Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanogels: an in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils are two medicinally important plant-derived substances with a wide range of biological properties. Besides, nanoemulsion-based gels have been widely used to increase topical drug delivery and effectiveness. METHODS: This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect (paw edema test) and the anti-nociceptive effect (hot plate and formalin test) of nanoemulsion-based gels containing the essential oils in the animal model. Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanoemulsions with droplet sizes of 28 ± 6 nm and 12 ± 3 nm were first prepared. By adding carboxymethylcellulose (3.5% w/v), the nanoemulsions were then gelified. Finally, the nanogels were characterized by ATR-FTIR analysis and were used as topical pre-treatment before induction of inflammation or pain in acute and chronic analgesic experimental studies. RESULTS: The paw edema and formalin findings showed that the nanogels formulations possess significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION: The prepared nanogels could be considered as analgesic drugs for inhibiting the inflammation and pain of diseases.

Hybrid PCL/chitosan-PEO nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with A. euchroma extract for skin tissue engineering application.

Skin tissue engineering is an advanced method to repair and regenerate skin injuries. Recent research is focused on the development of scaffolds that are safe, bioactive, and cytocompatible. In this work, a new hybrid nanofibrous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone/chitosan-polyethylene oxide (PCL/Cs-PEO) incorporated with Arnebia euchroma (A. euchroma) extract were synthesized by the two-nozzle electrospinning method. Then the synthesized scaffold was characterized for morphology, sustainability, chemical structure and properties. Moreover, to verify their potential in the burn wound healing process, biodegradation rate, contact angle, swelling properties, water vapor permeability, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity and drug release profile were measured. Furthermore, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility tests were performed on human dermal fibroblasts cell line via XTT and LDH assay. It is shown that the scaffold improved and increased proliferation during in-vitro studies. Thus, results confirm the efficacy and potential of the hybrid nanofibrous scaffold for skin tissue engineering.