Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine in adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE) in children based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of RVGE in children was retrieved from the databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science from database inception to October 22, 2022. The quality of the included RCT was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. Sixty-three RCTs were included, with 11 oral Chinese patent medicines involved, including Xingpi Yanger Granules, Weichang'an Pills, Qiuxieling Mixture, Erxieting Granules, and Changyanning Granules/Syrup. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical total effective rate, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xiaoer Guangpo Zhixie Oral Liquid, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the anti-diarrheal time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Qiuxieling Mixture, and Shuangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antiemetic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Changyanning Granules/Syrup, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the antipyretic time, the top 3 optimal interventions were Shenling Baizhu Granules, Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules, and Qiuxieling Mixture combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, the top 3 optimal interventions were Xingpi Yanger Granules, Erxieting Granules, and Cangling Zhixie Oral Liquid combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB) level, the top 3 optimal interventions were Weichang'an Pills, Xingpi Yanger Granules, and Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of adverse reactions, no se-rious adverse reactions were reported in all studies. Oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of children with RVGE have their own advantages, Specifically, Changyanning Granules/Syrup + conventional western medicine focuses on improving the clinical total effective rate and shortening the antiemetic time, Shenling Baizhu Granules + conventional western medicine on shortening the anti-diarrheal time and antipyretic time, Xingpi Yanger Granules + conventional western medicine on improving the negative conversion rate of rotavirus, and Weichang'an Pills + conventional western medicine on reducing the CK-MB level. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study, the results need to be verified by high-quality RCT with a larger sample size.

Molecular mechanism of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis according to “drug-target-pathway” network / 药学学报

This study was aimed to construct a “drug-target-pathway” network of Xuebijing injection for sepsis treatment in an effort to explore the “multi-components, multi-targets, multi-pathways” mechanism based on “system-system” research mode. Active ingredients of Xuebijing injection were used to predict the potential targets according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The pathway information was acquired from DAVID and KEGG database. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the “ingredient-target-pathway” network of Xuebijing injection for sepsis treatment. The results showed that 21 major active ingredients of Xuebijing injection regulated 550 targets (HRAS, GSK3B, BTK, AK, et al) and affected 10 inflammation and immune-related pathways, such as B cell receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The sepsis therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection reflected the action features of traditional Chinese medicine as multi-ingredients, multi-targets, multi-pathways. This research clarifies the material basis of Xuebijing injection for anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, providing a scientific basis for elucidation the mechanism of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of sepsis.

Emerging application and reflections of cell membrane chromatography in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) was first proposed by Professor He in 1996. As one of bio-affinity chromatography technique, CMC was a simple and convenient technology in the study of interactions of active components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with membrane receptors in vitro, and screen active components from complicated TCMs. Recently, the CMC technology was developed rapidly, and widely applied in the discovery of lead compounds from nature product. This review article is focused on the application of cell membrane chromatography in the identification of active components in traditional Chinese medicine, together with the recent development of CMC methodology. Combining with our previous works in the analysis of the composition of complex substances, biochromatography and TLC bioautography for quality evaluation of TCM, we proposed a new holistic quality evaluation strategy of TCM related with bioactivity, which could be summarized as the integration of screen (screening of quality control marker by CMC), macroscopic characterization (characterizing the chemical material basis by multi-dimension and multi data fingerprinting) and microscopic description (multi-component quantification). The proposed strategy would provide a new idea for the holistic quality evaluation of TCM in the composition and concentration of bioactive components as quality evaluation indicators.

Study on inhibitory effects and mechanism of lipophilic components in Salvia miltiorrhiza on angiogenesis in vitro / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the human umbilical vein endothelial cell model was used to study the regulating effect of lipophilic components in Salvia miltiorrhiza on angiogenesis, and explore its possible mechanism. The cell model was established to determine the effect of lipophilic components in S. miltiorrhiza on the proliferative activity and migration capacity of endothelial cells. Then the realtime fluorescence quantification PCR technology was applied to detect the changes in the gene expressions of angiogenesis-related cytokines VEGF-A, VEGF-C and MMP-9. The results showed that 5 mg x L(-1) lipophilic components in S. miltiorrhiza could inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and reduce the expression of VEGF-A and MMP-9 genes. It indicated that lipophilic components in S. miltiorrhiza may inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells by inhibiting the expression of VEGF-A and MMP-9 genes, so as to show the inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

Therapeutic effects of gegen qinlian decoction and its mechanism of action on type 2 diabetic rats / 药学学报

The objective of this study is to fully investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of action of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GD) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). A rat model of type 2 DM was established with the combination of high-fat diet and multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). Biochemical indicators related to glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, oxidative stress were observed. The type 2 DM rats were administrated with GD for 80 days, the above-mentioned indexes were detected. The results indicated that the hepatic glycogen synthesis level was promoted, fasting blood glucose level and fasting blood insulin level were significantly reduced, insulin sensitivity index was significantly improved; the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced; pathologic morphology of pancreas and kidney was ameliorated in the GD group. It was indicated that the therapeutic mechanisms of action of GD on type 2 DM might be related to its effect of ameliorating glucose metabolism disorders, relieving insulin resistance, increasing the tissues' sensitivity to insulin, improving the antioxidative ability of living system, GD has therapeutic effect on type 2 DM and protective effects against damaged pancreatic function.

Comparative study on chemical quality of main species of epimedium / 药学学报

This study was to comprehensively evaluate the chemical quality of main species of epimedium planted in China. The contents of 5 marker compounds, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin and baohuoside I, as well as total flavonoids of 22 samples of 8 officinal species of Epimedium were determined by HPLC and UV, separately. Some physical and chemical tests (H2O, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and EtOH extract) were also carried out to investigate their chemical qualities. There were significant differences in types and contents of prenyl-flavonoid glycosides such as epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin and baohuoside I in different species, meanwhile, the physical and chemical parameters results also showed that there were obvious differences in chemical quality among different species of epimedium herb. The results provide theoretical and experimental basis for the establishment of comprehensive quality assessment system of epimedium in China.

Tissue distribution of arsenic of liushen pills and realgar / 药学学报

This study is to report the tissue distribution of arsenic after giving different doses of realgar and Liushen pills to Beagle dogs, in order to provide basis for the safety evaluation of Liushen pills. ICP-MS was used to measure arsenic concentration, and HPLC-ICP-MS was used to analyze arsenic speciation. The concentration of total arsenic and As(III) + DMA (arsenite + dimethylarsenic acid) increased with dosing of realgar. Total arsenic concentration in most tissues and As(III) + DMA concentration in all tissues of Liushen pills group are lower than that of realgar group, but AsB concentration in liver, spleen and kidney of Liushen pills group increased. The concentration of total arsenic showed a dose-dependent manner with dosage administered. It was indicated that components in Liushen pills can reduce solubility of arsenic in realgar, which may decrease toxicity of realgar.

Effects of tangshen recipe on the homocysteine metabolism of patients with diabetic nephropathy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tangshen Recipe (TR) on the homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism of patients with diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>64 patients with diabetic nephropathy were randomly assigned to two groups, 32 in each. Those in the Western medicine treatment group (Group A) received insulin and orally took anti-diabetic drugs, while those in the TR group (Group B) received insulin and orally took TR (consisting of astragalus, raw rehmannia root, sanchi root, euonymus branchlet, rhubarb, bitter orange, and dogwood fruit, etc. 4 g/package). Six months was taken as one therapeutic course. Another 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Eight intermediate metabolites of the homocysteine metabolism in plasma were quantitated before treatment, three months and six months after treatment. The in vivo changes of each metabolite after treatment were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy control group, contents of cysteine (Cys), Hcy, s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and SAH significantly increased in Group A and B before treatment. Contents of methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH), and Cys-gly decreased significantly, showing statistical difference (P<0.05). Patients' in vivo contents of Cys, Hcy, SAM, and SAH significantly decreased, while contents of Met, GSH, and Cys-gly significantly increased after three and six months of treatment when compared with before treatment in the same group (all P<0.05). No statistical difference existed in contents of SAH, SAM, and GSH of Group A and B after six months of treatment when compared with the healthy control group (P>0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in Group A and B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Treatment of insulin and TR showed similar favorable effect to Western medicine in treatment of diabetic nephropathy. It could improve in vivo hypomethylation and oxidative stress.</p>

Effect of tangshen formula on phospholipids metabolism in diabetic nephropathy patients / 药学学报

This study was to report the effect of Tangshen Formula on phospholipids metabolism in diabetic nephropathy patients. A normal phase-HPLC-TOF/MS method was used in this study for the determination of seven species of phospholipids in human plasma. Then, the concentration changes of potential phospholipids biomarkers were discussed in diabetic nephropathy phase III and phase IV patients among different groups, including before and 3, 6 months after administration of Tangshen Formula. Significant increases of PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854 and PC802 levels were observed 6 months after administration of Tangshen Formula and conventional western medicine, as well as a decrease of LPC540 level, when compared with those before medication. Concentrations of all the potential phospholipids biomarkers showed a tendency towards normal levels; however, both the improvement degree and onset time of these compounds were not same. Additionally, Tangshen Formula treatment based on conventional western medicine treatment was more efficient in adjusting the levels of these compounds when compared with western medicine treatment alone, especially for the phase IV patients. These results indicated that Tangshen Formula was capable in regulating and improving phospholipids metabolism in diabetic nephropathy patients, which may be related with the direct or indirect inhibition of protein kinase C pathway and the corresponding reduction of phospholipase A2 activity. Therefore, Tangshen Formula may be used as an effective drug for diabetic nephropathy therapy, at least as an adjunctive therapeutic drug.

Effects of er-long-zuo-ci-wan on the spontaneous activities of auditory central nucleus in rat model of tinnitus induced by salicylate acid / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>Observe the effects of er-long-zuo-ci-wan (EIZCW, a compound of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the spontaneous discharge of external cortex of inferior colliculus (ICx) and secondary auditory cortex (AII) of chronic tinnitus model rats induced by salicylate acid, to explore the neural mechanisms underlying ELZCW preventing tinnitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 adult SD rats were involved and divided into three groups, normal control group, chronic tinnitus model group and ELZCW prevention group. Extracellular recording techniques and stereotaxic method were used. The spontaneous spikes were recorded and analyzed from ICx and all in different group rats. The average rate of spontaneous discharge and the interspike interval histogram of spontaneous activities were used as indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with normal control group, the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the ICx in the chronic tinnitus model group increased significantly (4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz vs. 3.14 +/- 0.40 Hz, P < 0.05). Furthermore analysis showed that the discharge rate of short spike interval from the ICx in the chronic tinnitus model group increased than that of the normal group (0-40 ms: 58% vs. 40%; 0-4 ms: 9% vs. 5%). And there was an increasing tendency of the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the AII in the chronic tinnitus model group compared with that in the normal group. (2) Compared with the chronic tinnitus model group, the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the ICx and AII in the ELZCW prevention group significantly decreased than that in the chronic tinnitus model group (ICx: 2.41 +/- 0.21 Hz vs. 4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz, P < 0.01. AII: 2.24 +/- 0.24 Hz vs. 4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz , P < 0.01). And the discharge rate of short spike interval from the ICx and AII in the chronic tinnitus model group decreased than that in the normal control group (ICx: 0-40 ms 50% vs. 58%, 0-4 ms 4% vs. 9%. All: 0-22 ms: 24% vs. 31%, 0-8 ms 19% vs. 16%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>If the increasing of the spontaneous activities of ICx and AII in chronic tinnitus rats means tinnitus, the use of ELZCW could decrease this kind of changes.</p>

Integration of metabonomics technology and its application in modernization of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Metabonomics technology has been widely applied in the field of biology and pharmacy nowadays. The integration on mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other modern analytical techniques, made up of the metabonomics technology platform, have accelerated the study on metabonomics. In this paper, the past results of metabonomics studies are reviewed, and the applications of metabonomics to traditional Chinese medicine are prospected.

Multi-dimensional fingerprints of Japan Jiuxin pill / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To develop HPLC-UV/ELSD and HPLC-UV/MS3 fingerprints of Japan Jiuxin pill using multi-dimensional hyphenated methods and study on its chemical base.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Separation was performed on Altima C18 analytical column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm). The mobile phases consisted of water containing 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile was used as gradient elute. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). An electrospray ion trap mass spectrometer was utilized for qualitative analysis and both positive and negative secondary ion scan mode were applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC-UV/ELSD and HPLC-UV/ MS3 fingerprints of Japan Jiuxin pill with well separation and reproducibility were obtained. Totally 21 components in the complex formula were identified and the chemical structural information of glycocholic acid and its isomer were suggested.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The research is propitious to offer an effective and reliable pattern for analyzing Japanese Kampo Medicines as well as its quality control.</p>

HPLC fingerprint for the Corydalis saxicola Bunting injection / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish the fingerprint of Corydalis saxicola Bunting injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>It was performed by HPLC Kromasil column was used with acetonitrile and H2O as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.5 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The mass spectrometry detection was performed on a trap equipped with an ESI interface and operated in positive-ionization mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven components of Corydalis saxicola Bunting were identified by LC-MS and 7 of them were quantified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fingerprint chromatogram could represent the characteristics of Corydalis saxicola Bunting injection. Evaluation of resemblances and results of precision were satisfactory. This method could be used as quality and quantity control.</p>

Application of HPLC/ELSD fingerprint and constellation graphical clustering method applied to evaluate the quality of Qingkailing injection / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the quality of Qingkailing injections effectively, and to develop a credible method for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fingerprints of 18 Qingkailing injection samples from various manufacturers were obtained by HPLC/ELSD, and quality evaluation was performed by constellation graphical clustering method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC/ELSD and constellation graphical clustering method properly revealed the quality information apparently and accurately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was an apparent, credible and efficient method for quality evaluation of Chinese medicines.</p>

Pattern recognition applied to the fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine characterized by two-dimension information data / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish the two-dimension information fingerprints chromatograph of traditional Chinese medicine and investigate via pattern recognition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hierarchical cluster was applied to fingerprints described by one-dimension information data and by two-dimension information data respectively and corresponding results was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gross classes, in which the samples denoted by two-dimension information data, classified by all kinds of hierarchical cluster methods had less differences and more robustness than the methods containing the samples expressed by one-dimension information data. The classes to which the unknown samples would be belonged were determined by hierarchical cluster analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), and the same results were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fingerprints characterized by two-dimension information data could provide more overall and special information as compared with the methods indicated by one-dimension information data.</p>

Identification of Panax notoginseng and its preparations by LC/MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To develop a method of identifying the existing of Panax notoginseng in products of traditional Chinese medicine compound Danshen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total ion chromatograms (TIC) of Panax notoginseng, P. ginseng, and P. quinquefolius were obtained by means of LC/MS. Extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) posses m/z of 770, 800, 932, 946 and 1,108 of above-mentioned three herbs was compared between species. EIC 800 and 946 were selected as differentiation marks to distinguish P. notoginseng from the other two species. The EIC 800 and 946 of P. notoginseng were also compared to the EICs obtained by the same method from Chinese patent medicines of compound Danshen pellet, compound Danshen tablet, and compound Danshen injection. EIC 800 and 946 of P. notoginseng and its products possess similar peaks, relative retention time, and relative integral areas. Main chemical constitutes of P. notoginseng were also identified by using LC/MS/MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EIC 800 and 946 were obviously different between P. notoginseng, P. ginseng, and P. quinquefolius. Patent medicines of compound Danshen pellet, compound Danshen tablet, which consist of extractions from P. notoginseng, possess the characteristic EICs. The selected EICs were stable and reproductive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EIC 800 and 946, which correspond to ginsenoside Rg1, Re, and their isomers, can be used as identifying mark of P. notoginseng to differentiate it from other herbs, and also can be used to tell apart P. notoginseng from other herb extractions in Chinese patent medicines of compound Danshen.</p>

Simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of components in Gardenia by high-performance liquid chromatography under different UV-vis wave length / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To determine 3 kinds of biologically active components (9 compounds) in Gardenia, namely geniposidic acid, gentiobioside, gardenoside, genipin geniposide, chlorogenic acid, crocin 1, crocin 2, crocin 3 and crocetin simultaneously and quantitatively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An HPLC method detected by 3 different UV-vis waves--240 nm for geniposidic acid, geniposide, gardenoside, genipin gentiobioside, 330 nm for chlorogenic acid, 440 nm for crocin 1, crocin 2, crocin 3 and crocetin respectively, has been developed: Phenomenex Luna C18 column(250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microns) with linear gradient elution using methanol-acetotrile (9:1) and 0.3% aqueous formic acid.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This method successfully determined 9 compounds in Gardenia (from 5 different areas) simultaneously and quantitatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This is a more reasonable and credible quality control method for the Chinese traditional medicine.</p>