China's application of the One Health approach in addressing public health threats at the human-animal-environment interface: Advances and challenges.

Background: Due to emerging issues such as global climate change and zoonotic disease pandemics, the One Health approach has gained more attention since the turn of the 21st century. Although One Health thinking has deep roots and early applications in Chinese history, significant gaps exist in China's real-world implementation at the complex interface of the human-animal-environment. Methods: We abstracted the data from the global One Health index study and analysed China's performance in selected fields based on Structure-Process-Outcome model. By comparing China to the Belt & Road and G20 countries, the advances and gaps in China's One Health performance were determined and analysed. Findings: For the selected scientific fields, China generally performs better in ensuring food security and controlling antimicrobial resistance and worse in addressing climate change. Based on the SPO model, the "structure" indicators have the highest proportion (80.00%) of high ranking and the "outcome" indicators have the highest proportion (20.00%) of low ranking. When compared with Belt and Road countries, China scores above the median in almost all indicators (16 out of 18) under the selected scientific fields. When compared with G20 countries, China ranks highest in food security (scores 72.56 and ranks 6th), and lowest in climate change (48.74, 11th). Conclusion: Our results indicate that while China has made significant efforts to enhance the application of the One Health approach in national policies, it still faces challenges in translating policies into practical measures. It is recommended that a holistic One Health action framework be established for China in accordance with diverse social and cultural contexts, with a particular emphasis on overcoming data barriers and mobilizing stakeholders both domestically and globally. Implementation mechanisms, with clarified stakeholder responsibilities and incentives, should be improved along with top-level design.

Reveal the mechanisms of prescriptions for liver cancer' treatment based on two illustrious senior TCM physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the core herbs of two illustrious senior Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Physicians for the treatment of liver cancer, and to further clarify the gene targets and pathway mechanisms of liver cancer that the core prescription (CP) may regulate. METHODS: We used the patient information of two illustrious senior TCM physicians from the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University as the database. The CP was analyzed using the community network algorithm. The pathway mechanism was analyzed using network pharmacology method. And the prognostic survival genes were identified using Single factor cox regression analysis. Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP), Herb, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Genecards, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Genomic Data Commons (GDC), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gephi and R were used to mine CP, building a pathway network diagram. All the analyses were visualized. RESULTS: We found that the CP consistes of Huangqi (), Danshen (), Shuihonghuazi (), Baihuasheshecao (), Banzhilian (), and Ezhu (), which were attributed to the two physicians respectively. The CP played an anti-cancer role through such pathways as signal transduction, energy metabolism, immune system and other pathways, covering a total of 112 pathways and 176 herb-disease-related genes. Fourteen genes have a significant impact on the prognosis and survival of liver cancer. CONCLUSION: Based on the liver cancer cases of two illustrious senior TCM physicians, we obtained the CP through data mining. The CP may mainly exert anti-cancer effects by inhibiting inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and enhancing the body's immune response. We screened out 14 genes in the CP that may be related to the prognosis of liver cancer, and these genes may play an important regulatory role in the prognosis of liver cancer.

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

Periarticular fracture of the shoulder is a common type of fractures in the elderly. Postoperative adverse events such as internal fixation failure, humeral head ischemic necrosis and upper limb dysfunction occur frequently, which seriously endangers the exercise and health of the elderly. Compared with the fracture with normal bone mass, the osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder is complicated with slow healing and poor rehabilitation, so the clinical management becomes more difficult. At present, there is no targeted guideline or consensus for this type of fracture in China. In such context, experts from Youth Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatrics Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Osteoporosis Group of Youth Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine developed the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder in the elderly ( version 2023). Nine recommendations were put forward from the aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation of osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder, hoping to promote the standardized, systematic and personalized diagnosis and treatment concept and improve functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporotic periarticular fracture of the shoulder.

The efficacy of radiotherapy based combined therapy for unresectable locally invasive bladder cancer and its associated factors analysis / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of bladder preservation integrated therapy for unresectable invasive bladder cancer confined to the pelvis was done, also including the bladder function preservation and adverse effects analysis. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with unresectable locally invasive bladder cancer who received radiotherapy-based combination therapy from March 1999 to December 2021 at our hospital were selected. Among them, 42 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 32 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapyand 43 with transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) prior to radiotherapy. The late adverse effect of radiotherapy, preservation of bladder function, replase and metastasis and survival were followed-up. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the multifactorial analysis. Results: The median age was 69 years. There were 63 cases (91.3%) of uroepithelial carcinoma, 64 of stage Ⅲ and 4 of stage Ⅳ. The median duration of follow-up was 76 months. There were 7 grade 2 late genito urinary toxicities, 2 grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities, no grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred. All patients maintained normal bladder function, except for 8 cases who lost bladder function due to uncontrolled tumor in the bladder. Seventeen cases recurred locally. There were 11 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 26.2% (11/42) and 6 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a local recurrence rate of 22.2% (6/27), and the difference in local recurrence rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.709). There were 23 cases of distant metastasis (including 2 cases of local recurrence with distant metastasis), including 10 cases in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 23.8% (10/42) and 13 cases in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with a distant metastasis rate of 48.1% (13/27), and the distant metastasis rate in the non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was higher than that in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (P=0.036). The median 5-year overall survival (OS) time was 59 months and the OS rate was 47.8%. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) time was 20 months and the PFS rate was 34.4%. The 5-year OS rates of concurrent and non-concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were 62.9% and 27.6% (P<0.001), and 5-year PFS rates were 45.4% and 20.0%, respectively (P=0.022). The 5-year OS rates of with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 78.4% and 30.1% (P=0.002), and the 5-year PFS rates were 49.1% and 25.1% (P=0.087), respectively. The 5-year OS rates with or without TURBT before radiotherapy were 45.5% and 51.9% (P=0.233) and the 5-year PFS rates were 30.8% and 39.9% (P=0.198), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that the clinical stage (HR=0.422, 95% CI: 0.205-0.869) was independent prognostic factor for PFS of invasive bladder cancer. The multivariate analysis showed that clinical stages (HR=0.278, 95% CI: 0.114-0.678), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (HR=0.391, 95% CI: 0.165-0.930), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.188, 95% CI: 0.058-0.611), and recurrences (HR=10.855, 95% CI: 3.655-32.638) were independent prognostic factors for OS of invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion: Unresectable localized invasive bladder cancer can achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes with bladder-preserving combination therapy based on radiotherapy, most patients can retain normal bladder function with acceptable late adverse effects and improved survival particularly evident in patients with early, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Effect of acupuncture on functional delayed gastric emptying after gastric cancer surgery based on enhance recovery after surgery / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for functional delayed gastric emptying after gastric cancer surgery on the basis of routine treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 patients with functional delayed gastric emptying after gastric cancer surgery were randomly divided into an observation group (40 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (40 cases, 1 case dropped off). The control group was treated with routine treatment, e.g. continuous gastrointestinal decompression. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the observation group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39), Gongsun (SP 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), 30 min each time, once a day, 5 days as a course, 1-3 courses were required. The first exhaust time, remove gastric tube time, liquid food intake time and hospital stay were compared in the two groups, and the clinical effect was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The first exhaust time, remove gastric tube time, liquid food intake time and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than the control group (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of routine treatment, acupuncture could accelerate the recovery of patients with functional delayed gastric emptying after gastric cancer surgery.

Laurolitsine ameliorates type 2 diabetes by regulating the hepatic LKB1-AMPK pathway and gut microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent chronic metabolic disease. Effective antidiabetic drugs are needed to improve and expand the available treatments. Using the ob/ob diabetic mouse model, we previously demonstrated that the alkaloid-rich extract from Litsea glutinosa bark (CG) has potent antidiabetic effects and that laurolitsine (LL) is the richest alkaloid in CG. PURPOSE: We conducted a systematic investigation of the antidiabetic effects and potential mechanisms of LL in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The antidiabetic effects of LL and its mechanisms of action were explored in HL-7702 hepatocytes in vitro and in db/db mice in vivo by a series of experiments, including cellular toxicity analysis, glucose consumption analysis, serum/liver biochemical analysis, pathological examinations, Western blots, RNA-seq analysis, and gut microbiota analysis. RESULTS: LL stimulated glucose consumption and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) without inducing lactic acid production or cytotoxicity in vitro. LL had potent antidiabetic effects with hypoglycemic activity in vivo. It improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism; protected liver, renal and pancreatic functions; and promoted weight loss in db/db mice. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the antidiabetic effects of LL involved the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We further demonstrated that LL effectively activated the hepatic liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK pathway by regulating the ADP/ATP ratio. Simultaneously, LL significantly modulated the gut microbial community, specifically decreasing the abundances of Mucispirillum schaedleri and Anaerotruncus_sp_G3_2012, which might also contribute to its antidiabetic effects. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LL is a promising antidiabetic drug candidate that may improve glucolipid metabolism via modulation of the hepatic LKB1/AMPK pathway and the gut microbiota.

Towards a global One Health index: a potential assessment tool for One Health performance.

BACKGROUND: A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed. METHODS: We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation; (ii) indicator selection; (iii) database building; (iv) weight determination; and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators. RESULTS: The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8-65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible. CONCLUSIONS: GOHI-subject to rigorous validation-would represent the world's first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.

Intensive phototherapy vs. exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia that met the criteria of ET were included. Patients were divided into three subgroups (low-, medium-, and high- risk) according to gestational week and risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the data before treatment. Study outcomes included the development of bilirubin encephalopathy, duration of hospitalization, expenses, and complications. Mortality, auditory complications, seizures, enamel dysplasia, ocular motility disorders, athetosis, motor, and language development were evaluated during follow-up at age of 3 years.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1164 patients were included in this study. After PSM, 296 patients in the IPT only group and 296 patients in the IPT plus ET group were further divided into the low-, medium-, and high-risk subgroups with 188, 364, and 40 matched patients, respectively. No significant differences were found between the IPT only and IPT plus ET groups in terms of morbidity, complications, and sequelae. Hospitalization duration and expenses were lower in the low- and medium-risk subgroups in the IPT only group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.

Altered integrity of hepatocyte tight junctions in rats with triptolide-induced cholestasis / 中国天然药物

Triptolide (TP), an active component of Tripterygium wilfordiiHook. f. (TWHF), has been widely used for centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the clinical application of TP has been restricted due to multitarget toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity. In this study, 28 days of oral TP administration (100, 200, or 400 μg·kg

Identification of potential targets and synergistic mechanism of Kushen Decoction for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the potential targets and synergistic mechanisms of Kushen Decoction for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Methods The main active ingredients of Kushen Decoction were captured from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TC-MSP) and the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database, and the potential targets were predicted. In addition, the active ingredients of Kushen Decoction that were not included in the TCMSP database were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the target genes of all supplemented active ingredients were predicted using the online TargetNet database. Network construction and analysis were performed using the Cytoscape software, and cryptosporidiosis-related targets were retrieved in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and GeneCards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database, and the DAVID database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses. The tissue distribution of key targets was investigated using the BioGPS database, and the AutoDockTools software was employed to verify the molecular docking results. Results A total of 38 active ingredients of Kushen Decoction were screened, and the core ingredients included quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin. A total of 831 targets of Kushen Decoction and 512 cryptosporidiosis-related targets were predicted, and PPI network analysis revealed 69 key targets, including AKT1, TNF and IL-6. There were 303 biological processes, 46 molecular functions and 29 cellular components involved in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis with Kushen Decoction, and 13 KEGG pathways played a therapeutic role in the synergistic mechanisms of multiple targets, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR), nuclear factor kappa B(NF)-κB, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor (NLR) signal pathways. The core targets were mainly distributed in the hematologic and immune systems. Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding energy between active ingredients and key targets were all less than 0 kJ/mol, indicating the strong binding of ligands to receptors. Conclusions The active ingredients of Kushen Decoction, such as quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin, may act on targets like AKT1, TNF, IL-6 to modulate TLR, NLR and NF-κB signaling pathways to play a synergistic role in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the hematologic and immune system.

Analysis of Material Basis and Mechanism of Sangjiang Ganmao Injection in Treatment of Common Cold Based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the material basis and mechanism of Sangjiang Ganmao injection （SG） in the treatment of common cold by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） and network pharmacology. Method:UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to identify the chemical components of SG with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-10 min， 4%-15%A； 10-35 min， 15%-30%A； 35-45 min， 30%-33%A； 45-55 min， 33%-60%A； 55-58 min， 60%A）， flow rate of 0.2 mL·min^-1， electrospray ionization （ESI） and scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 500 under positive and negative ion modes. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and GeneCards 5.0 database were used to screen and predict the potential targets of chemical components in SG， STRING 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to construct protein-protein interaction （PPI） network model， gene ontology （GO） analysis and pathway analysis were performed on potential targets by Metascape 3.5， Reactome database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）， Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to build the network of "herbs-ingredients-key targets". Result:A total of 54 components in SG were identified， and 80 potential targets of SG for treatment of common cold were predicted and screened based on this. SG exerted therapeutic effects by acting on targets such as interleukin （IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF） and IL-10， and signaling pathways such as IL-17 signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway and interaction of cytokine receptors. Conclusion:SG may interfere with the expression of inflammatory cytokines by acting on related targets and pathways such as inflammation and immune system， and regulate the immune function of the body as a whole， thereby exerting a therapeutic effect.

Expert Consensus on Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine have their respective advantages and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of common otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases. Although the integrated TCM and western medicine exhibits definite curative effects， there is no consensus on the otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases responding specifically to TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine， as well as the diagnosis and treatment schemes. The China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） thus organized the otorhinolaryngology head and neck specialists of both TCM and western medicine to discuss the etiology， pathogenesis， and clinical diagnosis and treatment methods of common otorhinolaryngology head and neck diseases with the results of multiple clinical trials taken into account. The acute pharyngitis， chronic pharyngolaryngitis， paraesthesia pharyngis， hysterical aphasia， allergic rhinitis， subjective tinnitus， and otogenic vertigo were confirmed to respond specifically to TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine. Then a mutually agreed diagnosis and treatment scheme and recommendation with integrated TCM and western medicine was formulated as a reference for clinical practice， thus benefiting more patients.

Chinese Expert's Perspectives on Andrological Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In recent years， the incidence rate of andrological diseases has shown a significant growth trend. Considering the unavailability of a perfect theoretical system for andrology in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the complex pathogenesis despite of the limited types of andrological diseases， it is necessary to improve the clinical efficacy of andrological diseases so as to satisfy the needs of patients. Therefore， the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） organized the andrologists of TCM and western medicine and the outstanding young clinicians to discuss the andrological diseases responding specifically to TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine， such as chronic prostatitis， male infertility， benign prostatic hyperplasia， erectile dysfunction， and premature ejaculation， determine their diagnostic criteria in western medicine， and standardize the specifications for TCM diagnosis and treatment based on syndrome differentiation， thus formulating recognized and integrated diagnosis and treatment protocols. Apart from proposing suggestions on the treatment of such andrological diseases with TCM and western medicine， the experts have also figured out the andrological diseases responding specifically to TCM， the optimal intervention time of TCM and western medicine， and the suitable measures including surgery. The resulting consensus helps to better guide the formulation of accurate， personalized， and optimized treatment plans in clinical practice and improve the diagnosis and treatment effects of andrological diseases by giving full play to the advantages of TCM， which will in turn contribute to further innovation and development of TCM.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystibane-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces liver injury by disrupting bile acid homeostasis and phospholipids efflux / 中国中药杂志

Polygonum multiflorum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has many biological activities such as hair-blacking, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. However, the liver injury induced by P. multiflorum has aroused wide attention in recent years. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystibane-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG) is a main component of P. multiflorum, but the role of TSG in inducing liver injury is unclear. The aim of present study was to evaluate TSG's potential liver injury and effects on bile acid homeostasis and phospholipids efflux. C57 BL/6 J mice received intraperitoneal administration of 400 mg·kg~(-1) of TSG daily for 15 days, and then biochemical indexes of liver injury and changes of phospholipid content were detected. The changes of bile acid compositions were detected by LC-MS/MS. The results showed TSG 400 mg·kg~(-1) significantly increased the content of serum total bile acid(TBA) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP). Elevated free bile acid levels were observed in TSG-treated groups, including β-muricholic acid(β-MCA), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA), deoxcholic acid(DCA) in serum and β-MCA, CDCA in liver. TSG inhibited the protein expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and down stream bile salt export pump(BSEP), which may result in the accumulation of bile acid. TSG also inhibited the expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7 B1), which may disturb the alternative pathway for bile acid synthesis. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of TSG 400 mg·kg~(-1) significantly decreased the content of phospholipids in bile. The research showed that TSG significantly inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance protein 2(MDR2) and destroyed the regular distribution of MDR2 on the bile duct membrane of liver. In vitro results showed that the IC_(50) of TSG on HepG2 cells was about 1 500 μmol·L~(-1) and TSG at 500 μmol·L~(-1)(for 24 h) could destroy the distribution of MDR2 on the bile duct membrane of liver. In conclusion, TSG induced liver injury by disrupting bile acid homeostasis and phospholipids efflux.

Expert consensus on Antiviral Oral Liquid in treatment of influenza in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Antiviral Oral Liquid is modified on the basis of Baihu Decoction in Treatise on Febrility Diseases by ZHANG Zhongjing and Qingwen Baidu Yin in Qing Dynasty, with effects in clearing toxic heat, repelling dampness and cooling blood. It is widely used in clinical treatment of common colds, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, mumps, viral conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease, with a good clinical efficacy and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey of clinicians and a systematic review of study literatures on Antiviral Oral Liquid, the international clinical practice guidelines development method was adopted to analyze the optimal available evidences and expert experiences in the "evidence-based, consensus-based and experience-based" principles. The consensus was jointly reached by more than 30 multidisciplinary experts nationwide, including clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the field of respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, and methodological experts. In the study, literatures were retrieved based on clinical problems in the clinical survey as well as PICO clinical problems. The GRADE system was used for the classification and evaluation of evidence, and fully combined with clinical expert experience, so as to reach expert consensus by the nominal grouping method. This expert consensus recommended or suggested indications, usage and dosage, course of treatment, intervention time for treatment, and the safety and precautions of Antiviral Oral Liquid for treatment of influenza, and can provide reference for the rational use of this drug in clinical practice.

A new hexenol glycoside from Buddleja officinalis / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis were investigated in this study. Eight compounds were isolated from the water extract of B. officinalis by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. These compounds were identified as(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylcopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), ebracteatoside B(2), jasmonic acid-11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), luteolin-7-O-galacturonide(5), vicenin-2(6), decaffeoylverbascoside(7), and 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-D-glucopyranoside(8). Compound 1 is a new 3-hexenol glycoside. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 were isolated from Buddleja genus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Taenia saginata Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Cholecystitis in a Tibetan Patient, in China

The present study reports a rare case of Taenia saginata infection, which was initially diagnosed as acute cholecystitis in a Tibetan patient at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pastoral area, China. A 45-year-old female was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis at a hospital in China. She had a slight fever, weight loss and constipation and complained of pain in the upper abdomen and left back areas. Increase of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil levels were shown. Taenia sp. eggs were detected in a fecal examination. An adult tapeworm approximately 146 cm in length, whitish-yellow color, was collected from the patient after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The adult tapeworm had a scolex and proglottids with genital pores. The scolex was rectangular shape with 4 suckers and rostellum without hooklet. The cox1 gene sequence shared 99.5-99.8% homology with that of T. saginata from other regions in China. The patient was diagnosed finally infected with T. saginata by morphological and molecular charateristics.

Taenia saginata Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Cholecystitis in a Tibetan Patient, in China

The present study reports a rare case of Taenia saginata infection, which was initially diagnosed as acute cholecystitis in a Tibetan patient at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau pastoral area, China. A 45-year-old female was initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis at a hospital in China. She had a slight fever, weight loss and constipation and complained of pain in the upper abdomen and left back areas. Increase of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil levels were shown. Taenia sp. eggs were detected in a fecal examination. An adult tapeworm approximately 146 cm in length, whitish-yellow color, was collected from the patient after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The adult tapeworm had a scolex and proglottids with genital pores. The scolex was rectangular shape with 4 suckers and rostellum without hooklet. The cox1 gene sequence shared 99.5-99.8% homology with that of T. saginata from other regions in China. The patient was diagnosed finally infected with T. saginata by morphological and molecular charateristics.

Analysis of pathogenesis clauses and prescriptions of “Treatise on differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease” related to clinical symptoms of COVID-19 / 中草药

Objective: To collect the clinical symptoms of novel coronavirus pneumonia, explore and analyze the clauses and prescriptions related to the clinical symptoms of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in “Treatise on differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease”, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatments of the disease. Methods: Searching literature from the databases CNKI and PubMed by entering “novel coronavirus” (in Chinese) and “2019 Novel Coronavirus” as key words, classifying typical symptoms depending on their reported frequencies of occurrence, comparing with related pathogenesis in “Treatise on differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease”, and analyzing clauses and prescriptions combined with the sixth version of “New coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment scheme”. Results: We optimized 20 literatures published in Chinese or English for the review, in which, a total of 647 clinical cases were reported. Based on that, 28 typical symptoms were summarized, including respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough; Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; Other symptoms, such as myalgia, fatigue, and so forth. Among them, fever (558 cases), cough (395 cases), and fatigue (257 cases) were the top three clinical symptoms. By analysis, we optimized 15 clauses, 18 prescriptions, and 46 traditional Chinese medicines from “Treatise on differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease”, including two clauses in the upper energizer, nine in the middle energizer, and four in the lower energizer; A total of seven prescriptions for treating dampness-heat, five for cold-dampness, and six for warm-heat diseases; as well as Chinese medicines Pinellia ternata (mentioned for six times), Cinnamomi Ramulus (five times), Tetrapanacis Medulla (five times), Poria cocos (four times), Talcum (four times), Coptis chinensis (four times) and Coicis Semen (four times), etc. P. ternata, Cinnamomi Ramulus, C. chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Zingiberis Rhizoma were selected to treat dampness-heat diseases, in order to “pungency opening and bitter discharging”; P. cocos, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Talcum, and Coicis Semen were selected for “eliminating dampness with bland medicinal”; Almond, Amomum kravanh, and Magnolia officinalis were used to “regulating qi movement”; Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Forsythiae Fructus were used to treat warm-hot diseases for “purging fire and removing toxin”. The formula of Sanren Decoction, Yiyizhuye Powder can be used for people in the stage of medical observation period; Sanren Decoction, Yiyizhuye Powder, Xingrenyiyi Decoction, Wuling Powder, Baihujiaguizhi Decoction, and Lingjiangzhugui Decoction for treating mild cases; Huangqin Huashi Tang, Xingren Huashi Decoction, and Fulingpi Decoction for severe cases; Jiaomei Decoction, Jianweiwumei Pill, Sini Decoction, and Taohua Porridge for critical patients, and Maidong Maren Decoction, Wuzhi Yin, and Niuru Yin for convalescents. Conclusion: The prescriptions of “Treatise on differentiation and treatment of epidemic febrile disease” can provide reference for the clinical treatments of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.