target affiliation-traceability-pharmacokinetics strategy” Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (2019) 379–386 (Chinese Herbal Medicines (2019) 11(4) (379–386), (S167463841930070X), (10.1016/j.chmed.2019.08.002)) / 中草药·英文版

When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: All animal experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Approval NO: 048483). Further, all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. NIH mice were purchased from the Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Certificate NO.44007200031795). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Fabrication of curcumin-loaded pea protein-pectin ternary complex for the stabilization and delivery of ß­carotene emulsions.

There is an ever-increasing need to protect health-beneficial ß-carotene (BC) from degradation with novel ingredients. Natural antioxidant-loaded protein-polysaccharide ternary complex has great potential for BC emulsions stabilization. In this study, curcumin (CUR)-loaded pea protein isolate (PPI), and high methoxyl pectin (HMP) ternary complex (804.0 nm) was fabricated by a self-assembly approach for BC emulsions stabilization. Highest CUR loading amount (LA, 33.19 µg/mg) was obtained in CUR-PPI-HMP complex. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding were the prime driving forces for ternary complex formation. XRD results showed that CUR was amorphous. BC emulsion with PPI-HMP and CUR-PPI-HMP possessed higher droplet sizes (357.8 and 360.2 nm) than that with PPI and CUR-PPI (325.6, and 313.5 nm). Excellent physical stability with PPI-HMP and CUR-PPI-HMP was observed. BC retention with CUR-PPI-HMP was highest exposure to UV light (76.15%, 8 h), or heat treatment at 25 (91.50%) and 50 °C (74.35%) for 30 days.

Preparation of highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B_1 and its application in rapid detection of contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen / 中国中药杂志

A highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) was prepared and an indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ic-ELISA) was established based on the antibody which was used for high-throughput and rapid screening of AFB_1 contamination in Chinese herbal medicines to ensure the safety of medication. In this study, the structure of AFB_1 was modified by improved oxime method, and the carrier protein was coupled by EDC-NHS method to obtain the complete antigen of AFB_1, which was more convenient and environmental friendly. The Balb/c female mice were immunized using increasing the immunization dose and various ways of injection, and finally the AFB_1 monoclonal antibody was prepared. The AFB_1 monoclonal antibody belongs to IgG_(2 b) immunoglobulin by identifying its immunological characteristics, and its sensitivity(IC_(50)) can reach 0.15 μg·L~(-1), and the affi-nity is 2.81×10~8 L·mol~(-1). The cross-reaction rates of AFB_2, AFG_1, and AFG_2 were 35.07%, 8.75%, and 1.15%, respectively, and there was almost no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. Based on the high sensitivity and specificity of the antibody, an ic-ELISA method was established and applied to the determination of AFB_1 contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. According to the matrix matching standard curve, the linear concentration range for AFB_1 was 0.05-0.58 μg·L~(-1)(R~2=0.992), the recoveries were 88.00%-119.0%, and the detection limit was 1.69 μg·kg~(-1). The AFB_1 in 33 batches of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples was determined by ic-ELISA, and the contamination level was 3.62-206.58 μg·kg~(-1). The linear correlation coefficient between the detection results of ic-ELISA and UHPLC-MS/MS was 0.996, and there were no false positive and false negative cases. It indicates that the established ic-ELISA is accurate and reliable, and could provide a simple and effective technique for fast screening of AFB_1 contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and also could be considered as the reference for the detection and monitoring of AFB_1 contamination in other Chinese herbal medicines.